• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2022

최근 COVID-19 이후 한시적 허용을 통해 증가하고 있는 비대면진료 플랫폼 기업에서 온라인 처방약 배송까지 함께 제공하는 경우가 증가하고 있어 이에 대한 기존 의약품공급자들의 우려가 커지는 가운데 적극적인 대응 움직임도 나타나고 있다. 본 연구에서는 게임이론의 시장 진입 저지 모형을 중심으로 기존 의약품공급자의 선제적 적극 대응이 성공적으로 시행될 수 있을 경우 온라인 의약품배송기업의 시장 진입을 억제할 수 있으나, COVID-19 이후 비대면진료의 한시적 허용에 따라 비대면진료 및 처방약 배송 플랫폼의 시장 진입이 효과적으로 이루어진 상황에서는 기존 의약품공급자의 수용적 대응이 보다 합리적인 선택이 될 수 있음을 보였다. 다만, 소비자 편이성 증대 방향의 소매 의약품유통시장 관련 제도 개선에 기존 의약품공급자들이 보다 전향적으로 협력할 수 있도록 온라인 처방약 배송 플랫폼 기업에 참여하는 약사들에 대해 일일 처방전 접수 건수에 상한선을 설정하는 방법, 의약품배송 약국 선택 시 기존 이용 약국 및 의료이용자의 거주지역 지역사회 약국이 우선 소개될 수 있도록 플랫폼 사용자 환경에 노출 방식 및 노출 시간 등을 조정하는 방안, 장기적으로 비대면진료 및 의약품배송 플랫폼 기업의 기업 공개 시 지역사회 약국 등이 자본 참여할 수 있는 방안 등이 고려될 필요가 있다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2023

우리나라는 2021년 기준 OECD 국가중 화학농약 사용량 3위로 농약사용의 개선이 필요하다. 특히 범국가적인 One Health 정책 관점에서 농작물에 사용되는 항생제 농약관리도 필요하다. 현재 시행중인 PLS, 판매관리인 교육 및 농약판매기록 제도들이 선정된 농약 사용의 안정성에 초점을 맞춘다면, 진단과 처방을 중심으로 한 식물의약사 제도는 농약 선정의 정확성을 높일 수 있는 제도이다. 국내 발생 병해충은 연간 1,000여종 이상이며, 하나의 고위험 병해충에 적용가능한 등록약제는 100~200개로 작용기작과 처리방법 측면에서 다양하다. 정확한 진단을 바탕으로 적합한 약제를 선정하는 처방은 수백종 이상의 병해충에 대한 전문지식과 다양한 약제에 대한 이해와 실무경험이 요구된다. 본 연구에서 농업인에 대한 설문조사 결과, 응답자중 81% 농업인이 농약구매와 사용에 대한 전문가의 도움이 필요하며, 이중 48% 농업인들은 매우 필요하다는 의견을 제시하였다. 판매관리인에 대한 설문조사 결과, 42%의 판매관리인이 진단 및 처방에 대한 전문성 강화가 절실함을 주장하였으며, 필요성을 인지하는 판매관리인도 44%로 확인되어, 전체적으로 42~86%의 판매관리인들이 진단 및 처방에 대한 전문성 강화에 관심이 있었다. 식물의약사 제도화 초기에 현장 경험이 많은 판매관리인을 제도권으로 수용할 수 있는 특별전형을 고려해야 한다. 병해충 종류별 등록된 농약의 저항성 수준을 자료화하고 효과적인 방제력을 구축하여 진단 및 처방의 정확성을 높여야 한다. 판매관리인은 식물의약사 자격을 경쟁 우의 차별화 전략으로 인식하고, 더 이상 판매관리인이 아니라 식물의약사로서 "믿음이 가는 식물의약사가 처방하는 농약"의 시장 포지셔닝을 통해 매출액 향상을 도모할 수 있다. 향후 법제화를 위한 관련법 개정, 전문성 강화 교육 커리큘럼, 자격제도 운영에 대한 실무적인 논의가 필요하다. 식물의약사 제도화를 통해 판매관리인의 전문성을 상향 평준화 함으로서 농업 현장의 병해충 진단 및 처방 기술을 선진화하고, 국민의 건강과 직결되는 합리적인 농약 사용을 위해 노력해야 한다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.499-510
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• 2007

