• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.2007-2010
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• 2009

Donepezil hydrochloride is a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease to improve the cognitive performance. It shows different crystalline forms including hydrates. Therefore, it is very important to confirm the polymorphic forms in the formulations of pharmaceutical materials because polymorphs of the same drug often exhibit significant differences in solubility, bioavailability, processability and physical/chemical stability. In this paper, four different forms of donepezil hydrochloride were prepared and characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This study showed that solid-state NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique for obtaining structural information and the polymorphology of pharmaceutical solids.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.538-544
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• 2008

Activated protein C (APC) is thought to exert antiinflammatory activities through the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR)-dependent cleavage of protease activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) in endothelial cells. Since thrombin cleaves PAR-1 with $\sim$3-4-orders of magnitude higher efficiency, and PAR-1 is a target for proinflammatory activities of thrombin, it is not understood how APC can elicit protective responses through the cleavage of PAR-1. In this study, we demonstrate that EPCR is associated with caveolin-1 in endothelial lipid rafts, but its occupancy by protein C leads to its dissociation from caveolin-1 and subsequent recruitment of PAR-1 to protective signaling pathways through the coupling of PAR-1 to Gi-protein. When EPCR is bound by protein C, the PAR-1-dependent protective response in endothelial cells can be mediated by either thrombin or APC. These results provide a new paradigm for understanding the mechanism through which PAR-1 and EPCR participate in cellular signaling events in endothelial cells.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.93-117
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• 2024

In February 2022, the EU announced a draft of the EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive requiring due diligence and disclosure of information on environmental and human rights risks in corporate supply chains. This study evaluated the ability of 13 Korean pharmaceutical/bio companies to respond to the EU's demand for due diligence in the supply chain and compared it to 13 globally leading pharmaceutical/bio companies which are considered good in environmental and human rights risk management. For comparative analysis, text mining analysis was performed using R. Basic word frequency and concurrent words were analyzed and topic modeling was performed by applying Latent Dirichlet Allocation. As a result of the analysis, it was found that compared to advanced companies, domestic pharmaceutical and bio companies lack negative issue reporting and identification systems and supply chain due diligence implementation processes, and require advancement of data management for environmental and human rights information disclosure. Accordingly, domestic pharmaceutical and bio companies need to prepare differentiated support measures to systematically identify and reduce risks in the supply chain of small and medium-sized businesses beyond simply providing financial support. It is also desirable for the government to provide policy support by mandating Korea's own supply chain environment and human rights due diligence system, along with support for strengthening the ability to respond to due diligence of domestic pharmaceutical and bio companies, such as expert consulting and financial support.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.200.3-200.3
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• 2003

Reactive oxygen species(ROS) are produced at a high rate continuously as a by-product of aerobic metabolism. Several lines of evidence provided that ROS appears to cause to develop aging and various diseases. High level of hyaluronic acid with decreased molecular weight has been detected in patients with inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. Hyaluronidase is an endohexosaminidase that initiates the degradation of hyaluronic acid with high molecular weight. Prunus persica Batsch var. davidiana Maximowicz has been known as a korean folk medicine for treatment of neuritis and rheumatism. (omitted)

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

K-$BEtest^{(R)}$ is a well known program for bioequivalence test using a $2{\times}2$ design. Lee et al.(1998) and Park et al.(1999) suggested a $3{\times}3$ and $3{\times}2$ design, and also discussed their benefits. We developed a computer program, called BioEquiv, which can analyze some complex experimental designs such as, $3{\times}3$ design and $3{\times}2$ design including a standard $2{\times}2$ design. This program is a user-friendly one and overcomes the disadvantages of K-$BEtest^{(R)}$. The detailed statistical formula and structure of BioEquiv are presented with some examples. The comparison between K-$BEtest^{(R)}$ and BioEquiv are given with actual data analysis. BioEquiv is able to present a table of ANOVA test over some complex experimental designs. Moreover K-$BEtest^{(R)}$ and BioEquiv draw the same result when data consists of $2{\times}2$ design.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2021

