• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.1227-1229
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• 2000

The output voltage of UPS must not vary according to the load variation But the output voltage varies due to the load variation when a PI voltage regulator is used which has inherently a static state error. This paper presents a static-error-free digital PID voltage regulator for an UPS inverter to overcome additionally the voltage unbalance problem in three Phase system as well as the above problem.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.215-226
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• 1999

The experimented rangefinder consist of sets of V/A-Code GPS and sets of L1 C/A-code & carrier phase receivers connected by two spread spectrum radio modems in order to measure relative range and bearing between two ship antennas by real time, comparing and analyzing accuracy of both GPS receivers at the fix point on the land by means of executing zero baseline test by C/A code and by carrier phase as well as measuring distance range 5m, 10m, 15m between each other receivers. The results from the measurement of relative range and bearing are as follows as ;1. According to the results from zero baseline test, the average error by C/A-code receiver is less than 0.1m, which proves theories from published books but when each GPS receivers track different satellites, the range accuracy error becomes up to 100m by means of S/A. Because of this sudden wide range error, rangefinder is not appropriate at relative range measurement without additional modification of the algorism of the GPS receiver itself.2. According to relative range measurement by Carrier Phase and zero baseline test at static condition, the range error is less than 3.5cm in case that it passes more than 5 minutes after GPS sets can track simultaneously more than 6 satellites. Its main reason is understood that the phase center of antenna is bigger than geodetic antenna.3. When range measurement of two receivers from 5m, to 10m to 15m, the each range error is 0.340m, 0.190m, 0.011m and each standard variation is 0.0973m, 0.0884m, 0.0790m. The range error and standard variation are in inverse proportion to distance between two receivers. 4. L1 Carrier Phase GPS generally needs 5 minutes to fix and during this ambiguity search, the relative range and bearing angle is shown to be various.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1991

The present work was aimed to examine the variation of precipitations and mechanical properties by thermomechanical treatments (TMT) in Al-2.19 wt%Li and Al-2.0 wt%Li-0.11 wt%Zr alloys. This study was performed by TEM, SEM observation, DSC, electrical resistance measurement, hardness and tensile strength measurement. First peak of resistivity aged at $90^{\circ}C$ was caused by precipitation of ${\delta}^{\prime}$-precursor phase, and second peak was caused by precipitation of ${\delta}^{\prime}$ phase. According to this result, the precipitation process of Al-2.19 wt%Li alloy was as follow : $SSSS{\rightarrow}{\delta}^{\prime}$-precursor phase ${\rightarrow}{\delta}^{\prime}$ (Coherent ${\rightarrow}$ Semi-coherent) ${\rightarrow}{\delta}$. In a Al-2.0 wt%Li-0.11 wt%Zr ternary alloy, the first peak of resistivity was appeared at initial aging heat-treatment. It is result from exsistant of ${\delta}^{\prime}$-precursor phase. The effect acceleration in a binary alloy was not appeared and the over-aging ternary alloy was accelerated with increase of the reduction rate. It is caused by combination effect of ${\delta}^{\prime}$ and composite phase.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2016

Purpose: It is to compare and evaluate the change of the wear rate and phase variation of the Zirconia before and after the sintering after the grinding by a high speed equipment manufactured for the Zirconia. Methods: The specimen of the sintered Zirconia was manufactured as size of $15mm{\times}15mm{\times}2mm$. The grinding has been applied to each of all pieces of each test groups for a minute fit for each condition at same speed of 50,000 rpm by a diamond bur at high speed handpiece with injection of the air and water. For the observation of the surface before and after the sintering of the each test piece, the cross section of it was observed as 100 magnification by a scanning electron microscope after it was coated by PT, and the diffraction analysis was performed by XDR to compare the crystal phase of the Zirconia. The average surface roughness value of all specimens were evaluated. The wear test was performed at room temperature by applying a load of 1kg for 120,000 cycles for the chewing period 6 months. Wear was analyzed for the enamel cusps by measurement of the vertical substance loss with a laser scanner. Conclusion: The phase variation from the tetragonal phase to the monoclinic phase was confirmed in the test group of the pre-sintered Zirconia after the grinding, and the value of the surface roughness and the wear rate was increased in experimental group.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2000

이 논문에서는 먼저 직접수열 부호분할 다중접속방식의 부호 획득 성능에 나머지 부호 위상차가 미치는 영향을 알아본다. 칩 주기로 정규화된 부호 위상차가 진행 단계 크기 안에 있을 때, 잡음이 없다면 두 연속적인 정합 여파기 출력의 합은 나머지 부호 위상차에 관계없이 일정한 값을 가진다. 이러한 사실을 바탕으로 새로운 부호 획득 방법을 제안하고 그 성능을 살펴본다. 제안한 부호 획득 방식을 분석하고, 모의실험으로 제안한 방법이 나머지 부호 위상차의 변화에 강인하고 이제까지의 방법보다 성능이 좋다는 것을 보였다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 소규모 처리공법으로서 질소와 인을 효율적으로 제거할 수 있으며, 관리 및 운전이 용이한 연속회분식반응조(SBR)공정의 영양염류 제거특성에 대하여 연구하였다. 특히, 질소의 탈질 및 인의 과잉섭취에 영향을 미치는, 무산소구간의 반복횟수에 따라 변화하는 용존산소, COD, 질소 및 인의 반응특성을 파악하여 SBR공정의 무산소-호기 구간반복에 따른 운전특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 이에 호기-무산소구간을 1~4회 반복하여 Run 1~4의 실험을 수행한 결과, 무산소구간의 반복횟수가 많아질수록 탈질을 위한 낮은 용존산소 유지가 어려운 것으로 나타났다. COD 제거율의 경우 운전에 상관없이 모두 91% 이상의 양호한 결과를 나타냈으나, 추가적인 무산소구간이 없을 때 효율이 약간 더 우수하였다. 질소제거에 있어서는 무산소구간이 2회 및 3회 반복되었을 때 약 68%의 높은 제거율을 나타냈으며, 배출되는 질소의 구성은 99% 이상이 $NOX^--N$ 이었다. 인 제거에 있어서는 무산소구간이 1회~3회 반복되었을 때 약 40%의 양호한 제거효율을 나타냈다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.228-231
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• 2009

