• 보존과학연구
• /
• 통권21호
• /
• pp.5-55
• /
• 2000

The cultural properties are damaged by various causes according to the characteristics of material, the condition of preservation, and the period of time. Especially, biodeterioration makes lots of damages in organic properties than inorganic ones. The damages of wooden cultural properties by insects usually are caused by the three orders; Isoptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. As the result of investigation on the state of 141 buildings of wooden cultural properties in 1999, some of them were damaged by many kinds off actors; wasp, powder post beetle, cigarette beetle, termite, decay, and physical cracking. And it was found that the patterns of damages were related to species-specific habits of insects. There are several methods of pest control for the prevention of wooden cultural properties from damages caused by insects. Those are as follows; physical control, chemical control, biological control, and integrated pest management. When insects and fungi were detected at the wooden buildings, the fumigation is best treatment to stop biodeterioration. And then, wood materials also need to be treated with insecticidal and antiseptic chemicals to avoid a reinfestation, because the fumigant is volatile. The six commercial chemicals which are applied to the insecticidal and antiseptic treatment of wooden cultural properties were purchased to test their abilities. According to the comparative results of efficacy of them in laboratory, chemical D showed excellent efficacy in all items, including antiseptic and termiticidal items. The goal of these pest controls is to protect wooden buildings from insects and microorganisms. The most effective method used currently is chemical control(fumigation, insecticidal and anticeptic chemical treatment), but it has to be treated periodically to control pest effectively. Recently environmentally-friendly control methods such as bait system or biological treatments are replacing traditional barrier treatments using large amounts of chemicals. Especially, termite is a social insect which makes a colony. Although a building with fumigation treatment is safe for a while, once attacked building has a risk of damage by reinfestation of termite. Therefore, to control termites from damaged building, the entire colony including reproductives(queen and king) and larvae around buildings must beeliminated. Bait system can be used as a preventive measure in early detection of them through termites colony monitoring and baiting. It would be the most effective for termite control if bait system would be used together with the chemical controls.

• 보존과학연구
• /
• 통권13호
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 1992

A great numbers of cultural properties destroyed though attack by insect pests and microorganisms. Biodeterioration damage is particularly serious in this country because many cultural propertiese are made of organic materials. Recently, there are various countermeasures of biodeterioration or alternative methods are reported, such as Gamma Radiation, Micro-wave Irridation, Freezing, Inert Atmosphere (Oxygen-less atmosphere), and Environmental Control. However its practical application are limited and some difficulties for treatment of large objects. Fumigation is one of the most useful and effective methods of control biodeterioration because it gives less damage of cultural properties but rapidly eradicate infesting organisms at one action. This paper evaluated selected fumigants and fumigation methods with emphasis on the following paragraph:1) Effectiveness of selected fumigants on insects and microbes involved inbiodeterioration.2) Physical and chemical characters of selected fumigants.3) Less toxic new alternative fumigant and its mixtures.4) Inert atmosphere (Oxygen-less atmosphere)5) Methods of fumigation : Sealed fumigation, Covered fumigation and Vacuum fumigation (Reduced-pressure fumigation)

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.607-618
• /
• 2012

Dasineura oxycoccana는 미국, 캐나다, 유럽 등에 분포하는 해충으로, 블루베리에 발생할 경우 신초와 꽃눈을 가해하여 막대한 피해를 유발하는 주요 문제 해충이다. 국내에서는 2010년 경기도 화성시 블루베리 재배지에서 유사증상이 발견되어 피해조사 및 정밀동정을 실시한 결과 D. oxycoccana에 의한 피해로 확인되어 블루베리혹파리로 명명하였고 검역관리해충으로 지정되었다. 2011년 전국적인 조사 결과 대부분 블루베리 재배지역에서 블루베리혹파리 발생 및 피해가 확인되었다. 시설 비가림 재배 농가에서 건조한 펄라이트나 친환경 부산물인 왕겨 등을 이용하여 블루베리혹파리 유충 및 번데기 증식에 불리한 물리적 환경조건을 조성함으로써 블루베리혹파리 발생 및 그에 의한 신초 피해를 감소시킬 수 있어서 블루베리혹파리의 친환경 방제 수단으로 활용 가치가 높았다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제61권4호
• /
• pp.639-640
• /
• 2022

