• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.98-101
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• 2008

목적: 보존적 치료에 반응이 없는 견관절 석회화 건염에 대하여 관절경 소견상 확인된 시기별 석회화 물질 제거술 시행 후 이에 대한 치료 결과를 평가 하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2003년 1월부터 2007년 9월까지 극상근 석회화 건염의 진단하에 최소 2개월간의 보존적 치료에 반응이 없어 관절경적 치료를 받은 27예 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 결과 평가는 술 중 석회화의 양상에 따라 대상군을 분류하여 술 후 2주와 6개월의 Visual Analogue Scale를 비교 분석 하였다. 결과: 술 중 석회화 양상이 분필가루와 같은 경우는 11예 이었으며, 치약 같은 양상은 16예 이었다. 술 전 VAS 점수는 각각 평균 8.0 과 8.3 점으로 의미 있는 차이는 보이지 않았다. 술 후 2주에 조사한 VAS 점수는 치약과 같은 양상을 보이는 경우가 평균 2.7점으로 분필가루와 같은 양상을 보인 경우 평균 6.7점에 비해 의미 있는 차이를 보였다. 그러나, 술 후 6개월에 조사한 VAS 점수는 두 군 모두에서 호전을 보였으며, 의미 있는 차이는 보이지 않았다. 결론: 흡수기 소견을 보이는 석회화 건염에서는 조기 결과에서 더욱 빠른 호전을 관찰할 수 있었다. 견관절 석회화 건염의 관절경적 치료에 있어 단기 결과는 수술을 시행하는 시점에서 질환의 진행 단계(phase)가 중요한 인자의 하나로 사료된다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권5A호
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• pp.634-640
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 OQPSK 신호에 대한 공상 변수(Maximum Likelihood parameter) 평가에 기반을 둔 확장된 DD-DEO(Decision Directed-Decision Estimate) 위상 동기 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 방식은 기존의 방식과 비교할 때, 위상 검출기 블록 전에 I(In-phase), Q(Quadrature-phase)채널 당 2 tap을 가지는 필터 블록을 첨가함으로써, 위상 동기 루프에 입력되는 데이터 의존적인 잡음을 줄일 수 있다. 제안한 방식은 송 수신단 기저대역 필터의 롤오프 요소(roll-off factor), 위성 채널의 백오프(back-off) 그리고 루프 대역(loop bandwidth)을 결정하는 $\beta$를 변화시키며 위상 오차와 오류 확률 관점에서 기존의 방식 및 QPSK와 비교하여 성능 평가를 행하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.490-494
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• 1991

The ${\beta} to {\alpha}$ phase transition in silver iodide is studied with the (N, V, E) and (N, P, T) molecular dynamics (MD) method. In experiments, the phase transition temperature is 420 K. Upon heating of ${\beta}$ form, the iodine ions undergo hcp to bcc transformation and silver ions become mobile. MD simulations for the ${\beta}$ and ${\alpha}$ phases are carried out at several temperatures and the radial distribution functions (rdf) are obtained at those temperatures in the (N, V, E) ensemble. But the phase transition is not found in our calculation. Next the phase transition is studied with the (N, P, T) MD and we find some evidences of phase transition. At 3 Kbars and 2 Kbars the phase transition temperatu re is about 300 K. For 3.55 Kbars, the phase transition is higher (420 K) than the low pressure case. The phase transition temperature is somewhat dependent on the pressure in our calculations.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2018

Cell cycle dysfunction can cause severe diseases, including neurodegenerative disease and cancer. Mutations in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors controlling the G1 phase of the cell cycle are prevalent in various cancers. Mice lacking the tumor suppressors $p16^{Ink4a}$ (Cdkn2a, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2a), $p19^{Arf}$ (an alternative reading frame product of Cdkn2a,), and $p27^{Kip1}$ (Cdkn1b, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1b) result in malignant progression of epithelial cancers, sarcomas, and melanomas, respectively. Here, we generated knockout mouse models for each of these three cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors using engineered nucleases. The $p16^{Ink4a}$ and $p19^{Arf}$ knockout mice were generated via transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and $p27^{Kip1}$ knockout mice via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9). These gene editing technologies were targeted to the first exon of each gene, to induce frameshifts producing premature termination codons. Unlike preexisting embryonic stem cell-based knockout mice, our mouse models are free from selectable markers or other external gene insertions, permitting more precise study of cell cycle-related diseases without confounding influences of foreign DNA.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2003

