• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.18 no.8
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This paper addresses issues that concern business-to-business marketing, namely informational justice in the supply chain or organizations. As previously reported by other studies, there is information asymmetry in organizations. The present study explores and addresses this in the medical industry, aiming to investigate how informational justice relates to information quality or logistics performance in the medical industry. This study also suggests a method for development of informational justice in medicine-related fields. Design, methodology, approach: The hypothesis and model were developed through a review of the literature. To this end, we surveyed 293 valid survey samples collected from occupational pharmacists and used structural equation modelling for analysis. Findings: The results of the empirical analysis of the hypotheses showed that symmetric sharing of information between pharmacists and employees of pharmaceutical companies has a positive effect on the perceived quality. Moreover, the results showed that quality information has a positive impact on logistics performance, whereas informational justice does not. Conclusions, implications: If information and explanations are exchanged fairly, information and logistics performance-as well as operational expenses-will be enhanced. Furthermore, our study has immense implications outside of academic applications since it suggests practical solutions to government and medical industry employees.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.347-352
• /
• 2011

Health insurance review & Assessment service (HIRA) has enforced cutting the drug costs when physicians prescribe split extended release drugs, starting from December, 2010. The objective of this study is to analyze extended release and enteric coated drugs on pharmaceutical reimbursement list in Korea, and to investigate the impact and barriers of the health insurance review on splitting extended-release formulation drugs. By using the ingredient code, extended release and enteric coated formulations make up 7.8% of all drugs in April, 2011. The most frequently used drugs are agent affecting circulatory and digestive system. From the extended release and enteric coated formulations (n=112), 34.8% (n=39) were not available in other dosage forms. According to questionnaire survey for 169 pharmacists (response rate: 73.8%), the rate of splitting and crushing of extended release and enteric coated drugs decreased. When pharmacists correct physician's prescription errors, the biggest problem was lack of other dosage forms. So it is necessary to develop variety of other dosage forms, and computerized checking system for splitting extended-release drugs. It is also important to inform physicians and patients in regard to the problems of split prescription of extended release and enteric coated drugs.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.81-85
• /
• 2023

Background: It was to describe collaborative educational efforts under Coronavirus disease 2019 period to advocate pharmacy-based immunization delivery and meet unmet needs of partnership institution using virtual learning platforms. Methods: A partnership was established among three pharmacy schools from two countries. The class content included the history of pharmacy immunization, pharmacists' roles and contribution to public health of the USA. The class also reviewed the value of pharmacists as frontline healthcare workers to foster student insights and the scope of pharmacy. The virtual class featured an interactive video simulation and small breakroom discussion besides a lecture. Results: Participants indicated that public accessibility to pharmacy and six-year education system in South Korea as advantages. However, legislative restrictions, pharmacist burden, and interprofessional disagreements were expressed as barriers to introduce the pharmacist immunization. Conclusion: A virtual learning platform was used to advocate for pharmacy-based immunization and fulfilled an unmet educational gap at a partnership institution.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.26 no.1 s.41
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 1993