This study examined the intake patterns and information-seeking behaviors of elderly individuals with regard to health foods, according to sociodemograhic characteristics, awareness of health, and concerns and awareness about health foods. The data were collected from 421 elderly living in Seoul, Busan, Daegue, Daejon, and Gwangju, between January 17th and February 23rd, 2006. Frequencies and chi-square tests were conducted using SPSS Windows. The results are as follows: The respondents were highly concerned about their own health as well as health foods, and individuals primarily took nutritional supplements and glucosamine containing products. In addition, they had taken various health-improving foods. Most had intentionally consumed at least one health food, in order to maintain a condition of health. According to chi-square tests, women were more likely to consume health foods than men. The most important sources of information regarding health foods were family, relatives, and friends. Some respondents answered they had difficulties in obtaining and understanding health food-related information. Many respondents desired to get health food information regarding efficacy from TV, radio, and newspapers, as well as doctors, pharmacists, and dieticians.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.44-64
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• 2004

As of 1 July 2000 a big reform was introduced into the Korean health care system: the separation between prescribing and dispensing of drugs (SPD reform). There was, however, a big financial stake associated with pharmaceuticals, particularly before the reform, because physicians as well as pharmacists were allowed to purchase drugs at much lower costs than the insurance reimbursement. In this respect, this study focuses on the change in income and profit of both doctor's clinics and pharmacies after the reform. Data from National Health and Nutritional Survey by the ministry of health and welfare were used to estimate the income or expenditure that are financed by out-of-pocket payment of the patients, while national health insurance data etc. were used for the estimation of the income or expenditure that is financed by insurers. Average annual income per doctor's clinic increased from 299 million won to 338 million won for the three years between 1998 and 2001, whereas average annual income per pharmacy increased enormously from 60 million won to 305 million won for the same period. Average annual 'profit' increase per each doctor's clinic caused by the reform itself was estimated to range from 50 to 83 million won, while that per each pharmacy, from 23 to 87 million won. In sum, while both doctor's clinics and pharmacies are beneficiaries of the SPD reform, its positive impact is particularly prominent on the latter.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.334-343
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aims to investigate consumers' demand of and perspective on drug information domestically available and uncover hurdles that they faced while utilizing information. Methods: We conducted a survey of 101 consumers, face-to-face after obtaining informed consent. Chi-squared, or Fisher's exact tests, and multivariate logistic models were used to investigate the association between participants' perceptions and characteristics. Results: As results, participants showed the highest demand for "Adverse effects >90%"; "Drug interactions/Dosage/Drug-food interactions/Indication >80%", and utilized package inserts (52%), doctors (41%) and pharmacists (36%) most often as information sources. Generally, the most common difficulty consumers suffered with was that "it is hard to understand (51%)". With public sources of drug information, sixty one percent of participants were "unaware of the provision of information", resulting in strikingly low usage rates (5~11%). Subgroup analyses indicated that the older (${\geq}50$ years) and the disadvantaged might have been placed in the blind spot of information mostly developed online (p<0.05).Conclusion: In conclusion, public sources of drug information that have been developed online might fail to meet consumers' demand. Greater efforts should be made to balance the development of the information sources between online and offline, and to increase accessibility of the established information sources.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.22-32
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• 1997

The gastrointestinal disorders (GI disorders) is one of the most common diseases in Korea. The community pharmacists are often faced with the complaints of symptoms due to the GI disorders. However the drugs used to treat the GI disorders are frequently abused by the patients themselves because these drugs are easily available and have high placebo effects. Therefore, we have reviewed the digestive diseases statistics of 1996 to find out the frequencies of the GI disorders in the outpatients of Samsung Medical Center. Using these statistic data, we figured out the frequently diagnosed GI disorders and analysed commonly used prescriptions from February 1st to 28th of 1997. In addition, we also evaluated the commonly used drugs in these prescriptions. About twenty thousands of patients visited the hopital because of their GI symptoms in 1996. It was found that dyspepsia, viral hepatitis, and gastric and duodenal ulcer disease are frequently diagnosed in these patients. In a point of view on other GI disorders, gastritis and duodenitis, irritable bowel syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease, constipation and diarrhea were commonly detected. And a number of drugs were prescribed to treat the GI disorders, which included the prokinetics, Histamine-2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitor, antacids, tranquillizers, antidepressants, antispasmodics, laxatives and so on. Interestingly, there were many prescriptions composing of the antibiotic regimens to eradicate H. pylori which has been proven to cause peptic ulcers.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2000

