• 약학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 1998

To increase the solubility of quercetin, which is a practically insoluble flavonoid of Ginkgo biloba leaf, the effects of nonaqueous vehicles. Their cosolvents, water-sol uble polymers and modified cyclodextrins (CDs) were observed. Polyethylene glycols, diethyleneglycol monoethyl ether, and their cosolvents with water showed a good solvency toward quercetin. Also the aqueous solutions of povidone, copolyvidone and Cremophor RH 40 was effective in solubilizing quercetin. Complex formation of quercetin with ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (${\beta}$-CD), dimethyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextiin (DMCD), 2-hydroxypropyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin sulfobutyl ether (SBCD) in water was investigated by solubility method at $37^{\circ}C$. The addition of CDs in water markedly increased the solubility of quercetin with increasing the concentration. AL type phase solubility diagrams were obtained with CDs studied. Solubilizaton efficiency by CDs was in the order of SBCD >> DMCD > HPCD > ${\beta}$-CD. The dissolution rates of quercetin from solid dispersions with copolyvidone, povidone and HPCD were much faster than those of drug alone and corresponding physical mixtures, and exceeded the equilibrium solubility (3.03${\pm}1.72{\mu}$g/ml). The permeation of quercetin through duodenal mucosa did not occur even in the presence of enhancers such as bile salts, but the permeation was observed when the mucus layer was scraped off. This was due to the fact that quercetin had a strong binding to mucin ($58.5{\mu}$g/mg mucin). However rutin was permeable to the duodenal mucosa. The addition of enhancer significantly increased the permeation of rutin in the order of sodium glycocholate.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.565-574
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• 2007

In this study, five representative, commercially available polymers, Ultem 1000 polyetherimide, Kapton polyimide, phenolic resin, polyacrylonitrile and cellulose acetate, were used to prepare pyrolyzed polymer membranes coated on a porous {\alpha}-alumina$ tube via inert pyrolysis for gas separation. Pyrolysis conditions (i.e., final temperature and thermal dwell time) of each polymer were determined using a thermogravimetric method coupled with real-time mass spectroscopy. The surface area and pore size distribution of the pyrolyzed materials derived from the polymers were estimated from the nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. Pyrolyzed membranes from polymer precursors exhibited type I sorption behavior except cellulose acetate (type IV). The gas permeation of the carbon/{\alpha}-alumina$ tubular membranes was characterized using four gases: helium, carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen. The polyetherimide, polyimide, and phenolic resin pyrolyzed polymer membranes showed typical molecular sieving gas permeation behavior, while membranes from polyacrylonitrile and cellulose acetate exhibited intermediate behavior between Knudsen diffusion and molecular sieving. Pyrolyzed membranes with molecular sieving behavior (e.g., polyetherimide, polyimide, and phenolic resin) had a $CO_2/N_2$ selectivity of greater than 15; however, the membranes from polyacrylonitrile and cellulose acetate with intermediate gas transport behavior had a selectivity slightly greater than unity due to their large pore size.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.269-272
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• 2015

$La_2Ce_2O_7$ and $CeO_2$ membranes were fabricated from the corresponding powders derived from sol-gel process with polyvinyl alcohol binder. These powders and membranes were characterized by XRD, BET, and FE-SEM analysis. Hydrogen and CO gas permeation experiments were performed using Sievert's type equipment. Both fluxes on these membranes were found to decrease with increase of the temperature. This phenomenon was followed by the surface and Knudsen diffusion mechanism. The hydrogen permeability of the $La_2Ce_2O_7$ membrane was found to be $7.27{\times}10^{-5}mol/m^2sPa$, with perm-selectivity of 7.24 at 303 K.

• 멤브레인
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997

A review is presented for various gas transport mechanisms through microporous membranes of both polymeric and inorganic materials. Different transport modes manifest depending on the pore size and the flow regime, which is a function of pressure, temperature, and the interaction between gas molecules and the pore walls. For microporous membranes whose pores are small and the internal surface area huge, the surface diffusion becomes a significant factor. If the pores become even smaller, then the transport mechanism will be more of an activated diffusion type. When conditions are right capillary condensation will take place to create an enormous capillary pressure gradient, which will greatly enhance the permeation flux. At the same time the capillary condensate of the heavier component may block the membrane pores denying the passage of the lighter gas molecules. All of these phenomena will influence the separation of mixtures.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.206-212
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• 1998

The water permeation in protective coatings, which may greatly influence the corrosion protective property of these coatings, was studied using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. During the absorption of water in protective coatings immersed in electrolyte solution, the change of coating capacitance with concentration of electrolyte was determined from impedance measurements. When water absorption or desorption of coatings occured by exposing the coatings to electrolyte solutions of different concentration, increase in impedance caused by desorption of water was found to be higher in the case of thicker film. The amount of water absorbed in coatings changed with concentration of electrolyte. The water taken up in coatings from the solution of lower electrolyte concentration was deserted by contact with the solution of higher concentration. The uptake of water in protective coatings varied depending on the type of coating ingredient especially binder.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1995년도 제3회 심포지움 (분리막 연구의 최신동향)
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• pp.1-13
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• 1995

