• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.253-272
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• 2012

One of the fastest growing sectors in tourism industry is the use of applications from the MICE industry in various parts including business, politics, and cultural exchange due to globalization among the countries. The means-end chain theory suggests that convention participants perceive and judge convention destination as the means to achieving a desired end-state in a given destination selection situation. This study aims at establishing a convention destination's attributes, the benefits of consequences of using it, and the personal values it satisfies. A laddering interview was conducting in order to provide in-depth probing and to elicit responses from 96 visitors. This study presents the unique pyramid-structure of the means-end chain; a model linking perceived convention destination attributes to values. Understanding these concepts provides opportunities for convention destinations to target market segmentation and advertising based on the participants' desired end-states. In conclusion, the major correlations of attributions of the visitors, consequences, and the values are; informativeness(A), activity(A), tourist attraction(A) - sympathy(C), human relations(C) - self-development(V), and fellowship(V).

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.283-297
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• 2018

This research focuses on the perceived marketplace influence(PMI: A belief that recognizes the effect that an individual's actions will have on the behavior of other consumers in the market and thus drives them to act on fair trade consumption) of consumers who may act as a more fundamental explanatory alternative to the gap in attitudes and behaviors of fair trade products. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between consumer's self - determination psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relevance), influence (personal influence, market influence), and the assets of fair trade products. As a result of the empirical analysis, it was found that among the major psychological needs related to self-determination, the variables other than competence and the perceived influence relations of consumers can be directly formed, and the perceived consumer effectiveness(PCE) has a positive influence on perceived marketplace influence(PMI). It is also found that the perceived influence of consumers(PCE, PMI) has an influence on the consumers' perceived equity of Fair Trade products. The results of this study will provide an opportunity to theoretically explain the gap between consumers' attitudes and behaviors of Fair Trade products, which is a part of ethical consumption, and provide important implications for the establishment of marketing strategies.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.261-283
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• 2007

In recent studies for explaining the causation of crime fear shows interest and effort in studies attempting microscopical individual level and macroscopical local level of sex, age, economic level, crime damage level and etc. However, in this study, it is considered that interest and analysis of individual on characteristics of these local level may has its difference depends on crime damage experience in the past, fragility precision of crime damage and interest on crime relating information and processed positive analysis on characteristics of individual and relation of crime fear on individual level before making an attempt of connecting microscopical level and macroscopical level. Therefore, the purpose of this study is on positive verification of how people feel about crime fear depends on individual's characteristic and also how much effect would they receive. As the result of this study, it is shown that first, population statistical characteristics that crime damage experience is statistically meaningful of its difference of each group are age, status of marriage, final education status and residential area and for the fragility precision of crime damage was sex and status of marriage and for the interest about the crime relating information has meaningful difference statistically of each group depends on sex, age, final education status, income of the house and location of residential area. Second, after processing correlation analysis on individual characteristic primary factor and crime fear, the result of 3 primary factor independent variable all shows statistically meaningful correlation with crime fear and especially fragility primary factor on crime damage showed the most high correlation with crime fear. Lastly, fragility of crime damage, interest on crime information and crime damage experience has effected as characteristics of individual and especially fragility of crime damage which the person thought to be the most fragility on crime damage out of these individual characteristic primary factor showed to have the most effecting primary factor.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.60
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• pp.104-124
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to explore how North Korean woman defectors' memories of their past lives are represented in Korean television talk show, (Channel A, 2011~) and its social implications. In order to carry out this task, this study first discusses the emergence of the concept of 'memory' in its relations with 'collective memory', 'cultural memory' and 'history', and its social appropriation in media such as television. And, the ideological aspects of the recent trend of television talk show that deals with people's private memories were also discussed. The study used the method of structural narrative analysis. The findings are the following. First of all, North Korean woman defectors' memories in collide with the dominant public memories in South Korea. In any case, it has been found that the show tended to make North Korea and their defectors as exotic 'others' and thereby reinforce the existing public memory. After all, this study argues that the representation of the defectors' memories in the talk show only results in stressing the melodramatic narrative emotionally packaged with 'laughing' and 'crying' without any sincere consideration of them.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.227-248
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• 2008

