• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 2017

Cavitation is used in various fields. This study examined the drag reduction of an underwater vehicle using cavitation. In this study, the natural partial cavitation analysis results were verified using CFD code with the Navier-Stokes equation based on a mixture model. The momentum and continuity equations in the mixture phase were separately solved in the liquid and vapor phases. The solver employs an implicit preconditioning algorithm in curvilinear coordinates. The results of a computational analysis showed good agreement with the experiment. A computational analysis was also performed on the supercavity. The study investigated the cavity characteristics and drag of an underwater vehicle and studied the speed required to achieve a supercavity. Finally, a 1DOF analysis was carried out to investigate the thrust system for a supercavity. As a result, one of the methods for determining a suitable thrust system for a supercavitating underwater vehicle was presented.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.377-388
• /
• 1998

This double-blind controlled clinical and microbiological study was carried out to determine the effects of mouthwash preparation containing the mixture of herbal extract on developing plaque and gingivitis in the experimental gingivitis model. Following a 2-week normalization period, 34 dental students were distributed randomly into 1 of 3 treatment groups. They rinsed, under supervision, two times daily for 3 weeks with either normal saline(CT), 0.1% chlorhexidine(CH), or the mixture of herbal extract (HT), but refrained from any oral hygiene measures. The Plaque Index(PlI), the Gingival Index(GI), and the amount of Gingival Crevicular Fluid(GCF) were measured at week 0,1,2, and 3 of the experimental period, while the assessment of total wet weight of plaque and the phase contrast microscopic examination of plaque were performed at the end of experimental period(3 weeks). Subjects using mouthrinse preparation containing the mixture of herbal extract demonstrated negligible, if any, changes in the accumulation and microbial composition of plaque compared to those using normal saline, while the reduction of gingival inflammation by this mixture was highly significant and comparable to that of chlorhexidine. The results of this study indicate that the preparation containing the mixture of herbal extract do not provide any antiplaque benefits but is very effective in inhibiting the development of and in reducing existing experimental gingivitis when used as mouthrinse. Further research is needed to determine whether a significant reduction of gingival inflammation without a concomitant decrease in plaque accumulation is of clinical importance.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제14권10호
• /
• pp.844-853
• /
• 2002

A dynamic model which simulates the coupled heat and mass transfer within a vertical tube absorber was developed. The liquid film is a binary mixture of two components, and both of these components are present in the vapor phase. The pressure, concentration, temperature and mass flow rate of the vapor are obtained by assuming that the pressure is uniform within an absorber. The model was applied to an absorber for an ammonia/water absorption refrigerator. The transient behaviors of the pressure, the outlet temperature and the concentration of the solution and the cooling water outlet temperature on a step change at the absorber inlet of the cooling water temperature, the vapor mass flow rate and the concentration of the solution were shown.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.155-165
• /
• 2006

The present article describes the experimental and theoretical observations on the formation of holographic, polymer-dispersed, liquid crystals and electrically switchable, photonic crystals. A phase diagram of the starting mixture of nematic liquid crystal and photo-reactive triacrylate monomer was established by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and cloud point measurement. Photolithographic patterns were imprinted on the starting mixture of LC/triacrylate via multi-beam interference. A similar study was extended to a dendrimer/photocurative mixture as well as to a single component system (tetra-acrylate). Theoretical modeling and numerical simulation were carried out based on the combination of Flory-Huggins free energy of mixing and Maier-Saupe free energy of nematic ordering. The combined free energy densities were incorporated into the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (Model C) equations coupled with the photopolymerization rate equation to elucidate the spatio-temporal structure growth. The 2-D photonic structures thus simulated were consistent with the experimental observations. Furthermore, 3-D simulation was performed to guide the fabrication of assorted photonic crystals under various beam-geometries. Electro-optical performance such as diffraction efficiency was evaluated during the pattern photopolymerization process and also as a function of driving voltage.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제20권10호
• /
• pp.3361-3370
• /
• 1996

Micro-Macro approach is conducted for the mixture solidification to handle the closely linked phenomena of microscopic solute redistribution and macroscopic solidification behavior. For this purpose, present work combines the efficiency of mixture theory for macro part and the capability of microscopic analysis of two-phase model for micro part. The micro part of present study is verified by comparison with experiment of Al-4.9 mass% Cu alloy. The effect of back diffusion on the macroscopic variables such as temperature and liquid concentration, is appreciable. The effect, however, is considerable on the mixture concentration and eutectic fraction which are indices of macro and micro segregation, respectively. According to the diffusion time, the behavior near the cooling wall where relatively rapid solidification permits short solutal diffusion time, approaches Scheil equation limit and inner part approaches lever rule limit.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제20권11호
• /
• pp.3655-3665
• /
• 1996

