• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.363-369
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• 2009

High oil price and biodiesel expansion lead the surplus of glycerol in the market. Glycerol has been used as a raw material itself at petroleum chemistry, paint, tobacco, household products and cosmetics in the conventional market. Recently, many research to find new applications of glycerol as a low-cost feedstock for functional derivatives have led to the introduction of a number of selective processes for converting glycerol into commercially value-added products. The recent studies on the development of new value-added glycerol derivatives will be reviewed.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.314-326
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the ingredients used in ten consumer product categories and determine hazardous substances among these ingredients. Methods: A total of 542 commercial products in ten consumer product categories were selected. The consumer products were sticker removers, washing machine cleaners, multi-purpose cleaners, mold removers, glass cleaners, chlorinated sanitizers, air conditioner cleaners, disposal cleaners, drain cleaners and disinfectant sprays. The company list was complied from governmental records and a market survey. The respective companies were contacted for a list of ingredients found in the 542 products. Results: The corresponding companies listed 163 ingredients. According to European Union (EU) Directive 67/548/EEC, 38 of the 163 ingredients were classified as dangerous substances. Among these substances, 28 ingredients were hazardous to the skin, 15 were hazardous to the eye, and nine were hazardous if inhaled. Three ingredients were classified as CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic for reproduction) substances: liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) with carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, and VM&P naphtha and ligroine with carcinogenicity. Conclusion: Various chemicals, including hazardous substances, were used in consumer products. Risk assessment of consumer products is required in order to protect the population from health risks.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.40
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• pp.33-63
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• 2008

This study introduces the adoption of the logistics industry by the Korean government as a threshold of overcoming economic difficulties. The core contents of the National Logistics Plans (2001-2020) which contain the basic principles of the logistics policies of the Korean government and its aim to be an 'Excellent Nation of Logistics' is introduced. The economic effect of the logistics policies implemented between 2001 and 2005, (the period of the first Medium-term Logistics Plan according to the National Logistics Plans (2001-2020) set up by the Korean government at the end of 2000) is estimated through input-output analysis. The input-output analysis result is as follows: the total output effect is 8,856 billion won of which indirect output effect is 3,982.9 billion won; indirect output effect comes mainly from real estate and business services, non-metal products, metal products, electrical and electronics products, finance and insurance, wholesale and retail, petroleum and coal; the total amount of value-added effect is 3,376 billion won and total import effect is 726 billion won. Employment effect including self-employed and unpaid family supporters with paid laborers is 79,203.7 people of which paid laborers comprise 67,547.7 people.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.340-360
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• 2010

The depletion of fossil fuels, ecological problems associated with $CO_2$ emissions climate change, growing world population, and future energy supplies are forcing the development of alternative resources for energy (heat and electricity), transport fuels and chemicals: the replacement of fossil resources with $CO_2$ neutral biomass. Several options exist to cover energy supplies of the future, including solar, wind, and water power; however, chemical carbon source can get from biomass only. When used in combination with environmental friend production and processing technology, the use of biomass can be seen as a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical feedstocks. The biorefinery concept is analogous to today's petroleum refinery, which produce multiple fuels and chemical products from petroleum. A biorefinery is a facility that integrates biomass conversion processes and equipment to produce fuels, power, and value-added chemicals from biomass. Biorefinery is the co-production of a spectrum of bio-based products (food, feed, materials, and chemicals) and energy (fuels, power, and heat) from biomass [definition IEA Bioenergy Task 42]. By producing multiple products, a biorefinery takes advantage of the various components in biomass and their intermediates therefore maximizing the value derived from the biomass feedstocks. A biorefinery could, for example, produce one or several low-volume, but high-value, chemical or nutraceutical products and a low-value, but high-volume liquid transportation fuel such as biodiesel or bioethanol. Future biorefinery may play a major role in producing chemicals and materials as a bridge between agriculture and chemistry that are traditionally produced from petroleum. Industrial biotechnology is expected to significantly complement or replace the current petroleum-based industry and to play an important role.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.197-204
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• 2012

The vast stores of biomass available in the worldwide have the potential to displace significant amounts of fuels that are currently derived from petroleum sources. Fast pyrolysis of biomass is one of possible paths by which we can convert biomass to higher value products. The wood pyrolysis oil (WPO), also known as the bio crude oil (BCO), has been regarded as an alternative fuel for petroleum fuels to be used in diesel engine. However, the use of WPO in a diesel engine requires modifications due to low energy density, high water contents, low acidity, and high viscosity of the WPO. One of the easiest way to adopt WPO to diesel engine without modifications is emulsification of WPO with diesel or bio diesel. In this study, a DI diesel engine operated with diesel, bio diesel (BD), WPO/BD emulsion was experimentally investigated. Performance and gaseous & particle emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled by WPO/BD emulsion were examined. Results showed that stable engine operation was possible with emulsion and engine output power was comparable to diesel and bio diesel operation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.286-291
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• 1986