집나방과(Yponomeutidae)에 속한 작은상제집나방(Saridoscelis sphenias Meyrick)은 2016~2017년 전남 진도와 완도에서 채집된 개체를 동정하여 2020 국내 미기록 종으로 보고되었으며, 마취목(Pieris japonica)과 진달래과에 속한 모새나무(Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb.)와 Leucothoe grayana Maxim. var oblongifolia (Miq.)가 기주식물로 알려져 있었다. 이 종은 2014년 8월 제주특별자치도 블루베리 재배지에서 처음 발견된 후 미정착된 것으로 취급되었으나, 2018년에 이어 2019년에도 제주시와 서귀포시 여러 블루베리 농장에서 발생이 확인되었다. 그 후 2020년부터는 노지 과원에서도 발견되고 있다. 부화유충이 처음 신초 줄기 속으로 침입하여 가해하다가 중간크기로 자란 후 탈출하여 몇 개의 신초를 그물로 철하고 집단적으로 가해하는 등 특이한 피해증상이 나타난다. 향후 피해가 우려되는 해충으로 피해증상과 생활사를 간단히 보고한다.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.217-224
• /
• 2011

Non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis) is a popular vegetable in Asian countries. The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), an insect with worldwide distribution, is a main pest of Brassicaceae crops and causes enormous crop losses. Transfer of the anti-insect gene into the plant genome by transgenic technology and subsequent breeding of insect-resistant varieties will be an effective approach to reducing the damage caused by this pest. We have produced transgenic non-heading Chinese cabbage plants expressing the potato proteinase inhibitor II gene (pinII) and tested the pest resistance of these transgenic plants. Non-heading Chinese cabbages grown for 45 days on which buds had formed were used as experimental materials for Agrobacterium-mediated vacuum infiltration transformation. Forty-one resistant plants were selected from 1166 g of seed harvested from the infiltrated plants based on the resistance of the young seedlings to the herbicide Basta. The transgenic traits were further confirmed by the Chlorophenol red test, PCR, and genomic Southern blotting. The results showed that the bar and pinII genes were co-integrated into the resistant plant genome. A bioassay of insect resistance in the second generation of individual lines of the transgenic plants showed that DBM larvae fed on transgenic leaves were severely stunted and had a higher mortality than those fed on the wild-type leaves.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제7권
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 1969

1. 한국에서는 벼 밤나방 (Sesamia inferens Walker)이 중남부지방에서 발생하여 이화명충과 유사한 가해상을 나타내고 있으며 유충태로 주로 지하부 도경에서 월동하고 년 2-3회 발생하였다. 2, 각 충태별 코기는 난이 $0.645\pm0,037\times0.399\pm0.757mm$, 유충이 $18.32\pm3.72mm$, 용이 $15.8\pm2.0mm$ 성충자아가 $11.56\pm1.35mm$, 웅아는 $10.36\pm0.87mm$였다. 3. 각충태별 기간은 각 화기에 따라 차가 컸으나 7-9월경인 2화기가 가장 짧았으며 그 기간은 란기$6.37\pm0.49$일, 유충기 $32.13\pm4.16$일, 용기 $13.38\pm0.92$ 성충기 $4.76\pm2.09$일였다. 4. 방제약제로는 Pot 시험결과 무처리 피해경율 $62.6\%$에 대하여 m.Parathion G $12.0\%$, EPNec$22.9\%$, Diazinon G $24.7\%$, Labaycid G $27.3\%$의 순으로 양호한 방제효과를 나타내었다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.53-64
• /
• 2024

