• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.81-106
• /
• 2006

The value of Its visitors is very important factors on selection of a Spa & Resort. The first detailed purpose of this paper is to analyse the differences of select behaviors of a Spa & Resort according to the types of values of the visitors. The second aim is to conduct a research on the characters of select behaviors of the visitors. The third aim is to analyse the degree of satisfaction of the visitors, re-visitation and the intention of recommendation. The fourth purpose is to provide useful materials on analysis about the values of the visitors at various Spa & Resorts and to trigger dramatic effect of recuperation, relaxation with its visitor's needs met, the maximum of hotel's management profit at Spa & Resort's area and programs to activate the region's economy. Factor Analsis Routine of SPSS Windows Version 10.0 was applied to accomplish the issues of the study. The Applied analysis by research process are as follows; This paper applied Frequency analysis to figure out interviewee's demographic characters and various using types of the visitors, using their experience of visiting, Select influence, Visiting period, Accommodation they use, Accompanyist, Costs, Season, Transportation, The necessary time. This paper showed important correlation between the visitors' select attributes and behaviors after using it, between their personal value and behaviors after using it, between their individual value, motive of use and their select behavior of destinations. In accordance with it, Managers or developer of a Spa & Resort should make a plan after a sufficient review of the visitors' individual value. The visitor's value is changing continuously according to the change of spatial, occasional environment and should be assessed by those changes.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.151-163
• /
• 1989

Nerve conduction studies help delineate the extent and distribution of the neural lesion. The nerve conduction was studied on upper(median, ulnar and radial nerves) and lower(personal, posterior tibial and sural nerves) extremities in 83 healthy subjects 23 to 66 years of age. and normal values were established(Table 1). The mean motor terminal latency (TL) were : median. 3.6(${\pm}0.6$)milliseconds ; ulnar. 2.9(${\pm}0.5$) milliseconds ; radial nerve. 2.3(${\pm}0.4$) milliseconds. Mean motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV) along distal and proximal segments: median. 61.2(${\pm}9.1$) (W-E) and 57.8(${\pm}13.2$) (E-Ax) meters per second ; ulnar. 63.7(${\pm}9.1$) (W-E) and 50.(${\pm}10.0$) meters per second. Mean sensory nerve conduction velocity(SNCV) : median. 34.7(${\pm}6.7$) (F-W), 63.7(${\pm}7.1$) (W-E) and 62.8(${\pm}12.3$) (E-Ax)meters per second ; ulnar. 38.0(${\pm}6.7$)(F-W), 63.4(${\pm}7.5$) (W-E) and 57.0(${\pm}10.1$) (E-Ax)meters per second ; radial, 45.3(${\pm}6.8$) (F-W) and 64.2(${\pm}11.0$) (W-E) meters per second ; sural nerve, 43.4(${\pm}6.1$) meters per second. The amplitudes of action potential and H-reflex were also standardized. Mean H latency was 28.4(${\pm}3.2$) milliseconds. And. the fundamental principles, several factors altering the rate of nerve conduction and clinical application of nerve stimulation techniques were reviewed.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.12
• /
• pp.1234-1268
• /
• 2004