Mail questionnaire was administrated to 370 practising physicians and 388 pharmacists in Taegu city selected by systematic sampling to examine utilization states and opinion of pharmacy under medical care insurance programme and the attitude to the functional division between physicians and pharmacists from April to May 1992. Regarding the opinion on the outcome of drug-store under medical insurance, 71.2 percent of practicing physician answered faliure but 13.4 percent of practicing pharmacists answered failure in contrast. Fifty percent of practicing physician asserted introducing functional division between physician and pharmacist while 66.9 percent of practicing pharmacist answered drug-store under medical insurance itself is sucessful programme. Average daily numbers of preparation of medicine was 32.2 case. Percentage of utilization of drug-store under medical issurance to average daily cases of preparing of medicine was 20 percent, percentage of utilization with physician's prescription was 0.7 percent. And 58.7 percent of practicing physician experienced outside the institute prescription. Regarding the opinion on the pros and cons of enforcing functional division between physician and pharmacist, 59.2 percent of practicing physician prefered pros and 17.7 percent cons, but 38 percent of practicing pharmacist prefered pros and 45.5 percent cons. And pharmacist knew better the content of functional division between physician and pharmacist than physician. As a reason for pros of enforcing functional division between physician and pharmacist, practicing physician emphasized to prevent misuse or abuse of medicine but practicing pharmacist emphasized to display physician and pharmacist's professional ability. And as an opinion on implementation style of functional division between physician and pharmacist in pros respondents, practicing physician favored mandatory enforcement (52.3%), while practicing pharmacist favored partial incomplete functional division (81.7%). As the method of prescription if functional division between physician and pharmacist will be enforced, both practicing physician and pharmacist prefered generic name (44.0%, 89%) mostly, but physician prefered brand name (35.3%) secondly. Regarding the reason for not implementing functional division between physician and pharmacist up to date, both physician and pharmacist answered problem of business right between physician and pharmacist, followed by lack of recognition, and interest of people and lack of the govermental willness. Regarding the opinion on prior decision of condition for enforcing functional division between physician and pharmacist, practicing physician and pharmacist named uneven distribution of medical facilities and drug-store between rural and urban, inequality of physician and pharmacist manpower and the problem of manpower demand and supply mostly, and practicing physician pointed out establishing attitude of acceptance on the part of pharmacist and practicing pharmacist favored establishing attitude of acceptance on the part of physician, which was different attitudes between physician and pharmacist. Following conclusion was reached ; 1. Current drug-store under medical insurance program yield insufficient outcome, so we should consider program conversion from drug-store under medical insurance program to functional division between physician and pharmacist. 2. There were problem of business right and conflicts between physician and pharmacist at enforcing functional division between physician and pharmacist, so the goverment should search for formulating plan to resolve the problem and have neutral willness for the protection of the national health.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.58 no.5
• /
• pp.349-356
• /
• 2014

With the advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), the perceptions of HIV therapy have changed from treating acute and terminal diseases to managing complex chronic diseases. Due to needs for specialists with professional knowledge on anti-retroviral therapies, pharmacists have been recognized as established and integral members in HIV multi-disciplinary care teams. Nevertheless, the roles of Korean pharmacists for HIV/AIDS therapy were highly limited. According to the transition of '2+4'-year pharmacy school curricula in Korea, it is necessary for pharmacy students to possess improved knowledge about and proper attitudes toward HIV/AIDS as future pharmacists. However, there have been little studies regarding the assessment of HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions of pharmacy students in Korea. Thus, this study was to examine Korean pharmacy students' knowledge levels, attitudes, and risk perceptions about HIV/AIDS and compare them according to pharmacy educational systems. The self-reported questionnaire was utilized to collect data. Total 238 students responded to the survey questionnaires. Most pharmacy students who participated in this study knew that the main transmission routes of HIV were unprotected sex, unscreened blood, occupational exposure, and intravenous drug use. However, they did not properly know post exposure prophylaxis for HIV. The pharmacy students under '2+4'-year curricula were more competent with treatment, care, counseling for HIV patients than those under 4-year curricula. Most pharmacy students thought that all healthcare students and professionals should receive mandatory HIV testings. The results from this study may contribute to developing new educational programs about HIV/AIDS. Additionally, further studies regarding the changes of Korean pharmacy students' attitudes and risk perceptions will need to be performed after they participate in these kinds of the programs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Health-System Pharmacists
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.418-429
• /
• 2018