Phase transition in ferroelectric polymer is very interesting behavior and has been widely studied for real device applications, such as actuators and sensors. Through the phase transition, there is structural change resulting in the change of electrical and optical properties. In this study, we fabricated the Febry-Perot interferometer with the thin film of ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) 50/50 mol% copolymer, and thermo-optical properties were investigated. The effective thermo-optical coefficient of P(VDF-TrFE) was obtained as $2.3{\sim}3.8{\times}10^{-4}/K$ in the ferroelectric temperature region ($45^{\circ}C{\sim}65^{\circ}C$) and $6.0{\times}10^{-4}/K$ in the phase transition temperature region ($65^{\circ}C{\sim}85^{\circ}C$), which is a larger than optical silica-fiber and PMMA. The resonance transmission peak of P(VDF-TrFE) with the variation of temperature showed hysteretic variation and the phase transition temperature of the polymer in heating condition was higher than in the cooling condition. The elimination of the hysteretic phase transition of P(VDF-TrFE) is necessary for practical applications of optical devices.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.94-102
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• 2003

본 논문은 고주파 전원에 사용되는 풀 브릿지 부하 병렬형 고주파 공진 인버터 회로를 연구대상으로 하고 출력제어기법으로는 펄스 주파수 변조(PFM, 펄스 폭 변조(PWM) 그리고 펄스 위상 변화(Phase-Shift)잎 경우를 비교 검토하였다. 회로의 해석은 정규화 파라메타를 도입하여 범용성 있게 기술하였고, 인버터 특성은 3가지 구동신호패턴에 의한 스위칭 주파수($\mu$), 펄스폭($\theta$d), Phase-Shift의 위상차각($\phi$)의 변화와 제 파라메타에 따라 특성 평가를 행하였다. 실험을 통해 이론해석의 타당성을 검증하였다. 향후, 3가지의 구동신호제어기법에 의한 특성들은 유도가열 응용, DC-DC 컨버터 등의 전원 시스템의 출력제어 시에 유용한 자료로 제공될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2017

제안된 가변 전력 분배기는 입력된 신호를 동일한 신호 전력으로 분배하는 2-way 윌킨슨 전력 분배기, 90도 위상변화가 가능한 두 개의 가변 위상 변환기, 두 개의 경로 신호를 결합하는 브랜치라인 커플러로 구성된다. 제안된 가변전력 분배기는 이론적으로 가변 위상 변환기의 90도 위상 변화에 의해 브랜치라인 커플러의 두 개 출력 단자에 ${\infty}:1$에서 ${\infty}:1$까지 전력 분배 비율로 출력할 수 있다. 제안된 가변 전력 분배기는 중심주파수 1.7 GHz에서 Taconic사의 TLX-9 20mil을 이용하여 제작해 동작 특성을 확인하였다. 제작된 회로는 1.7 GHz에서 두 개 출력 단자에 1:100에서부터 200:1까지 전력 분배 비율의 변화가 가능하였으며, 1.65-1.75 GHz 주파수 대역에서 다양한 전력 분배 비율에 대하여 입력 반사계수 약 -16 dB 이하, 삽입 손실 약 -1.0 dB, 두 출력 단자의 격리 특성 약 -17 dB 이하의 안정적인 특성을 보였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.519-526
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• 2006

In this study, the major operating factors in SND(simultaneous nitrification and denitrification) using bioreactor packed with submerged cilia media and granular sulfur such as variation of nitrification rate, organic matter removal efficiency and denitrification efficiency in different DO concentration were mainly evaluated. Synthetic wastewater and actual sewage were used as influent wastewater. Experiment with synthetic wastewater as influent wastewater was divided into three phases with the adjustment of DO concentration. As the results, nitrification efficiency and T-N removal efficiency in the Phase 3(DO 1.0~2.0 mg/L) were 99% and 52.3%, which is significantly greater than those in other two phases. Also, loading rate and denitrification efficiency of SCPGS(Submerged Cilia media Packed with Granular Sulfur) were calculated as $0.44kg\;NO_3^--N/m^3-day$ and 50%, respectively. On the other hand, nitrification rate was decreased from 99% to 64% according to the DO concentration with the variation from 3.0~3.5 mg/L(phase1) to 0.4~0.6mg/L(phase2). Although the nitrification rate was decreased in 64% according to the variation of the DO concentration, T-N removal rate was rapidly increased to 49% by increasing of the denitrification efficiency. Experiment with actual sewage as influent wastewater was carried out to evaluate efficiency of SCPGS in real operation condition of full-scale sewage water treatment plant. At the time, T-N removal rate in this experiment and full-scale wastewater treatment plants were given by 43% and 20%, respectively. The above results indicate that SCPGS can be used as an advanced treatment process for economical efficiency considered.