A review on the papers published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineering in 2002 and 2003 has been carried out. Focus has been put on current status of research in the aspect of heating, cooling, air-conditioning, ventilation, sanitation and building environment/design. The conclusions are as follows. (1) Most of fundamental studies on fluid flow were related with heat transportation in diverse facilities. Drop formation and rivulet flow on solid surfaces were interesting topics related with condensation augmentation. Research on micro environment considering flow, heat transfer, humidity was also interesting to promote comfortable living environment. It can be extended considering biological aspects. Development of fans and blowers of high performance and low noise were continuing research topics. Well developed CFD technologies were widely applied for analysis and design of various facilities and their systems. (2) Heat transfer characteristics of enhanced finned tube heat exchangers and heat sinks were extensively investigated. Experimental studies on the boiling heat transfer, vortex generators, fluidized bed heat exchangers, and frosting and defrosting characteristics were also conducted. In addition, the numerical simulations on various heat exchangers were performed and reported to show heat transfer characteristics and performance of the heat exchanger. (3) A review of the recent studies shows that the performance analysis of heat pump have been made by various simulations and experiments. Progresses have been made specifically on the multi-type heat pump systems and other heat pump systems in which exhaust energy is utilized. The performance characteristics of heat pipe have been studied numerically and experimentally, which proves the validity of the developed simulation programs. The effect of various factors on the heat pipe performance has also been examined. Studies of the ice storage system have been focused on the operational characteristics of the system and on the basics of thermal storage materials. Researches into the phase change have been carried out steadily. Several papers deal with the cycle analysis of a few thermodynamic systems which are very useful in the field of air-conditioning and refrigeration. (4) Recent studies on refrigeration and air-conditioning systems have focused on the system performance and efficiency enhancement when new alternative refrigerants are applied. Heat transfer characteristics during evaporation and condensation are investigated for several tube shapes and new alternative refrigerants including natural refrigerants. Efficiency of various compressors and performance of new expansion devices are also dealt with for better design of refrigeration/air conditioning system. In addition to the studies related with thermophysical properties of refrigerant mixtures, studies on new refrigerants are also carried out. It should be noted that the researches on two-phase flow are constantly carried out. (5) A review of the recent studies on absorption refrigeration system indicates that heat and mass transfer enhancement is the key factor in improving the system performance. Various experiments have been carried out and diverse simulation models have been presented. Study on the small scale absorption refrigeration system draws a new attention. Cooling tower was also the research object in the respect of enhancement its efficiency, and performance analysis and optimization was carried out. (6) Based on a review of recent studies on indoor thermal environment and building service systems, it is noticed that research issues have mainly focused on several innovative systems such as personal environmental modules, air-barrier type perimeterless system with UFAC, radiant floor cooling system, etc. New approaches are highlighted for improving indoor environmental conditions and minimizing energy consumption, various activities of building energy management and cost-benefit analysis for economic evaluation.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.15-34
• /
• 2021

Purpose : This study aims to identify the influence of individual, parental, workplace, and policy variables on the intention of marriage of unmarried workers. The results of the study can be used as a basis to come up with policy and practical measures to increase these workers' intention of marriage. Methods : Data was collected from 480 participants through a questionnaire. The measuring tools in this study were tested for reliability and validity. In addition, technical statistics, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed by SPSS 18.0. Results : First, unmarried workers' willingness to marry was higher above the average. Second, significant differences in the unmarried workers' intention of marriage were revealed based on gender, age, level of education, total assets, and debt status. Significant associations were also found with parents' economic levels and the possibility of parental support for housing and marriage expenses. The differences in response based on employment patterns, job satisfaction, and family-friendly organizational culture were also significant. The correlation between policy variables and marriage intentions also showed the necessity of a funded housing policy and a marriage preparation policy. Third, based on the hierarchical regression analysis using personal, parental, and workplace variables to identify the factors affecting unmarried workers' willingness to marry, it is clear that gender, age, and the likelihood of parental support for housing and marriage expenses have a significant impact. A family-friendly organizational culture and funded housing policy were also significant contributors. Conclusion : The study found that the funded housing policy was the most important factor affecting unmarried office workers' willingness to marry. Additionally, the possibility of parental support for housing and marriage expenses and a family-friendly organizational culture at work were found to have an important impact on the improvement of unmarried workers' willingness to marry.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.152-163
• /
• 2018

Objectives : The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, version 6.0 (EDE-Q version 6.0) and the Clinical Impairment Assessment Questionnaire (CIA) measure attitudes and behavioral features of eating disorders and impairments secondary to eating disorders, respectively. The aims of this study were to examine the reliability and the validity of the Korean versions of the EDE-Q version 6.0 and the CIA. Methods : Four hundred nineteen participants (370 female university students and 49 women with eating disorders) completed the EDE-Q version 6.0, the CIA, the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Weight Concern Scale (WCS). Results : Excellent internal consistencies were obtained for the EDE-Q version 6.0 (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.92$) and the CIA (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.91$). Exploratory factor analysis of CIA extracted the 3 factors of personal, social, and cognitive impairments, as the original CIA had. The EDE-Q version 6.0 and the CIA were well correlated with the BSQ and the WCS, in respect to their contextually concordant variables. Patients with eating disorders had higher scores both in the EDE-Q 6.0 and the CIA than university women had, supporting good discriminant validity. Conclusions : The EDE-Q version 6.0 and the Korean versions of the CIA had adequate reliability and validity. These data will help clinicians and researchers to use the EDE-Q and the CIA in diagnosis, prevention and intervention of eating disorders in Korea.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.23-41
• /
• 2019

