• Title/Summary/Keyword: Persistence of the Life

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Benefits and risks of therapeutic alternatives for macrolide resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children

  • Yang, Hyeon-Jong
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.62 no.6
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    • pp.199-205
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    • 2019
  • Although Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) has been generally susceptible to macrolides, the emergence of macrolide-resistant MPP (MRMP) has made its treatment challenging. MRMP rapidly spread after the 2000s, especially in East Asia. MRMP is more common in children and adolescents than in adults, which is likely related to the frequent use of macrolides for treating M. pneumoniae infections in children. MRMP is unlikely to be related to clinical, laboratory, or radiological severity, although it likely prolongs the persistence of symptoms and the length of hospital stay. Thereby, it causes an increased burden of the disease and poor quality of life for the patient as well as a societal socioeconomic burden. To date, the only alternative treatments for MRMP are secondary antimicrobials such as tetracyclines (TCs) or fluoroquinolones (FQs) or systemic corticosteroids; however, the former are contraindicated in children because of concerns about potential adverse events (i.e., tooth discoloration or tendinopathy). A few guidelines recommended TCs or FQs as the second-line drug of choice for treating MRMP. However, there have been no evidence-based guidelines. Furthermore, safety issues have not yet been resolved. Therefore, this article aimed to review the benefits and risks of therapeutic alternatives for treating MRMP in children and review the recommendations of international or regional guidelines and specific considerations for their practical application.

The Effects of Temperament, Social Support and Emotion Regulation on the Positive Psychological Capital of Middle School Students (중학생의 기질, 사회적지지 및 정서조절능력이 긍정심리자본에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Ara;Lee, Sook
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.57-77
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    • 2016
  • Objective: This study examined the influences of general characteristics, temperament, social support, and emotional regulation on the positive psychological capital of adolescents. The data were collected from 672 middle school students living in Gwangju. Methods: Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analyses and hierarchical regression analyses. Results: Temperament best explained positive psychological capital. In terms of individual factors, self-emotion regulation had the greatest effect on positive psychological capital, followed by friend support, persistence temperament, others emotion regulation, academic achievement, harm avoidance temperament, gender, and family support, in that order. Conclusion: The results for the effects of temperament, social support and emotion regulation on adolescent's positive psychological capital highlights the important roles played by the temperament, social support, and emotion regulation in improving an adolescent's positive psychological capital. The study contributes to the literature by proving fundamental insights into an adolescent's psychological strengths and higher quality of life.

A Study of Expression Methods and Aesthetic Meanings of Maximalism Appeared in Modern Hair Ornaments (현대 머리장식에 표현된 맥시멀리즘의 표현기법과 미적 의미에 관한 연구)

  • Moon, Ji Ae;Kwon, Gi Young
    • Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.493-503
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    • 2013
  • This study analyzes expression methodology and aesthetic meanings in modern hair ornaments that adopt maximalism. Maximalism has appeared in various hair ornaments throughout history. Hair dresses are used for many reasons related to class, social position, religious beliefs, and occupation throughout the Eastern and Western hemispheres. A higher class and social position was often denoted by a fancier and bigger hairdress. In modern society maximalism is expressed in literature, expressionism, maxi-marketing, exaggerative advertisements, and symbolic architecture. Formative expression methodologies in modern hair ornaments that adopt maximalism are transform, overlapping & exaggeration, and mixing & edition. The aesthetic meanings of maximalism in hair ornaments are the reinterpretation of retro ornaments, the exaggeration of internal self-expression, humorous symbolic objects, and the conveyance of a social critical message. The advantages of maximalism help people communicate and co-provide an abundant life. These are expected to create significant and numerous positive impacts in society. In addition, the continued efforts on the investment in hair ornaments that express Maximalism well as a fashion trend shows that further study on the persistence, practicality and recognized design inconvenience in the aesthetic value are needed.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin-glycine acetate after single oral administration and medication with drinking water in broilers

  • Lim, Jong-hwan;Lim, Byoung-yong;Park, Byung-kwon;Kim, Myong-seok;Jang, Beom-su;Park, Seung-chun;Yun, Hyo-in
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.201-206
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    • 2004
  • Norfloxacin (NFX) is a fluorquinolone antibacterial agent with a high antimicrobial activity and might have great potential for treating common infections in poultry. The objective of this study was to obtain comparative pharmacokinetic data after a single oral administration and medication with drinking water of norfloxacin-glycine acetate (NFX-GA) at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg bw in broilers. Fifty minutes following oral administration of NFX-GA, serum concentrations peaked at $1.32{\mu}g/mL$ (range $1.03-1.45{\mu}g/mL$). Serum concentration of NFX declined with a half-life of $7.21{\pm}1.81$ h. On the third day after administration of medicated drinking water, steady-state was reached, with mean concentrations of NFX of $0.70{\pm}0.35{\mu}g/mL$. The concentration of NFX after medication of NFX-GA with drinking for 3 days provides sufficient levels to obtain maximum therapeutic effects and maintains the serum persistence of concentration exceeding MIC.

