• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2017

Over 30% of domestic soil contamination has occurred via petroleum products and complex oil. Moreover, contamination by complex oil is more intense than it is by a single petroleum product species. In this study, we analyzed sectional TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) pattern and sectional ratio of current domestically distributed petroleum products, such as kerosene, diesel, bunker C, and lubricant and complex oils, to determine pollution characteristics of the soil. In the TPH pattern, kerosene, which is a light distillate, had an early retention time, and lubricant oil, which is a heavy distillate, had a late retention time in the gas chromatogram. In addition, we obtained a complexly contaminated soil via diesel and lubricant oil from the Navy and inspected it for its ratio of complex oil species. The inspection results showed that this soil was contaminated with 85% diesel and 15% lubricant oil. The method developed in this study could be used to determine complex petroleum sources and ratios at sites with accidentally contaminated soil.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.302-310
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• 2002

Demand for organic analysis increase as industries are growing and many products are spreaded in the daily life. One of many products is oil spill dispersant. It was used for oil accident in the ocean. When oil spill dispersant spread at the ocean, the petroleum in the ocean is dispersed. The oil spill dispersant is made of non ionic surfactant and petroleum oil. The non ionic surfactant disperse petroleum from oil accident. The other part is petroleum oil which has aromatic hydrocarbon. Because the aromatic hydrocarbon is cancerogenic material, it directly injure animals in the ocean. This cause the second pollution in the human body. Many oil accidents still are controlled by oil spill dispersant. Therefore quality control of the oil spill dispersant become important and this also demand for the exact quantitative analysis of aromatic hydrocarbon. Hereupon the first we develop separate petroleum oil from surfactant. The second standardize analytical method of aromatic hydrocarbon in the separated petroleum oil.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2017

Engine oil is a substance used for the lubrication of internal combustion systems. However, in some case, defects in engine systems may contaminate engine oil with fuel. Contaminated engine oil can cause problems in the normal functioning of a vehicle. In this study, we investigate the functional properties of engine oil contaminated with diesel fuel. The test results indicate that the engine oil contaminated with diesel fuel has low flash point, pour point, density, kinematic viscosity and cold cranking simulator value. The contaminated engine oil which has low plash point can cause fire and explosion accident. Furthermore, a four ball test indicates that the contaminated engine oil increases wear scar to poor lubricity. Moreover, we investigate the GC pattern using SIMDIST (simulated distillation) for determination of diesel in engine oil. The SIMDIST analytic result, diesel was detected at earlier retention time than engine oil in chromatogram. Thus the SIMDIST method can define whether engine oil is contaminated by diesel fuel or not. We can use the SIMDIST method for the diagnosis of oil condition instead of analyzing other physical properties that require many analytic instruments, large volume of oil sample and long analysis time.

• 한국석유지질학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.21-35
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• 2008

오일셰일이란 케로젠이라 불리는 유기물을 포함하는 세립질의 퇴적암으로 오일셰일 내에 포함되어 있는 케로젠은 적당한 온도와 압력 하에서 중질 원유와 유사한 성분을 갖는 셰일오일로 전환이 가능하다. 전 세계적으로 약 2.9조 배럴이라는 막대한 양의 오일셰일이 매장되어 있지만, 이들에 대한 개발은 아직 초기단계 수준에 머무르고 있다. 본 논문에서는 주요 오일셰일 매장지의 지질학적 특성을 소개하고, 이들 오일셰일의 최근 개발 현황과 기술 그리고 개발 가능성에 대해 정리하였다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2014년도 제49회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.255-257
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• 2014

The installation of light oil facilities or delayed cokers seems to be inevitable in the oil refinery industry due to the heavy crude oil reserves and the increased use of light fuels as petroleum products. Petroleum coke is a byproduct of oil refineries and it has higher fixed carbon content, higher calorific value, and lower ash content than coal. However, its sulfur content and heavy metal content are higher than coal. In spite of disadvantages, petroleum coke might be one of promising resources due to gasification processes. The gasification of petroleum coke can improve economic value of oil refinery industries by handling cheap, toxic wastes in an environment-friendly way. In this study, $CO_2$ gasification reaction kinetics of petroleum coke, various coals and mixing coal with petroleum coke have investigated and been compared by using TGA. The kinetics of $CO_2$ gasification has been performed with petroleum coke, 3 kinds of bituminous coal [BENGALLA, White Haven, TALDINSKY], and 3 kinds of sub-bituminous coal [KPU, LG, MSJ] at various temperature[$1100-1400^{\circ}C$].