Ironically, marine bioresource production in Chungnam Province is the second-largest in the country. The province's marine bioresource production puts its lack of a marine bioindustry in the spotlight despite the region's favorable conditions to produce representative value-added and (ultra) high value-added products such as neutraceutical and/or pharmaceutical function. This juxtaposition is to be expected, as there are no institutions for training professionals in the field of marine biology or in the fisheries industry in the West Sea area. The unique features of the region require individuals with specialized training who have been educated in accordance with regional development and the specificity of the region. Recently, however, a plan has been initiated at the national level to foster the growth of the marine biology industry in the Chungnam Province on Korea's west coast. This plan includes increasing funds to the marine biology market to 1.2 trillion by 2030. If the Chungnam region wants to successfully revitalize the marine biology industry and put the increased funds to efficient use, it must first establish various research and (business) development (R&(B)D) plans regarding local marine biology infrastructures and marine biology programs at local universities. It must also focus on training specialists to protect, maintain, and develop the region's marine bio-resources to increase the growth of the region's bioindustry.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2004

The union of information-technology and biology presents great possibilities to both applications of bio-information and development of science and technology. Also, meaningful analysis of bio-information brings about a new innovation in the field of bio-market with the advent and growth of bioinformatics. Hence, bioinformatics is the most import aspect for establishing a science-technology-oriented society in the $21^{st}$ century. This article provides trends in current state of bioinformatics. Technological development of bioinformatics for the rapid growth of bio-industry means that using bioinformatics, a biologist can process and store enormous amount of data such as current Human Genome Project and future data in the field of biology. We have manly looked at the tends of bio-information, databases and mining tools that are generally used, and strategies and directions for the future.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.275-290
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• 2014

The marine ecosystem represents a vast and dynamic array of bio-resources attributed with its huge diversity and considered as potential untapped reservoirs for the development of functional foods for future health markets. Basically, marine microorganisms, sponges, algae, invertebrates such as crustaceans and mollusks along with marine fish species can be considered as marine bio-resources, which can be utilized to obtain different health benefits for humans, directly or after processing. Most of the bio-molecular components, such as lipids and proteins from these marine bio-resources, which can be extracted in large scale using the modern and advanced biotechnological approaches, are suitable drug candidates for the pharmaceutical industry as well as functional food ingredients for the food industry. Moreover, the furtherance of high throughput molecular biological techniques has already been incorporated with identification, mining and extraction of molecular components from marine bio-resources. In this review, potential marine bio-resources with respect to their extractable bio-molecules were described in details, while explaining the present and prospective methods of identification and extraction, which are integrated with advanced techniques in modern biotechnology. In addition, this provides an overview of future trends in marine biotechnology.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1807-1811
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• 2010

In order to evaluate estrogenic compounds in brown algae, an in vitro test system for the verification of estrogenic activity was applied. Fractions from ethanol extracts of each brown alga were prepared by a systematic fractionation procedure with solvents such as $H_2O$, hexane, butanol and methanol. Aqueous fractions of brown algae showed the highest estrogenic activities. Estrogenic activities of $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ aqueous fractions of Undaria pinnatifida and Laminaria japonica showed almost the same strength as that of $10^{-7}\;M$ standard solution ($17{\beta}$-estradiol). Furthermore, estrogenic activities of $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ aqueous fractions of Ecklonia stolonifera and Porphyra suborbiculate represented higher activities than that of $10^{-8}\;M$ $17{\beta}$-estradiol. These observations suggest that aqueous fractions of all these brown algae are expected to possess estrogenic compounds and could be developed as estrogenic agents for postmenopausal disorder.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to characterize the putative anxiolytic-like effects of the 70% ethanol extract of Portulaca oleracea (EPO) using an elevated plus maze (EPM) in mice. The EPO was orally administered at 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg to ICR mice, 1 h before the behavioral evaluation in the EPM, respectively. Control mice were treated with an equal volume of 10% tween 80, and positive control mice with diazepam (1 mg/kg). Single treatments of the EPO significantly increased the percentage of time spent and arm entries into the open arms of the EPM versus controls (P < 0.05). Moreover, there were no changes in the locomotor activity and myorelaxant effects in any group compared with the saline controls. In addition, the anxiolytic-like effects of the EPO were blocked by flumazenil (10 mg/kg, i.p), a $GABA_A$ antagonist not by WAY 100635 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p), a 5-$HT_{1A}$ receptor antagonist. These results indicate that P. oleracea is an effective anxiolytic agent, and suggest that the anxiolytic-like effects of P. oleracea is mediated via the GABAergic nervous system.