Background : To improve medication adherence in elderly patients, the role of pharmacists in teambased services has been highlighted in the literature. However, not much is known about the role and the service elements involved in comprehensive geriatric programs in South Korea. This study was designed to describe the current status of medication adherence in geriatric patients based on the comprehensive geriatric assessment program and analyze the predictive factors for medication adherence in a tertiary teaching hospital. Methods : A retrospective cohort study was performed using electronic medical records of 247 patients from March 1st, 2015 to August 31st, 2015. Medication adherence and the types of non-adherence were also collected. Predictive factors for adherence were evaluated by including factors related to demographics, medications, illness, and patterns of medical usage. Results : The mean age of the study population was 81.2 years (range 65~98 years) and they were taking 9.7 drugs on an average (SD 5.0 drugs). The overall rate of non-adherence was 34%. About 48% of the patients had any forms of assistance in the medication administration. The most common type of non-adherence was "self-adjustment". The multivariate analyses revealed that age (adjusted odds ratio, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.80-0.96]; p 0.05) and the number of inappropriate medications (adjusted odds ratio, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.40-0.89]; p 0.05) were strong predictors for non-adherence. Conclusions : These results indicate that strategic considerations of the predictors of non-adherence should be improved in medication counseling services targeting elderly patients.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 1993

For prevention of hospital infection, selection of adequate disinfectants by clinical pharmacist is very important role in hospital pharmacy and for performing this role, pharmaceutical, chemical and microbial knowledge of disinfectants and nosocomial microorganism are required to hospital pharmacists. Therefore, to make sure of guideline for choice of disinfectants, author clarifies the distinctive character of disinfectants which are supplied to clinical departments and wards from hospiatal pharmacy in Korea and arrange the specific attention for use of each disinfectants

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.10b
• /
• pp.71.2-72
• /
• 2003

This presentation is to enhance the pharmacist's role in Over-The-Counter(OTC) drug selection and patient counseling for diversification of pharmacy management after the separation of prescribing and dispensing practice in Korea. Self-medication by OTC drugs may be viewed as one element of the broader self-care treatment. The patient may use a OTC drug to manage a minor ailment, a process that may be supported by counseling from a pharmacist. Pharmacists involved in self-medication decisions have a greater involvement with patients and an enhanced professional role. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.237-242
• /
• 2011

This study measures seriousness of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among Korean physicians and pharmacists using two times surveys based on Delphi technique. Each participant scored 20 ADR terms on a scale of one to ten (10 being the most serious). We repeated the exercise for the 49 first survey respondents and 32 re-evaluated score. We compared the results of our survey with those of WHO CIOMS (Council for International Organization of Medical Sciences) working groups members conducted in 1995. The overall mean ADR seriousness score was 6.49 for Koreans and 5.12 for WHO CIOMS members, presenting Korean experts perceived more seriously for each ADR. Mean score changes for the same respondents showed similar trends regardless of access to the first survey results. There were no statistically significant score differences between the physicians and the pharmacists. The high consensus of seriousness for each ADR between the Korean experts and the WHO CIOMS members implies that the similar results are reproducible, suggesting the possibility of developing standardized tools for measuring the seriousness of individual ADRs in the future.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.238-249
• /
• 2017

Background: Currently establishment of public pharmaceutical companies became an issue for securing stable supply of national essential drugs in order to respond appropriately to national public health crisis. Pharmacy students as future pharmacists need to be interested in drug related issues under the discussion in our society. This study aimed to investigate perceptions of pharmacy students on the national drug supply strategy through public pharmaceutical companies. Methods: A 20-items questionnaire designed for this study was used. Pharmacy students nationwide were enrolled in July 2017. They responded to questions through on-line survey program. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results: 160 students from 26 pharmacy schools participated. 5th and 6th grade students accounted for two-thirds, and one third aspired future jobs in pharmaceutical industry. Among responders, 71.3% was unaware of current national essential drugs, 52.5% did not know the Rare and Essential Drug Center, and 91.9% was unaware of the legislation on the supply and management of essential drugs. 82.5% favored the establishment of public pharmaceutical companies. 80.6% agreed that government should intervene in pharmaceutical market for ensuring drug accessibilities, 73.8% agreed that public pharmaceutical companies make possible to reach a goal of stable supply of pharmaceuticals, and 85.1% agreed that active compulsory license by public pharmaceutical companies is necessary. Conclusion: We found that pharmacy students recognized the need for governmental control to achieve social values of pharmaceuticals. More attention and participation of the pharmacy students as well as pharmacists in the process of national debate on public pharmaceutical companies are expected.