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2018

Bunker C is used in heavy-lift ships, furnaces, and boilers for generating heat, and power. Bunker C has only four regulations for quality standards and is rarely inspected in Korea. For these reasons, other oils such as used lubricant oil are commonly blended with Bunker C. This illegal mixture of fuel can damage the boilers, engines and affect the environment adversely. In this study, we investigate the fuel properties and perform atomic analysis of illegal Bunker C blended with used lube oil. The test results show that higher quantities of used lube oil in Bunker C have higher flash points, total acid numbers, copper corruption, solid contamination, and metal components. Further, increasing quantities of used lube oil in Bunker C cause lower viscosity, sulfur, and V content. However, adequate sample (approximately 1 L) is needed to evaluate presence of adulterants in Bunker C, we attempted the SIMDIST analysis. In the SIMDIST chromatogram, the used engine oils are detected for longer retention times than Bunker C owing to the high boiling point. We also quantitatively analyzed the lube oil content using SIMDIST.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.368-377
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• 2015

Bunker C fuel oil is a high-viscosity oil obtained from petroleum distillation as a residue. The sulfur content of bunker C fuel oil is limited to 4.0% or even lower to protect the environment. Because bunker C fuel oil is burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power, carbon dioxide is emitted as a result of combustion. The objective of this study is to investigate $CO_2$ emission characteristics of bunker C fuel oil by sulfur contents. Calorific values and carbon contents of the fuels were measured using the oxygen bomb calorimeter method and the CHN elemental analysis method, respectively. Sulfur and hydrogen contents, which were used to calculate the net calorific value, were also measured and then net calorific values and $CO_2$ emission factors were determined. The results showed that hydrogen content increases and carbon content decreases by reducing sulfur contents for bunker C fuel oil with sulfur contents less than 1.0%. For sulfur contents between 1.0% and 4.0%, carbon content increases as sulfur content decreases but there is no evident variation in hydrogen content. Net calorific value increases by reducing sulfur contents. $CO_2$ emission factor, which is calculated by dividing carbon content by net calorific value, decreases as sulfur content decreases for bunker C fuel oil with sulfur contents less than 1.0% but it showed relatively constant values for sulfur contents between 1.0% and 4.0%.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.136-147
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• 2015

신재생에너지 공급 의무화제도(Renewable Portfolio Standard(RPS))가 시행됨에 따라, 발전 사업자들은 의무공급량 이행을 위해 발전용 바이오중유를 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 발전용 바이오중유의 원료물질별 물성과 원료 조성에 따른 발전용 바이오중유의 품질특성을 알아보았다. 발전용 바이오중유와 원료유지의 연료특성은 전산가, 동점도, 금속분 등 고시 상 품질기준 항목을 분석하였으며, 적외선 분광광도계와 고성능 액체크로마토그래피를 이용하여 조성분포를 분석하였다. 팜유계열의 저가의 고산가 유지는 유리지방산 함량이 높아 전산가가 높고, 금속분에 의한 회분함량이 높았으며, 바이오디젤 공정부산물은 점도가 높았다. 동점도, 전산가, 금속분과 같은 발전용 바이오중유의 연료특성은 원료물질 의 조성 및 혼합비와 관련이 깊다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.5-24
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• 2002

본 연구는 경질제품의 유통구조와 물류체계를 공간적 관점에서 분석하였다. 석유제품은 정유사, 대리점, 주유소의 유통기관들을 통해서 공급되지만, 제품의 특성과 용도별로 상이한 유통경로를 갖고 있다. 석유제품의 수송은 정유공장에서 주요 소비지역에 입지하고 있는 저유소까지의 1차 수송과 주유소로부터 주유소나 중소수요처까지의 2차 수송으로 이루어진다. 1차 수송에는 유조선, 유조화차, 송유관, 유조차가 이용되고, 대리점이나 수송용역 업체가 담당하는 2차 수송은 대부분 유조차가 수송을 전담하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 SK와 LG 정유사의 저유소 분포와 저유소 유형별 공급권역을 분석하였다. 또한 하나의 저유소가 관할하는 공급권역내에 포함된 인구수와 자동차수, 주유소수를 도출하였고, 이를 바탕으로 하나의 주유소가 공급을 담당하는 최소요구치 수요인 인구수와 자동차수를 산출하였다.

• 석유와에너지
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• 10호통권116호
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• pp.84-86
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• 1990

이 글은 「Oil and Gas Journal, Sept 17. 1990」에 실린 A.L.Johnson의 'Soviet oil outlook less promisg in 1990's'를 옮긴 것이다. <연자 주>