Smart Factory is different from existing factory automation in that it aims to produce personalized products with minimum time and cost through ICT. However, previous researches, not from consumers but from product suppliers, have focused on technology trends and technology application methods. In order for Smart Factory to be successful, it must go beyond supplier-focus to meet the needs of consumers. In this study, we surveyed the purchase intention of the personalized product manufactured by smart factory. Influencing factors of purchase intention were drawn as consumers' need for uniqueness, innovativeness, need for touch, and privacy concern, based on previous research. As results of data analysis, it was confirmed that respondents were willing to purchase personalized products, and that consumers' need for uniqueness, innovativeness, and need for touch had a significant impact on purchase intention of personalized products. Our findings can be summarized as follows. First, Consumers' need for uniqueness was found to have positive effects(${\beta}=0.168$) on purchase intention of personalized products. The desire to differentiate themselves from others will be reflected in their personalized products. Therefore, consumers with a higher desire for uniqueness tend to be more willing to purchase personalized products. Second, consumer innovativeness was found to have positive effects(${\beta}=0.233$) on purchase intention of personalized products. Personalized shoes suggested in this study is a new type of personalized product that is manufactured by the latest information and communication technologies such as multi-function robots and 3D printing. Therefore, consumers seeking innovative new experiences are more willing to purchase personalized products. Third, need for touch was found to have positive effects(${\beta}=0.299$) on purchase intention of personalized products. In a smart factory environment, prosuming participation is given to consumers. If consumers participate in the product development process and reflect their requirements on the product, they are expected to increase their purchase intention by virtually satisfying the need for touch. Fourth, privacy concern was found to have no significantly related to purchase intention of personalized products. This is interpreted as a willingness to tolerate the risk of exposing personal information such as home address, telephone number, body size, and preference for consumers who feel highly useful in personalized products.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.89-100
• /
• 2021

This study evaluated the degree of interaction between the people and the environment using perceived naturalness measure. The seventh-grade index of Hemeroby was divided into subclasses of land cover according to degrees of human influence. The grade was standardized for each indicator to evaluate the current state of urban parks in Seoul by applying probability density function and weight. User evaluation was conducted on six distinctive parks selected. In the results, three implications were found between spatial evaluation according to the perceived naturalness. First, park users evaluated highly for the spaces such as broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest and mixed forest evaluated highly in the Hemeroby grade index. Park users generally recognized that various types of trees in the area had high naturalness. The density of trees is one of the factors in perceived naturalness. Second, water spaces were highly evaluated for naturalness in the Hemeroby grade index. However, the perceived naturalness of water spaces such as inland wetlands, pond and reservoir evaluated in various ways depending on environmental conditions around the park. Third, perceived naturalness is easily evaluated through vertical landscape elements such as trees rather than horizontal landscapes such as grassland. The perceived naturalness is similar to the naturalness evaluation using land cover. However the study found the perceived naturalness for a specific space was different from the Hemeroby index. Perceived naturalness by the user includes the content that the individual sees, hears, and experiences. Park users are usually structuring naturalness through evaluating the value of urban green spaces based on personal perception. Therefore there is no absolute standard criterion for evaluating the naturalness of urban green spaces. A deeper study is needed that considers user bundles or user groups with conflicting interests on the perceived naturalness in urban parks. These studies will be essential data on the direction of naturalness urban park service should provide.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.55-69
• /
• 2021