An analytical solution is presented for the conduction-dominated solidification of a binary mixture in a semi-infinite medium. The present approach differs from that of other solution by these four characteristics. (1) Solid fraction is determined from the phase diagram, (2) thermophysical properties in mushy zone are weighted according to the local solid fraction, (3) non-equilibrium solidification can be simulated and (4) the cooling condition of under-eutectic temperature can be simulated. Up to now, almost all analyses are based on the assumption of constant properties in mushy zone and solid fraction linearly with temperature or length. The validation for these assumptions, however, shows that serious error is found except some special cases. The influence of microscopic model on the macroscopic temperature profile is very small and can be ignored. But the solid fraction and average solid concentration which directly influence the quality of materials are drastically changed by the microscopic models. An approximate solution using the method of weighted residuals is also introduced and shows good agreement with the analytical solution. All calculations are performed for NH$_{4}$Cl-H$_{2}$O and Al-Cu system.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.36-43
• /
• 1988

본 연구에서는 공기중에 석탄 또는 곡식가루 등과 같은 고체미립자가 섞여있는 반응물에서의 화염전파에 관한 모델을 수립하여 고체미립자 농도 및 가루의 입자크기 변화에 따른 화염전파 속도와 예열거리를 예측한다. 이와 아울러 모델을 수립함에 있어 화염면으로부터의 복사열 전달에 의한 고체입자의 가열, 고체입자로부터의 대류와 화염면으로부터의 전도에 의한 가열과 같은 고체와 기체간의 상호 열전달 관계를 밝히며, 최종적으로 이상유동에서의 화염전파에서 가장 중요한 요인을 밝히는데 목적이 있다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제50권7호
• /
• pp.1173-1183
• /
• 2018

Transient fluid velocity and pressure fields in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) steam generator (SG) secondary side during the blowdown period of a feedwater line break (FWLB) accident were numerically simulated employing the saturated water flashing model. This model is based on the assumption that compressed water in the SG is saturated at the beginning and decompresses into the two-phase region where saturated vapor forms, creating a mixture of steam bubbles in water by bulk boiling. The numerical calculations were performed for two cases of which the outflow boundary conditions are different from each other; one is specified as the direct blowdown discharge to the atmosphere and the other is specified as the blowdown discharge to an extended calculation domain with atmospheric pressure on its boundary. The present simulation results obtained using the two different outflow boundary conditions were discussed through a comparison with the predictions using a simple non-flashing model neglecting the effects of phase change. In addition, the applicability of each of the non-flashing water discharge and saturated water flashing models for the confirmatory assessments of new SG designs was examined.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.893-900
• /
• 1997

기상 재순환 평형조를 사용하여 대기압 이하의 여러 압력에서 glycerol-물 계에 대한 기-액 평형을 측정하였다. 이 연구에서 고려한 이성분계는 비등점 차이가 매우 큰 성분들로 구성되어 있다. 비등점의 차이가 큰 혼합물의 경우, 순수한 성분으로부터 유추할 수 있는 물리적 특성은 실제 혼합물의 특성과는 매우 다르므로 정확한 혼합물의 특성을 이해하지 않으면 안된다. 특히 비등점이 높은 성분의 액상농도가 증가하면 혼합물의 비등점이 급격하게 높아지는 현상이 일어난다. 그러므로 실제공정의 효율적 운전을 위해서는 비이상성 혼합물의 상평형에 관한 정보가 필수적이다. 측정한 기-액 평형 데이터는 UNIQUAC 모델을 이용하여 정확하게 상관관계 시킬 수 있었다. 또한, 데이터의 건전성을 확인하기 위하여 열역학적 건전성 테스트를 수행하였다.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.78-85
• /
• 2012

Cavitation causes a great deal of noise, damage to components, vibrations, and a loss of efficiency in devices, such as propellers, pump impellers, nozzles, injectors, torpedoes, etc., Thus, cavitating flow simulation is of practical importance for many engineering systems. In this study, a two-phase flow solver based on the homogeneous mixture model has been developed. The flow characteristics around an axisymmetric cylinder were calculated and then validated by comparing with the experimental results in the cavitation water tunnel at the Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute. The results show that this solver is highly suitable for simulating the cavitating flows. After the code validation, the cavity length with changes of water depth, angle of attack and velocity were obtained.. Cavitation inception was also calculated for various operational conditions.