• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제20권9호
• /
• pp.1331-1338
• /
• 2010

This study was designed to investigate the potentially protective effects of Curcuma longa Linn. extract (CLE) on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with 50 or 100mg/kg of CLE or 100mg/kg of butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT) for 14 days before $CCl_4$ administration. In addition, the CLE control group was pretreated with 100mg/kg CLE for only 14 days. Three hours after the final treatment, a single dose of $CCl_4$ (20mg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally to each group. After the completion of this phase of the experiment, food and water were removed 12 h prior to the next step. The rats were then anesthetized by urethane and their blood and liver were collected. It was observed that the aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities of the serum, and the hepatic malondialdehyde levels had significantly decreased in the CLE group when compared with the $CCl_4$-treated group. The antioxidant activities, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, in addition to glutathione content, had increased considerably in the CLE group compared with the $CCl_4$-treated group. Phase II detoxifying enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferase, were found to have significantly increased in the CLE group as opposed to the $CCl_4$-treated group. The content of Nrf2 was determined by Western blot analysis. Pretreated CLE increased the level of nuclear translocated Nrf2, and the Nrf2 then increased the activity of the antioxidant and phase II detoxifying enzymes. These results indicate that CLE has protective effects against $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, via activities of antioxidant and phase II detoxifying enzymes, and through the activation of nuclear translocated Nrf2.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제51권4호
• /
• pp.338-346
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 Schizosaccharomyces pombe의 단백질2황화물이성질화효소 2 (Pdi2)가 수은 독성에 대한 저항성에 관여하는지를 입증하기 위하여, Pdi2 과잉 발현 재조합 플라즈미드 pYPDI2와 대응되는 벡터플라즈미드인 pRS316을 사용하여 수행되었다. 염화제2수은($25{\mu}M$, $50{\mu}M$, $200{\mu}M$)에 노출되었을 때, pYPDI2 포함 S. pombe 세포는 벡터 포함 대조 세포보다 훨씬 더 잘 성장하였다. pYPDI2 포함 S. pombe 세포는, 6시간 동안 염화제2수은과 같이 배양하였을 때, 벡터 포함 대조 세포보다 낮은 세포 내 활성산소종과 일산화질소 수준을 나타내었다. 반면, 같은 배양 조건에서, pYPDI2 포함 S. pombe 세포는 벡터 포함 대조 세포보다 높은 수준의 총 글루타치온 및 수퍼옥시드 디스뮤타아제을 나타내었다. 그러나, pYPDI2 포함 S. pombe 세포는 벡터 포함 대조 세포와 비슷한 수준의 글루타치온과산화효소 활성을 보여 주었다. 종합하면, S. pombe Pdi2는 총 글루타치온과 수퍼옥시드 디스뮤타아제 활성을 증가시켜, 그에 따라 활성산소종과 일산화질소의 상승을 억제함으로써 수은 독성에 대한 저항성에 관여한다.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2015

Objectives : The aim of present study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of Scutellariae Radix (SR) and Scutellariae Radix EtOH-heated at 200℃ (SR200) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated intestine of mice.Methods : Extract of SR and SR200 were orally administrated. Their effects were compared with vehicletreated LPS and normal groups. Subsequently, we measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide in the serum and western blotting in the intestine.Results : The average weight in LPS treated (Vehicle) group was lowered significantly compare to that in non-treated normal group and this weight loss in the vehicle group was effectively prevented by the administration of SR and SR200 respectively. The increased oxidative stress biomarker levels such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in the serum was markedly decreased by treated with SR200. The decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) induced by LPS injection were significantly restored by both SR and SR200 treatment. Moreover, increased inflammatory mediators and cytokines such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the LPS treated vehicle mice were significantly decreased through down-regulation c-JUN through reduction of oxidative stress.Conclusions : SR and SR200 could have benefit effect through down-regulation of abnormal oxidative stress in LPS induced intestine injury mice. Moreover, The anti-inflammatory activity of SR200 extract was better than SR extract in the LPS induced intestine injury mice.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.411-418
• /
• 2007

솔잎 열수추출물이 카드뮴으로 유도한 흰쥐의 산화적 손상에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 체중 kg당 5mg의 카드뮴$(CdCl_2)$을 매주 1회 경구투여하였다. 솔잎은 매일 일정시각에 체중 kg당 1.26g수준이 되도록 4주간 경구투여 사육한 결과 카드뮴과 솔잎 열수추출은 체중에는 영향을 미치지 않았으며 솔잎 열수추출물은 식이섭취량을 감소시켰다. 체중 100g당 간조직 무게는 카드뮴 대조군이 정상군에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였으며 솔잎 열수추출물은 간조직 무게를 감소시키는 경향이었다 혈장 중의 AST와 ALT활성은 카드뮴 투여에 의해 유의적으로 증가되었으나 솔잎 열수추출물에 의해 ALT활성이 카드뮴 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소되었다. 혈장 알부민 함량은 실험군간의 차이가 없었으나 크레아티닌 함량은 솔잎 열수추출물 급여시 낮았다. 카드뮴 투여시 간조직의 CYP함량은 유의적으로 감소되었으며 솔잎 열수추출물에 의한 영향은 없었다. 한편 XO와 ADH활성은 솔잎 열수추출물군이 정상군과 카드뮴 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 높았다. 또한 카드뮴 투여에 인해 유의적으로 높아진 SOD, MAO, CAT 및 GSH-Px 활성도는 솔잎 열수추출물에 의해 정상수준으로 회복되었다. 간조직 중의 글루타티온 함량은 솔잎 열수추출물 급여에 의한 차이가 발견되지 않았으나 MDA함량은 솔잎 열수추출물 급여군에서 카드뮴 대조군에 비하여 유의적인 감소를 보임으로써 카드뮴에 의해 유도된 지질과산화가 솔잎 열수추출물 급여로 개선될 수 있음을 제시한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제42권10호
• /
• pp.1525-1532
• /
• 2013