Research Trends in Diabetes Mellitus Self-Management Intervention: The Scoping Review (당뇨병 자가관리 중재 연구동향: 주제범위 문헌고찰)

  • Lee, Jiyoung
    • Journal of muscle and joint health
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.113-123
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: The present study aims to identify research trends on diabetes mellitus (DM) self-management intervention, suggesting directions for follow-up studies through a scoping review. Methods: This study conducted the scoping review process outlined by Arskey and O' Malley using the JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) template. The databases used were Riss, Kiss, NDSL, KMbase, Google Scholar. This study searched the literature published between January 2011 and November 2021 by entering keywords related to DM self-management. Results: Thirty-five studies were selected for analysis. The period for 24 articles was 12 weeks or longer. The interventions consisted of education, exercise, counseling, and coaching. Not all studies applied the theory of behavior change. Fourteen studies included three factors relating to behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and blood sugar changes to measure effectiveness, while ten studies included all four factors. Most interventions were effective both in DM self-management and self-care. Further, the intervention persistence effect of each study varied. Conclusion: While research on DM self-management intervention has been conducted at domestically and abroad, this decreased during COVID-19 pandemic. This study suggests the importance of systematically developing effective necessary optimal DM self-management interventions that can change behaviors to prevent diabetic complications and improve quality of life.

Psychrophilic Extremophiles from Antarctica: Biodiversity and Biotechnological Potential

  • Bowman John P.;Abell Gyu C.J.;Nichols Carol A. Mancuso
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.221-230
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    • 2005
  • Recently there has been a rapid accumulation of knowledge of microbial life in cold and frozen ecosystems. This understanding has revealed the extensive diversity of psychrophilic prokaryotes. Cultivation-based and molecular-based surveys have been performed in Antarctic habitats ranging from glacial ice to continental shelf sediments. Results indicate that psychrophilic taxa permeate throughout the Bacteria while they represent a more mysterious element of diversity in the Archaea owing to a notable lack of cultured strains. In certain cold climate ecosystems the diversity of psychrophilic populations reach levels comparable to the richest temperate equivalents. Within these communities must exist tremendous genetic diversify that is potentially of fundamental and of practical value. So far this genetic pool has been hardly explored. Only recently have genomic data become available for various psychrophilic prokaryotes and more is required. This owes to the fact that psychrophilic microbes possess manifold mechanisms for cold adaptations, which not only Provide enhanced survival and Persistence but Probably also contributes to niche specialisation. These mechanisms, including cold-active and ice-active proteins, polyunsaturated lipids and exopolysaccharides also have a great interest to biotechnologists.

Association of wheezing phenotypes with fractional exhaled nitric oxide in children

  • Shim, Jung Yeon
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.57 no.5
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    • pp.211-216
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    • 2014
  • Asthma comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by airway inflammation, airway obstruction, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Airway inflammation, which induces AHR and recurrence of asthma, is the main pathophysiology of asthma. The fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) level is a noninvasive, reproducible measurement of eosinophilic airway inflammation that is easy to perform in young children. As airway inflammation precedes asthma attacks and airway obstruction, elevated FeNO levels may be useful as predictive markers for risk of recurrence of asthma. This review discusses FeNO measurements among early-childhood wheezing phenotypes that have been identified in large-scale longitudinal studies. These wheezing phenotypes are classified into three to six categories based on the onset and persistence of wheezing from birth to later childhood. Each phenotype has characteristic findings for atopic sensitization, lung function, AHR, or FeNO. For example, in one birth cohort study, children with asthma and persistent wheezing at 7 years had higher FeNO levels at 4 years compared to children without wheezing, which suggested that FeNO could be a predictive marker for later development of asthma. Preschool-aged children with recurrent wheezing and stringent asthma predictive indices also had higher FeNO levels in the first 4 years of life compared to children with wheezing and loose indices or children with no wheeze, suggesting that FeNO measurements may provide an additional parameter for predicting persistent wheezing in preschool children. Additional large-scale longitudinal studies are required to establish cutoff levels for FeNO as a risk factor for persistent asthma.