This study is intended to investigate medication compliance and polypharmacy of the diabetic patients by age group in order to determine the major factors that influence their compliance. 198 ambulatory diabetic patients were interviewed, and the sample was divided into three groups based on the age: Young age group under 55, Borderline age group between 55 - 65, Old age group over 65. According to the study results, medication compliance for the old age group was 72.6% whereas 85.1% for the young age group. Medication compliance significantly decreased as the age of the patients increased. Also the degree of polypharmacy, the rate which patients take more than 6 prescription drugs, was 45.9% for the old group, whereas 31.2% for the young group. As the most important factor of polypharmacy, the number of doctors was statistically significant. With regard to prescription factors related to medication compliance, the amount of prescribed medication is statistically significant between the compliance group and non-compliance group. In addition, the amount of information provided to patients by pharmacists was determined to be a very significant factor. Also the level of ease in understanding the medication instructions varied significantly between the compliance group and the non-compliance group. In light of the empirical data and results for the diabetic patients, it is necessary to develop and implement various programs to improve medication compliance and to decrease the level of polypharmacy among the elderly, or "old", diabetic patients. patients.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2011

Medication adherence is an important public health issue. This study is conducted to explore non-adherence of elderly with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus and to better understand its' influencing factors. To explore non-adherence, 605 elderly patients in community were surveyed with Modified Morisky Scale (MMS), from Aug 18 to Sept 19, 2008. MMS is designed to predict medication-taking behavior and outcomes, and also to explain persistence of the patient's long-term continuation of therapy, which is a significant factor in the long-term management of chronic diseases. Also, MMS is designed to classify patients into a high/low continuum for knowledge and motivation. Patients self reported medication adherence were average 4.66 with MMS (range 0-6), only 78% of patients hold high motivation of medication adherence although 95.5% of patients hold high knowledge of medication adherence. This study explores which factors influence to high motivation of medication adherence and it proved that patients' participation in work, education level, participation in private health insurance, number of medication and medication frequency per day, pharmacists' explanation, experience of non adherence due to cost are important factors to explain high motivation of medication adherence of elderly with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2019

The study aims to identify the role of transformational leadership toward work performance through intrinsic motivation in pharmaceutical field by a survey of 220 pharmacists in Vietnam. The pharmaceutical industry in Vietnam is experiencing rapid growth, accompanied by the need for a change in leadership for managers. The transformational leadership creates a proactive, positive attitude, passion, interest or an increase in intrinsic motivation of employees, thereby affecting work performance. This study performed reliable verification by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, then the factors are analyzed by EFA before conducting multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that the transformational leadership style includes such factors as: idealized influence (attributed and behavior), inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration have a positive impact on intrinsic motivation and thereby positively affecting work performance. It confirms that employees will have a higher intrinsic motivation level when working under transformational leadership from their leaders. It makes employees work more efficiently. According to the research results, the pharmacist has an intrinsic motivation to work hard on tasks that contribute to the group overall goal of. That requires managers to have a task assignment strategy to connect the goals of the members together as well as of the members to the group.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.881-892
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• 1998

This study attempts to identify attitudes of community leaders toward mental illness in order to obtain useful information concerning the planning of community mental health services. The community sample consists of 50 community leaders including, civil servants, doctors, herb doctors, school nurses, counselors, village leaders, pharmacists, and pastors. Individuals were asked to give demographic data, their personal attitudes toward mental illness' etiology & prognosis, and toward neighbors who are psychiatric patients. The interview with open questions was used to collect data. According to the study community leaders 82% believed that mental illness could be treated, 66% believed that mental illness was caused by genetic factors and environmental stress, and 76% had negative impressions about mentally ill people such as fear, seclusion, asylum, also crime. Only 28% of mentally ill people were accepted as neighbors in community. 52% of community leaders rejected opening of mental hospital, and thought that the Chunchon community needed facilities such as group homes, or day care centers (30%), however, 34% of the leaders they didn't recognize community mental health. These findings suggest that mental health professionals need to pay special attention to change the attitude of Chunchon community leaders and mental health institutions need to a develop mental health education program for community leaders.