A review is presented for various gas tranport mechanisms through microporous membranes of both polymeric and inorganic materials. Different transport modes manifest depending on the pore size and the flow regime, which is a function of pressure, temperature, and the inateraction between gas molecules and the pore walls. For microporous membranes whose pores are small and the intenal surface area huge, the surface diffusion becomes a significant factor. If the pores become even smaller, them the transport mechanism will be more of an activated diffusion type. When conditions are right capillary condensation will take place to create an enormous capillary pressure gradient, which will greatly enhance the permeation flux. At the same time the capillary condensate of the heavier component may block the membrane pores denying the passage of the lighter gas molecules. All of these phenomena will influence the separation of mixtures.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.58-67
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• 1990

견 피브로인 막을 통한 투과실험으로, 종전의 견섬유로는 얻을 수 없었던 투과 및 확산거동에 대하여, Dual mechanism을 적용하여 고찰하였으며, 아울러 염료의 구조가 이러한 물리화학적 성질에 가지는 영향에 관해서 고찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 전체적인 확산계수 $D_{(c)}$는 주로 Langmuir-type 확산계수 $D_{L}$에 의해서 결정된다. 2) 농도에 따른 확산계수의 조사에서 Dye I (monobasic dye)에서는 뚜렷한 최대치가 관찰되었으나, Dye III(trisulfonic acid dye)에서 $D_{p}$는 거의 의미가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 3) 견 피브로인에 있어서 산성염료의 확산은 sulfonic acid group의 도입에 따라 정점 느리게 되고, $D_{L}$은 온도의 증가에 따라 더 큰 값을 나타냈다. 4) 염료 음이온의 하전수가 클수록 확산계수는 chemical potential gradient model에 더욱 더 가깝게 된다. 5) 투과의 활성화 에너지는 sulfonic acid group의 도입에 따라 감소되었다.다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 1999

산소농축공기 제조용 폴리설폰 실관막에 대한 산소.질소의 수착 및 투과실험을 수행하였다. 폴리설폰 실관막에 대한 산소의 수착량이 질소의 수착량보다. 1.5배 ~2 배 높았다. 저압영역(약 3 kgf/$cm^2$이하) 에서는 Henry-type 수착량 ($C_D$)이 전체수착량의 약 15% 이었으며, Langmuir 수착이 약 85%이었다. 고압영역(약 3 kgF/$cm^2$이상)에서는 Langmuir 수착은 거의 포화되어 일정한 값에 도달하였으며, Henry 용해에 의한 수착($C_D$ = $k_D$.p) 의 증가에 의하여 전체 수착량이 증가하였다. 산소와 질소의 수착은 dual-mode sorption 모델을 만족시켰다. 산소의 투과 활성화에너지(Ep)가 질소보다 컸고, 이상분리인자 (${O_2}/{N_2}$)는 2~4를 나타내었으나 , 혼합물의 실제 분리인자는 1.7 ~2.2로 낮아졌다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2017

저수지 제방의 그라우팅시 가장 이상적인 주입형태는 침투주입이지만 일반적으로 침투와 할렬주입이 복합적으로 시공되어 원지반의 교란이 발생될 가능성이 존재한다. 이와 같은 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 이상적인 침투주입을 가능하게 하는 그라우트 재료를 이용하여 저압주입과 팽창제를 이용한 주입재의 팽창력으로 그라우팅 주입공 주변에 대한 다짐을 실시하고 순차적으로 그라우트재를 주입하는 방법이 유용하다. 본 연구에서는 그라우트 주입공 주변에 대한 침투다짐효과를 얻기 위하여 하이브리드형 주입재와 팽창제를 혼합한 침투다짐 그라우트를 PC(Permeable Compaction)팩커를 이용하여 주입한 그 효과에 대해 고찰하였다, 본 연구결과, PC팩커와 침투다짐 그라우트를 저수지 보수보강 그라우팅 공사에 적용할 경우 저수지 차수 그라우팅의 성능기준에 부합하는 침투다짐효과가 발휘될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2000

본 연구는 정수처리 공정에서 예상되는 오염물질에 대한 막의 투과성능과 오염현상을 알아보기 위하여 막의 깊이와 운전압력에 따른 압밀화 현상을 검토하였다. 막의 길이와 운전압력이 증가함에 따라 압밀화 현상도 증가하였다. MF막을 오염물질에서 고압(2.0 kg/$cm^2$)과 저압(0.5 kg/$cm^2$)으로 운전할 때, 고압 운전이 막힘현상(clogging)을 가속화 시켜 플럭스를 급격히 감소시키므로 저압 운전이 효과적이다. MF막을 Out-In방식으로 운전하였을 때, 막의 길이와 운전 압력에 관계없이 일정 시간 운전 후 비슷한 플럭스가 나타났다. 미생물 물질에 대한 막오염 현상을 파악하기 위해 중공사막을 강제 오염시킨 후 화학세정을 실시하였다. Biofouling된 막을 화학세정 하였을 때 산화능력이 우수한 $H_2O_2$와 NaOCl이 NaOH에 비해 살균능력과 탈착능력이 우수하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.