This study aims to examine the effects of art therapy on challenging behavior of schoolchildren. For this purpose, I selected one class of 4th year student of S primary school, located at Jeongeup city, Jeonlabukdo, and selected 4 study subjects through examination of K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation scale, characters, school life and K - HTP test. With regard to procedure of this study, I carried out art therapy program at the art class for 60 minutes one time a week for 4 months, a total of 17 sessions from Apr. 3, 2007 to July 24, 2007. I made this program with some modification in reference to Arts Therapy Technique (Counpia Remote Training Center, 2005), Group Art Therapy (Choi Seon Nam. Kim Gap Sook. Jeon Jong Kuk, 2007) and the Effects of Peer Group Art Activity on Sociality Skill of Offensive Children (Park Ju Yeon. Lee Byeon In, 2005). For each child, I compared and analyzed the changes in score of K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation scale, behavior by K-HTP (dynamic house-wood-human figure test) analysis and by school life(KSD) image analysis before and after treatment. I also carried out qualitative analysis on behavioral feature of each child for each session. This study obtained the following conclusions. First, child A showed positive change in comparison before and after art treatment program of score K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation, K-HTP image test and school life. Since he was so active and wanted to obtain good evaluation from anyone that he frequently had quarrel with friends, spoke against others well and beaten others much but was changed and did not speak against others or beat. Second, child B showed clear difference in comparison before and after art treatment program of score K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation, but no significant difference in K-HTP image test and school life. However, I observed substantial changes. While he could not speak frankly to others, felt empty in mind and was offensive in personal relations, he was changed, did not have quarrel with others or speak against others that much and improved his relationship with friends or teachers. Third, child C showed positive change in score of K-CBCL children juvenile behavior evaluation after art therapy program. In comparison of K-HTP image test and school life treatment before and after treatment, he still longed for mothers in mind but found rather stable after treatment. Fourth, child D showed positive chance in score of K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation scale after art therapy program, but almost no changes in K-HTP image test. But he depicted good relationship and socializing with other friends in school life. While he could not carry his point due to social immaturity and felt depressed, he got more confident. This result of study showed that art therapy had positive effects on correction of schoolchildren.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.141-152
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• 1987

The book of Sa So Jeol is about the moral training family precepts written by Yi Deok-mu (이덕무, 1739~1793) in the year of king Young Jo 51th in the Yi dynasty. The writer provides us, according to the views of Confucianists, with the principles that both elders and children of that time should abide by in the daily life, dividing the said books into 924 sections, 8 chapters, and 2 volumes. The parts concerned with children are studied in this essay. The brief conclusions are as follows. 1. Children were required to have the mental attitudes of honesty, patience, tolerance and frugality and were instructed to show such attitudes through their behavior. 2. Children were instructed to have the behavioral attitudes of nine aspects, which are the behavioral characteristics of the sages. They were instructed to emulate the personal characters of the sages through being possessed of these nine aspects, which are to be found in healthy and comfortable mental states. 3. Children were instructed to be careful and composed, in their activities. Since prudence is the basic principle of mental and behavioral attitudes, being required of men and women of all ages in a traditional society, it was emphasized from early childhood 4. The aim of instruction was taken to be becoming human, or becoming a virtuous man, rather than merely passing the classical government examamination, and for this aim the moral rules, which can be considered the order of human relations, were taught intensively. 5. As for instructional methods, the children were required to do careful or rough reading according to their abilities, and were instructed to listen to lectures politely, prudently, ardently and honestly. 6. The instructional contents are for the purpose of making children read the classical canons after increasing their perceptive ability in the various things of the sexagenary cycle, the multipicative method, the kings, lineage, and the reign-titles, and the accumulated knowledge of $\ulcorner$Kyung Mong Yo Kyul$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$Seong Hak Jeop Yo$\lrcorner$ and $\ulcorner$Keun Sa Lok$\lrcorner$. Because of the greater emphasis on natural talents rather than on acquired abilities, the children, however, were eudcated only after their despositions were examined. 7. The children were required to have warm-hearted, careful, polite, and prudent attitudes toward their elders, and were instructed to take precauticns against arrogance and impoliteness. Since politeness in particular was considered not only as the ground of decorum but the method of emotional regulation and maintaining composure for confucianists, it can be regarded as the principal ettiquettee demanded in all activities. 8. The main instructional contents are generally moral aspects, concentrating on introspection and virtuous conduct through emotional regulations, rather than on the natural expression of physical and mental states.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.482-491
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• 2018

This study intended to identify different level of teacher-efficacy, perception of principals' leadership and peer collaboration as it pertains to a teachers' job stress and job satisfaction in Elementary school. Samples include 1,031 teachers in elementary school from Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey(KCYPS) and data were analyzed using Latent Class Analysis(LCA) to identify different patterns of teacher-efficacy and perception of principals' leadership and peer collaboration. Multivariate analysis of variance were employed to identify the influence of predictors for classification of teachers' job stress and job satisfaction among latent classes. The study found three latent classes at risk class, middle-level adaptive class, and adaptive class and results showed that each distinctive class can be identified by some of predictors. Teachers at adaptive class showed higher teacher-efficacy and positive perception of principals' leadership and peer collaboration than teachers at risk and middle-level adaptive class. Also, teachers at adaptive class showed lower job stress and higher job satisfaction than teachers at two other classes. The study suggests that help teachers based on personal profile are effective rather teacher-efficacy and perception of principals' leadership and peer collaboration.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.79-86
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• 2015