Relations among Toddlers' Temperament, Maternal Parenting, and Social Withdrawal and Aggression (걸음마기 아동의 기질 및 어머니의 양육행동과 사회적 위축 및 공격성 간의 관계)

  • Park, Bo-Kyung
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.67-81
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    • 2013
  • This study examined the relations among toddlers' temperament, maternal parenting, and toddlers' social withdrawal and aggression. One hundred and two mothers of two-year-old children (49 boys and 53 girls) completed questionnaires and Q-sort. Data were analyzed by correlation analyses and regression analyses. First, toddlers' pleasure was negatively related to social withdrawal, while social fearfulness was positively related to social withdrawal. Also, toddlers' activity level and anger proneness were positively related to aggression. Second, the encouragement of independence in maternal parenting was negatively linked to toddlers' social withdrawal, and maternal rejection was positively linked to toddlers' aggression. Third, toddlers' pleasure and interest/persistence were positively associated with mothers' encouragement of independence, and toddlers' activity level and anger proneness were positively associated with mothers' rejection. Finally, mothers' encouragement of independence acted as a mediator between toddlers' pleasure and social withdrawal. Also, toddlers' activity level and anger proneness influenced aggression through maternal rejection. These results indicate that toddlers' temperament and maternal parenting play crucial roles in the development of toddlers' maladaptive behaviors such as social withdrawal and aggression.

Population Genetic Structure of Potentilla discolor Bunge, Rosaceae in Korea (한국내 솜양지꽃의 집단 유전 구조)

  • Huh, Man-Kyu
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.898-903
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    • 2006
  • The genetic diversity and population structure of fifteen Potentilla discolor Bunge populations in Korea were determined using genetic variations at 19 allozyme loci. Fourteen of the 19 loci (73.7%) showed detectable polymorphism. Genetic diversity at the species level and at the population level was high ($H_{ES}\;=\;0.215$, $H_{EP}\;=\;0.196$, respectively), whereas the extent of the population divergence was relatively low $(G_{ST}\;=\;0.069)$. Total genetic diversity values $(H_T)$ varied between 0.0 and 0.656, giving an average overall polymorphic loci of 0.292. The interlocus variation of genetic diversity within populations $(H_S)$ was high (0.274). On a per locus basis, the proportion of total genetic variation due to differences among populations $(G_{ST})$ ranged from 0.010 for Pgm-2 to 0.261 for Pgd-2 with a mean of 0.069, indicating that about 6.9% of the total allozyme variation was among populations. Wide geographic ranges, perennial herbaceous nature and the persistence of multiple generations are associated with the high level of genetic variation in P. discolor. The estimate of gene flow based on $G_{ST}$ was high among Korean populations of P. discolor (Nm = 3.36).

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Potentilla freyniana in Korea (한국내 세잎양지꽃의 유전적 다양성과 집단구조)

  • Huh, Man-Kyu
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.17 no.7 s.87
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    • pp.877-881
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    • 2007
  • The genetic diversity and population structure of Potentilla freyniana in Korea were determined using genetic variations at 19 allozyme loci. Thirteen of the 19 loci (68.4%) showed detectable polymorphism. Genetic diversity at the population level was high ($H_{EP}$ = 0.270). Total genetic diversity values ($H_T$) varied between 0.190 and 0.584, giving an average overall polymorphic loci of 0.371. The interlocus variation of genetic diversity within populations ($H_S$) was high (0.354). On a per locus basis, the proportion of total genetic variation due to differences among populations ($G_{ST}$) ranged from 0.008 for Fe-2 to 0.310 for Gpi with a mean of 0.065, indicating that about 6.5% of the total allozyme variation was among populations. Wide geographic ranges, perennial herbaceous nature and the persistence of multiple generations are associated with the high level of genetic variation in P. freyniana. The estimate of gene flow based on $G_{ST}$, was high among Korean populations of P. freyniana (Nm =3.57). Although P. freyniana usually propagated by asexually-produced ramets, I could not rule out the possibility that sexual reproduction occurred at a low rate because each ramet may produce terminal flowers.