Forty herbal drugs which are described to have potential antitumor activity were solvent-fractionated with petroleum ether, ether and ethyl acetate in sequence. The cytotoxic activity was mostly shown in the ether fraction(40.54%) and petroleum ether fraction (35.15%), but scarcely in the water phase (10.8%), meaning that most of the active components had less polar property. Twenty-seven percent of the drugs tested were active, which is higher value than 10.4% of the random sampled drugs The drugs possessing the $ED_{50}$ values less than $10{mu}g/ml$ were the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Curcuma domestica, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Astragalus membraneceus and Scutellaria indica, the leaves of Panax ginseng, S. indica and Liriodendron tulipifera, the barks of Picrasma ailanthoides and Rhus vernifera, the herbs of Agrimonia pilosa and Siegesbeckia pubescens the seeds of Tricosanthes kirilowii, P. ailanthoides, and the stem of P. ginseng.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.136-145
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• 2009

There are two purposes for the marine structures used for fossil fuel: transporting huge amounts of crude oil and petroleum products and producing petroleum resources on the ocean in an isolated operational environment. Both types of structures are exposed to dangerous situations by sea conditions. Such marine structures are greatly affected by ocean climate conditions and its changes. Because of such ocean climate changes, it has been necessary to monitor marine structures. This research discusses the difficulties with adopting a new methodology based on a ubiquitous sensor network and develops an optimized sensor network management system design for a marine structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.368-371
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• 2003

Accidental release of petroleum products from underground storage tank(USTs) is one of the most common causes of groundwater contamination. BTEX is the major components of fuel oils, which are hazardous substances regulated by many nations. In addition to BTEX, other gasoline consituents such as MTBE(methyl-t-buthyl ether), anphthalene are also toxic to humans. Natual attenuation processes include physic, chemical, and biological trasformation. Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation are believed to be the major processes that account for both containment of the petroleum-hydrocarbon plum and reduction of the contaminant concentrations. Aerobic bioremediation has been highly effective in the remediation of many fuel releases. However, Bioremediation of aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater and sediments is ofen limited by the inability to provide sufficient oxygen to the contaminated zones due to the low water solubility of oxygen. Anaerobic processes refer to a variety of biodegradation mechanisms that use nitrate, ferric iron, sulfate, and carbon dioxide as terminal electron accepters. The objectives of this study was to conduct laboratory-scale microcosm studies in assessing enhanced bioremediation potential of BTEX and MTBE under various electron accepters(aerobic, nitrate, ferric iron, sulfate) in contaminated Soil. these results suggest that, presents evidence and a variety pattern of the biological removal of aromatic compounds under enhanced nitrate-, Fe(III)-, sulfate-reducing conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.495-502
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• 2008

To investigate the synergy effect on the pyrolysis of mixture of polyethylene(PE) and polystyrene(PS), the pyrolysis of PE, PS and the mixture of PE-PS was carried out in a batch reactor at the atmospheric pressure and $450^{\circ}C$. The pyrolysis time was from 20 to 80 mins. The liquid products formed during pyrolysis were classified into gas, gasoline, kerosene, gas oil and heavy oil according to the distillation temperatures based on the petroleum product quality standard of Korea Institute of Petroleum Quality. The analysis of the product oils by GC/MS showed that the new components produced by mixing were not detected. The synergy effect according to mixing of PE and PS did not also appear. The conversion and yield of mixtures were in proportion to the mixing ratio of sample.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 2003

Pyrolysis of high density polyethylene(HDPE) was carried out to find the effects of temperature and time on the pyrolysis. The starting temperature and activation energy of HDPE pyrolysis increased with increasing heating rate. In general, conversion and liquid yield continuously increased with pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time. This tendency is very sensitive with pyrolysis time, especially at 45$0^{\circ}C$. Pyrolysis temperature has more influence on the conversion than pyrolysis time. Each liquid product formed during pyrolysis was classified into gasoline, kerosene, light oil and wax according to the distillation temperature based on the petroleum product quality standard of Korea Petroleum Quality Inspection Institute. As a result, the amount of liquid products produced during HDPE pyrolysis at 45$0^{\circ}C$ was in the order of light oil > wax > kerosene > gasoline, and at 475$^{\circ}C$ and 50$0^{\circ}C$, it was wax > light > oil > kerosene > gasoline.