For the national economic development, the participation of women in the social and economic activities is crucial. The popularization of start-ups, digital transformation, and WEconomy trends have lowered the barriers to opportunities for women to start a business and provide an environment in which women can grow faster. This paper examines the significance and process of success of women entrepreneurs and the characteristics of innovation strategies and achievements by linking the recently changing business environment of a company, factors influencing the success of women entrepreneurship, and innovation activities. To this end, four companies' cases were analyzed in the fields of distribution/service and consumer products/services, which are areas of large investment among female startups. The result shows that women entrepreneurs recognize the meaning of success as creating and continuing to create a 'corporate value through establishing a trust relationship with customers' within the 'balance between personal life and work.' In terms of the business ecosystem, women entrepreneurs strive for 'business activities based on the win-win growth of consumers, producers and sellers' for success, and rather 'focus on the process with a problem-solving approach' rather than achieving performance-oriented goals. Also through excellent power of observation, flexibility, and execution power, women entrepreneurs conduct business by adapting to changing trends. In terms of innovation activities, the innovation strategy of women-led companies puts priority on 'creating the value customers want' and focuses on innovation in the 'customer-centric business model' rather than technological innovation. As such, women-led companies show several differentiated characteristics, which enable them to create corporate value and achieve sustainable growth. The barriers to challenges and opportunities for women to start a business have been lowered, and an ecosystem has been created for female startups to grow. But why are there still so few women entrepreneurs, and the answer to where we need to close these gaps is ultimately a close analysis and investigation of the field. We must present milestones for growth steps through the accumulation of case studies of women startups that have exited. In addition, women can stand as economic agents only when the policy targets are subdivided and specific approaches to child-rearing and childcare for women entrepreneurs must be taken. This paper expects to serve as basic data for follow-up studies and become the basis of research for women entrepreneurs to grow as economic agents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.55 no.1
• /
• pp.174-187
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate an education program for housewives to reduce sodium intake based on the social cognitive theory. Methods: Housewives (n = 387) received 2 education sessions focused on food purchase and cooking, and completed a questionnaire on their perceptions of environmental, cognitive, and behavioral factors and the stages of behavioral change to reducing sodium intake both before and after the education program. Results: After the education program, the recognition of social efforts for sodium reduction and sodium labeling and experience with low-sodium products increased. Positive expectancies for the prevention of osteoporosis by the reduction of sodium were enhanced while the main barriers in practicing sodium reduction decreased, especially 'interrupting social relationships when dining with others', 'bad taste', 'preference for soup or stew', and 'limited knowledge and skills to practice'. In addition, cognition and nutrition knowledge related to reducing sodium intake were improved on all scores, but the effect on self-efficacy and dietary behavior was limited to only a few items. The percentage of participants in the pre-action stage (including pre-contemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages) for reducing sodium intake decreased from 43.2% before education to 21.5% after education, while that in the action stage increased from 19.6% before education to 43.5% after education (p < 0.001). The education program had the most significant impact on participants who were in the pre-action stage and showed improved scores in all sections. Conclusion: These results suggest that a customized education program for housewives could be an effective tool to reduce sodium intake by improving personal expectancies, cognition, and nutrition knowledge regarding sodium reduction and enabling a greater section of the population to move to the action stage of reducing sodium intake.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.99-111
• /
• 2023

This study aims to confirm that consumers' satisfaction with online shopping websites has changed to a phenomenon different from the past. In other words, in a situation where the use of e-commerce is expanding worldwide after the pandemic and various types of commerce such as mobile commerce and social commerce are formed, the consumer's information processing and decision-making process are meaningful in examining the behavior that has been changed based on the perceived motivation level of consumers by the new environment according to the consumption value and personal characteristics perceived by the consumer. In other words, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of consumption value and need for cognition on the satisfaction toward online websites as a mediating role in the trust of the website. As a result of testing Hypothesis 1, not only the hedonic value of the consumer for the website but also the utilitarian value had a positive influence on the satisfaction toward the website, and in particular, the utilitarian value showed a relatively greater influence than the hedonic value. However, the negative relationship between the need for cognition and satisfaction was found to be at a significant level under one-sided verification. In Hypothesis 2, only the utilitarian value among the consumption values of 2-1 showed a positive effect on satisfaction through a mediating role of trust. It was confirmed that the utilitarian value among the consumption values was an important factor in the satisfaction toward the website. The significance of this study is that, unlike previous research results, not only consumption value based on senses and emotions but also utilitarian value has a greater influence. Therefore, utilitarian value and need for cognition have a stronger influence on satisfaction if they play a mediating role based on the trust of the website used by consumers. These findings reflect the current market trend of online consumption, and they are helpful in the management and strategy of online websites based on consumer behavior understanding and major factors.