말채나무 열수추출물의 항산화 활성을 알아보기 위해 HepG2 세포에 TBHP로 산화 스트레스를 유도한 뒤 말채나무 열수추출물의 세포 보호효과, ROS 생성억제, 지질과산화 억제 및 GSH 생성에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 말채나무 열수추출물은 HepG2 세포에 TBHP로 산화 스트레스를 유도한 뒤 나타나는 세포독성에 대해 농도 의존적으로 유의하게 세포 보호효과를 보였으며, ROS 생성과 과산화물에 대한 지표로서 측정한 MDA도 말채나무 열수추출물에 의해 효과적으로 억제되었다(P<0.05). 또한 항산화 성분으로 생체 내에서 산화 및 환원반응에 중요한 역할을 하며 항산화 효소인 GSH-Px, GST에 전자공여체로 작용하는 GSH의 생성촉진 효능에서도 말채나무 열수추출물은 산화 스트레스로 감소된 GSH의 생성을 농도 의존적으로 촉진시켰다(P<0.05). 산화 스트레스에 의해 활성이 증가된 항산화 효소(CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, GR)도 말채나무 열수추출물의 처리로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 보아 말채나무 열수 추출물은 인체 내에서 질병과 노화를 일으키는 원인 물질인 활성산소에 대해 강한 항산화 활성을 나타냄에 따라 보다 다양한 형태의 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.166-170
• /
• 2011

pH와 DO(dissolved oxygen)의 변화는 발효 진행상황을 파악하는데 중요한 요인이다. 일반적으로 효모의 알코올 발효는 술덧 (mash)이 산성 또는 미산성인 경우에 알코올 생성 능력이 좋은 것으로 알려져 있다. 산성막걸리의 1차 담금시 pH는 3.20에서 시작하여 발효가 진행됨에 따라 4.22로 증가하였다. 보통 1차 담금 후 2시간이 경과하였을 때 pH는 3.2정도가 되면 정상발효를 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 72시간 후 2차 담금 시에는 pH가 3.88에서 3.67사이로 확인 하였다. 일반 막걸리의 발효 pH는 4.0~4.6범위인데 본 연구에서는 다소 낮은 pH를 나타내었다. 또 숙성단계에서는 3.72 에서 4.11로 증가하여 산성의 pH를 유지하는 것을 확인하였다. DO의 경우 l차 담금 시 10에서 시작하여 0.8정도로 감소하다가 2차 담금과 숙성 시에는 4.0을 유지하였다. SOD는 superoxide anion을 $H_2O_2$와 $O_2$로 전환시키고 $H_2O_2$는 다시 GPx와 catalase(CAT)에 의해 $H_2O$로 전환됨으로써 SOD, CAT 및 GPx는 활성산소의 독성으로부터 생체를 보호하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 효소이다. SOD 활성도는 LPS를 투여한 대조군이 정상군에 비하여 1.64배 감소하였으며 SM+LPS군의 SOD 활성도는 대조군에 비해 23.29% 증가하여 간 염증이 억제되었음을 확인하였다. LPS로 간 염증을 유발하지 않은 SM군에서는 정상군보다 1.28배 SOD활성이 증가하였다. CAT 활성도에서는 대조군이 정상군에 비해 l.35배 CAT의 활성도를 낮춘 것으로 나타났다. SM+LPS 군의 CAT 활성도는 대조군에 비하여 40.26% 증가함을 확인하였다. SM군은 정상군에 비해 1.03배 CAT의 활성이 증가하였다. GPx활성도는 대조군이 정상군에 비하여 3.78배 감소하였으며 SM+LPS군의 GPx활성도는 대조군에 비하여 11.91% 증가함을 확인하였다. SM군은 GPx활성이 정상군에 비해 0.97배 증가하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 항산화 효소의 활성이 LPS투여로 감소되었으나 SM을 투여한 경우에는 증가하였음을 관찰할 수 있었다. 항산화 효소의 활성의 증가는 간 손상에 관한 간조직의 병리조직학적 관찰을 통하여 입증되었다. 그러므로 산성막걸리 추출물이 항산화 작용에서 효과가 있는 물질로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 2012