The emulsion stability of cosmetic creams based on the water-in-oil (W/O) high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) containing water, squalane oil and cetyl dimethicone copolyol was investigated with various compositional changes, such as electrolyte concentration, oil polarity and water phase volume fraction. The rheological consistency was mainly destroyed by the coalescence of the deformed water droplets. The slope change of complex modulus versus water phase volume fraction monitored in the linear viscoelastic region could be explained with the resistance to coalescence of the deformed interfacial film of water droplets in concentrated W/O emulsions: the greater the increase of complex modulus was, the more the coalescence occurred and the less consistent the emulsions were. Emulsion stability was dependent on the addition of electrolyte to the water phase. Increasing the electrolyte concentration increased the refractive index of the water phase, and thus decreased the refractive index difference between oil and water phases. This decreased the attractive force between water droplets, which resulted in reducing the coalescence of droplets and increasing the stability of emulsions. Increasing the oil polarity tended to increase emulsion consistency, but did not show clear difference in cream hardness among the emulsions.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.248-257
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• 2005

In this paper, we develop design procedures for carrier tracking loop for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems or other systems of blocked data. In such communication systems, phase error measurements are made infrequent enough to invalidate the traditional loop design methodology which is based on analog loop design. We analyze the degradation in the OFDM schemes caused by the tracking loop and show how the performance is dependent on the rms phase error, where we distinguished between the effect of the variance in the average phase over the symbol and the effect of the phase change over the symbol. We derive the optimal tracking loop including optional delay in the loop caused by processing time. Our solution is general and includes arbitrary phase noise apd additive noise spectrums. In order to guarantee a well behaved solution, we have to check the design against margin constraints subject to uncertainties. In case the optimal loop does not meet the required margin constraints subjected to uncertainties, it is shown how to apply a method taken from control theory to find a controller. Alternatively, if we restrict the solution to first or second order loops, we give a simple loop design procedure which may be sufficient in many cases. Extensions of the method are shown for using both pilot symbols and data symbols in the OFDM receiver for phase tracking. We compare our results to other methods commonly used in OFDM receivers and we show that a large improvement can be gained.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.96-102
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• 1998

In this study, the theory and application of phase-shifting shadow moire topography is focused on the non-contact measurement of object surfaces for practical use in the field of production engineering. Shadow moire topography has been studied during last few decades in the area of the optical physics, and now its mathmatical theory has been established. Generally, in case of the classical shadow moire topography, the sensitivity is a few tenths of millimeter in best cases. Here we tried the application of phase-shifting method to the conventional shadow moire topography. But the reference grating and the deformed grating are mutually dependent because it is impossible to obtain uniform phase shifts on the whole Held. Therefore it is difficult to use a phase-shifting method in shadow moire topography. However, it was shown that constant phase-shifting was able to be measured by moving both the grating and light source. Finally we obtained a better result by using this procedure and applied the phase-shifting shadow moire to three dimensional object measurement.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.378-384
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• 1999

Retinoic acid (RA) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) induce the differentiation of the multipotent embryonic carcinoma cell line, F9 cells, into parietal endoderm like cell. The F9 cells are highly proliferative doubling approximately 12 hourse. S Phase is predominant, lasting 10 hours and G2/M phase occupies most of the remaining cycle (2 hours) and G1 phase is nearly non-existent. In this study, we showed the effect of RA and dbcAMPon the cell cycle associated molecules (especially around G1 phase) during F9 cell differentiation. Differentiation of F9 cells was induced by the combined addition of RA ($10^{-7}M$) and dbcAMP (0.5mM), and cells were harvested daily up to 4 days. Flow cytometric analysis showed the prolongation of G1 phase around 30 hours after induction. Western blot analysis revealed that the amount of cyclin D1 and cdk2 were increased at day 4. However, histone H1 kinase activity of cdk2 was decreased. These data strongly suggest that RA and dbcAMP induce the growth arrest of F9 cells at G1 phase by decreasing the activity of cdk2, although they have increased the protein contents of cyclin D1 and cdk2. The reason for the discrepancy between the H1 kinase activity and protein contents are not clear yet.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.65-68
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• 1998

We construct the X-ray light curves of the W UMa type contact binary SS Arietis(HD12929) from the EXOSAT data in HEASARC data archive. The phase dependent X-ray light curves obtained by using the ephimeris of Kaluzny & Pojmanski of SS Ari is modulated on the orbital phase as in the case of other W UMa type binaries. Although a detailed analysis of these data is impossible because of the very low X-ray light curves in the context of the radiation in the corona region of W UMa type stars.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.382-385
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• 2000

A mathematical model was developed, based on the time dependent changes of the specific growth rate, for prediction of the typical microbial cell growth in batch cultures. This model could predict both the lag growth phase and the stationary growth phase of batch cultures, and it was tested with the batch growth of Trichoderma reesei and Lactobacillus delbrueckii.