Purpose - The cosmetics industry is a traditional high value-added industry in terms of the domestic demand, small batch production systems, exclusive competition, and raw materials highly dependent on overseas countries as well as an oligopolistic market structure. However, new foreign brands and growing consumer awareness of inexpensive products, has triggered a shift. In line with changing lifestyles and the polarization of consumption, the industry faces a new market structure. Among its key characteristics is the cosmetics industry's numerous distribution channels (i.e., department stores, door-to-door sales, online shopping malls, brand shops, and discount stores). Therefore, the study of its distribution channels is essential. Research design, data, and methodology - The study analyzed channel distribution power divided into coercive and non-coercive power. The factors of coercive power included: unilateral request of an increase in commissions, interference in sales by taking advantage of a superior status, unilateral buck-passing at the time of a problem, unilateral request to stop sales activities, and a unilateral business contract; the factors of non-coercive power included favorable payment conditions, offers of various kinds of information, policy on commission reduction, pride in market entrance, and promotion support. In addition, the mediating variable "interdependence" was applied to the execution of department store (or mart) power and their shop conflicts and satisfaction to examine direct and indirect influential power. The methodology was a survey of managers of cosmetics shops in department stores (or marts). The questionnaire, based on a five-point Likert scale, included questions about basic personal information, execution of power, interdependence, conflict, and satisfaction. The study distributed 198 questionnaires and collected 131. Ten questionnaires with missing or hard to analyze data were excluded. Thus, 121 copies were analyzed. Results - According to the analysis, the execution of coercive power by department stores (or marts) did not affect interdependence, but the execution of non-coercive power did. Interdependence did not influence conflict, but did affect satisfaction. Additionally, the analysis revealed direct influential power: the execution of coercive power positively affected conflict and negatively influenced satisfaction; the execution of non-coercive power positively affected satisfaction. Conclusions - To offer suggestions for distribution business relations in the cosmetics industry, this study investigated how the execution of power by department stores (or marts) affected their shops. More specifically, it examined how much the execution of both coercive power and non-coercive power influenced conflict and satisfaction, and analyzed the mediating role of interdependence. In line with previous study results in various areas, coercive power was shown to be the source of conflict, leading to a decrease in satisfaction, whereas non-coercive power significantly positively influenced satisfaction. Moreover, non-coercive power increased interdependence, which led to greater satisfaction. As a result, interdependence had a mediating effect on non-coercive power and satisfaction. Based on the results, department stores (or marts) should look for improvements plans that increase interdependence. Such plans could alleviate conflict with the shops, increasing their satisfaction.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.91-102
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• 2011

Smart work is deeply embedded in our contemporary lives. This is called Smart Life. The expansion of communication, caused by smart life is utilized for the political purposes of politicians, political candidates, and political policies. Chiefly, smart life includes improvement in awareness, personal relations, and policy advocacy. Socially, smart life leads the proliferation of issues and civil movement. In particular, smart life has a significant effect on culture. In the case of K-POP, it is disseminated going beyond space time. It enhances economic value added by joining and sharing at the same time. Smart life has numerous advantages such as improving the quality of life, but it might cause inconvenience depending on users because there are differences in acceptance according to generations. Due to the heavy weight on the device, there are some side-effects such as lacking in human thinking, disclosure in private life, lacking in basic securities, increase in information addicts who are anxious when they do not get on the Internet or SNS, and interference with work. However, this inconvenience can change into convenience when users are accustomed to it. Like this, smart life influences politics, economy, society, and culture a lot. Working environment of smart life is a new paradigm, which can generate high performance through working in an exciting and bright atmosphere with easy economy and putting value on results.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.249-264
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to clarify the general concept and preparation process for successful aging. At the same time another object is to find out factors which were affecting influences on the preparations for the old age and analyze the relationships between the factors and preparation for old age. 280 questionnaires were distributed to over 40 years-old workers working in Banwol and Siwha industrial complex in Kyeonggi-do. Using 261 questionnaires, frequency analysis, factor analysis and multiple regression analysis, etc were executed with SPSS 18.0 to fulfill the purposes. Findings of the study are as follows. First, health condition had a positive effect on the general preparation for old age, but age, educational career, monthly income, religion and the number of children had partially positive effects. Second, job satisfaction had a positive effect on physical and economical preparation for old age, but job commitment had a positive effect on economical preparation only. Third, Age, educational career, spouse, religion, health condition and the number of children showed different effects on those preparations.