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of the ethanol extract from Chrysanthemum cornarium L. var. spatiosum(CSE) against alloxan-induced oxidative stress in pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells, HIT-T15. In this study, the antidiabetic effect of CSE was examined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliu bromide(MTT) cell proliferation assay, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release assay, $NAD^+$/NADH ratio and insulin secretion. To further investigate whether CSE is involved in the antioxidant activity of alloxan-damaged HIT-T15 cells, its antioxidant effect against alloxan-induced oxidative stress was measured in HIT-T15 cells by determining the levels of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione S-transferase(GST), glutathione reductase(GR) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx). The results of this analysis showed that alloxan significantly decreased cell viability, increased LDH leakage, and lowered $NAD^+$/NADH ratio and insulin secretion in HIT-T15 cells. However, CSE significantly increased the viability of alloxan-treated cells and lowered LDH leakage. The intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio and insulin secretion were also significantly increased by 1.7-fold and 1.3-fold, respectively, after treatment with 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ CSE. The HIT-T15 cells treated with alloxan showed significant decreases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, while CSE significantly elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes. These findings suggest that CSE could have a protective effect against cytotoxicity and dysfunction of pancreatic cells in the presence of alloxan-induced oxidative stress.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.804-811
• /
• 2013

The effects and significance of ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid (GABA) producing bacteria (GPB) on in vitro rumen fermentation and reduction of biogenic amines (histamine, methylamine, ethylamine, and tyramine) using corn meal as a substrate were determined. Ruminal samples collected from ruminally fistulated Holstein cows served as inoculum and corn was used as substrate at 2% dry matter (DM). Different inclusion rates of GPB and GABA were evaluated. After incubation, addition of GPB had no significant effect on in vitro fermentation pH and total gas production, but significantly increased the ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) concentration and reduced the total biogenic amines production (p<0.05). Furthermore, antioxidation activity was improved as indicated by the significantly higher concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) among treated samples when compared to the control (p<0.05). Additionally, 0.2% GPB was established as the optimum inclusion level. Taken together, these results suggest the potential of utilizing GPB as feed additives to improve growth performance in ruminants by reducing biogenic amines and increasing anti-oxidation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권9호
• /
• pp.1444-1454
• /
• 2020

Objective: Cold stress induces oxidative damage and impairs energy status of broilers. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) exhibits antioxidant properties and modulates energy metabolism of animals. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of NAC on energy status and antioxidant capacity of heart and liver in the cold-stressed broilers. Methods: The experiment consisted of 4 treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two diets (basal diet or plus 0.1% NAC) and two ambient temperatures (thermoneutral [conventional ambient temperature] or cold stress [10℃±1℃ during days 15 to 42]). Results: No ascites were seen in cold-stressed broilers. NAC did not attenuate the impaired growth performance of stressed birds. However, NAC decreased plasma asparagine but increased aspartate levels in cold-stressed birds (p<0.05). NAC reduced hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) but elevated adenosine diphosphate contents in unstressed birds (p<0.05). The hepatic ratio of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to ATP was increased in birds fed NAC (p<0.05). NAC decreased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level and cardiac total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in unstressed birds, but increased hepatic activities of T-SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in stressed birds (p<0.05). NAC down-regulated hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase but up-regulated cardiac heme-oxigenase mRNA expression in stressed birds, and decreased expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α as well as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in liver and heart of birds. Conclusion: Dietary NAC did not affect energy status but enhanced the hepatic antioxidant capacity by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in cold-stressed broilers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.907-915
• /
• 2014

Alpha-lipoic acid (${\alpha}$-LA) is not only involved in energy metabolism, but is also a powerful antioxidant that can protect against hepatic oxidative stress induced by some drugs, toxins, or under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Here, we investigated the effect of ${\alpha}$-LA against liver oxidative damage in broilers exposed to aflatoxin $B_1$ ($AFB_1$). Birds were randomly divided into four groups and assigned different diets: basal diet, 300 mg/kg ${\alpha}$-LA supplementation in basal diet, diet containing 74 ${\mu}g/kg$ $AFB_1$, and 300 mg/kg ${\alpha}$-LA supplementation in diet containing 74 ${\mu}g/kg$ $AFB_1$, for 3 weeks. The results revealed that the addition of 300 mg/kg ${\alpha}$-LA protected against the liver function damage of broilers induced by chronic low dose of $AFB_1$ as estimated by a significant (p<0.05) change in levels of plasma total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and the activities of liver glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase. The histopathological analysis also showed that liver tissues were injured in the $AFB_1$ diet, but this effect was alleviated by the addition of 300 mg/kg ${\alpha}$-LA. Additionally, $AFB_1$ induced a profound elevation of oxidative stress in birds, as indicated by an increase in malondialdehyde level, a decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity and a depletion of the glutathione content in the liver. All of these negative effects were inhibited by treatment with ${\alpha}$-LA. Our results suggest that the inhibition of $AFB_1$-induced excess production of lipid peroxides and the maintenance of intracellular antioxidant status may play important roles in the protective effects of ${\alpha}$-LA against $AFB_1$-induced oxidative damage in the liver.