Global population growth has resulted in an increased demand for food production. Simultaneously, aging rural communities have led to a decrease in the workforce, thereby increasing the demand for automation in agriculture. Drones are particularly useful for unmanned pest control fields. However, the current method of uniform spraying leads to environmental damage due to overuse of pesticides and drift by wind. To address this issue, it is necessary to enhance spraying performance through precise performance evaluation. Therefore, as a foundational study aimed at optimizing drone-based pest control technologies, this research evaluated water-sensitive paper (WSP) via density map estimation using convolutional neural networks (CNN) with a encoder-decoder structure. To achieve more accurate estimation, this study implemented multi-task learning, incorporating an additional classifier for image segmentation alongside the density map estimation classifier. The proposed model in this study resulted in a R-squared (R²) of 0.976 for coverage area in the evaluation data set, demonstrating satisfactory performance in evaluating WSP at various density levels. Further research is needed to improve the accuracy of spray result estimations and develop a real-time assessment technology in the field.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.494-500
• /
• 2007

The endophytic bruchid pest Callosobruchus maculatus causes severe damage to storage cowpea seeds, leading to economical losses. For this reason the use of $\alpha$-amylase inhibitors to interfere with the pest digestion process has been an interesting alternative to control bruchids. With this aim, $\alpha$-amylase inhibitors from baru seeds (Dipteryx alata) were isolated by affinity chromatographic procedures, causing enhanced inhibition of C. maculatus and Anthonomus grandis $\alpha$-amylases. To attempt further purification, this fraction was applied onto a reversed-phase HPLC column, generating four peaks with remarkable inhibition toward C. maculatus $\alpha$-amylases. SDS-PAGE and MALDI-ToF analysis identified major proteins of approximately 5.0, 11.0, 20.0 and 55 kDa that showed $\alpha$-amylase inhibition. Results of in vivo bioassays using artificial seeds containing 1.0% (w/w) of baru crude extract revealed 40% cowpea weevil larvae mortality. These results provide evidence that several $\alpha$-amylase inhibitors classes, with biotechnological potential, can be isolated from a single plant species.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 2003

Uzi fly (Exorista bombycis Louis) is one of the major larval endo-parasitoid of silkworm (Bombyx mori). It causes extensive damage to sericulture industry. The application of synthetic organic pesticides has tremendous impact on minimizing pest population but their overuse and frequent misuse and high sensitivity towards the silkworms, has forced the entomologists to search for alternatives to chemical control, which is safe to silkworm, environment and farm workers. Biological control continues to offer exciting possibilities for the control of fly pest population. It is environmentally safe alternative to chemical control and offering a long-term protection. Several potential hymenopteran parasitoids have been screened. Among successful natural enemies, Nesolynx thymus, Trichomalopsis apanteloctena, Trichopria sp., Brachymeria lasus, Pediobius sp., Spalangia sp., Spilomicrus karnatakensis and Dhirhinus sp. are important. It is essential to predict accurately the efficacy of these natural enemies in a new habitat prior to its introduction. The important desirable attributes of these potential parasitoids viz., host searching capacity, specificity, power of increase and fitness and adaptability of the parasitoid in new environment has been recorded. Results of the host parasitoid interaction indicate that the aging of the host function as a factor that influence the host finding efficiency of the parasitoid. It is highly scored with 15-20 hrs old pupa of the host. However, aging of the parasitoid does not significantly affect it. The sex ratio is female biased which is advantageous from biological control point of view, Biological suppression methods involving conservation and utilization of natural enemies have been discussed in detail.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제56권1호
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 2017

납작먹좀벌과(Platygasteridae)의 큰검정알벌속(Trissolcus)에 속하는 T. japonicus (Ashmead) (썩덩큰검정알벌, 신칭)이 과수원에서 과일에 심한 피해를 일으키는 해충인 썩덩나무노린재의 알에 기생하는 것으로 확인되었고, 생물적 방제인자로써 가능성이 기대된다. 또한 천마큰검정 알벌(T. itoi Ryu)이 북쪽비단노린재 알을, 검은다리큰검정알벌(T. nigripedius Nakagawa)이 알락수염노린재 알을 숙주로 각각 기생하는 것이 확인되었다. 동정을 위한 진단형질 및 영상자료와 한국에 분포하는 큰검정알벌속(Trissolcus)의 종들에 관한 숙주목록을 제공하였다.