• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2008

Many kinds of mass spectrometer type leak detectors have been widely used for detecting leak of vacuum processes in semiconductor and display industries etc. The leak detectors should be often calibrated by the permeation type standard leak in order to ensure accurate and reproducible leak measurement. We have developed a comparative calibration system for permeation type standard leak by using mass spectrometer type leak detector and specification of the calibration method. Following this technique the reliable calibration for leak standard ran be performed even in fields.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.447-457
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to prepare the adhesive type patch containing flurbiprofen, and to demonstrate the feasibility of flurbiprofen administration through the intact skin using adhesive type patch preparation. For this purpose, two pressure sensitive adhesives, Polyisobutylene(PIB) and $Gelva^{\circledR}737$, were selected from the chemical grade of polymers, and the adhesive type patches of flurbiprofen were prepared. The release rate of flurbiprofen from the PIB-based adhesive patch was higher than that from $Gelva^{\circledR}737$ based adhesive patch. The release rate of flurbiprofen from the PIB-based A-type patch with 1.0mm, 1.5mm or 2.0mm thicknesses followed the first order kinetics. In the skin permeation study, using male hairless mouse skin, a monophasic skin permeation profile was observed with 1% flurbiprofen loading dose. The inclusion of palmitic acid or SLS(0.25~0.5%) as an enhancer produced a remarkable enhancement in the skin permeation rate of flurbiprofen, and the percentile ratio of drug and enhancer appeared to be important for the effective enhancement. In the in vivo percutaneous absorption study, the plasma concentration of the optimal formulation was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of the conventional cataplasma ($Bifen^{\circledR}$). These studies demonstrate a good feasibility of flurbiprofen administration through the intact skin using a transdermal patch, and show a possibility of the development of flurbiprofen patches.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 1998

Permeation behavior of the semiconductor rinsing wastewater containing Si particles was examined by ultrafiltration using the polysulfone plate membrane. The permeation flux was gradually decreased with time. It was due to the growth of cake deposited on the membrane surface and the pore plugging by Si particles. Permeation flux of cross flow type was 1.4 times higher than that of the dead end flow type. Nitrogen back flushing which is the removing method of membrane fouling was superior to the water sweeping. With nitrogen back flushing, the decrease of permeation flux due to the fouling was recovered about 85 % to the initial flux in the flat plate membrane system. The rejection rate of Si particles was about 90 % and the size of Si particle in the permeate was about 70 nm.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1998

The effect of synthetic polymer membranes on the permeation rate of dideoxynucleoside-type anti-HIV drugs through hairless rat skin was studied using ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymer (EMA) membranes fabricated by solvent casting method. In vitro skin permeation kinetics study of DDC (2',3'-dideoxythymidine), DDI (2',3'-dideoxyinosine) and AZT (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine) across the (membrane/skin) composite was conducted for 24 hours at $37^{\circ}C$ using the Valia-Chien skin permeation system. The results showed that skin permeation rate of each drug across the (skin/membrane) composite was mainly dependent on the property of the membrane. Proper selection of the polymeric membrane which resembles hydrophilicity/lipophilicity of the delivering drug was important in controlling the skin permeation rate.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare permeation characteristics in three skin types using oil-soluble benzoic acid and water-soluble caffeine after method condition optimization based on OECD guideline 428. Methods: A Franz diffusion cell, a reliable alternative method for skin permeation, was used. One-milliliter samples were taken and immediately replaced with fresh solution in the receptor chamber at regular time intervals (1, 2, 4, 7, 10 and 24 hr). The amount of test substances was measured by LC-MS/MS. Results: The permeation rate increased dose-dependently, and the permeation orders were $KeraSkin^{TM}$ > hairless mouse full skin > human cadaver epidermis for skin types, and benzoic acid solution > caffeine solution > benzoic acid cream > caffeine cream for type of test materials. Conclusion: According to the definitions of Marzulli, benzoic acid and caffeine would be classified as 'fast' and 'moderate' compared with the permeation of other chemical species. The setting conditions and permeation characteristics performed in this study are expected to contribute to future permeation studies.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.231-236
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• 1995

Effects of sodium salts of various monovalent inorganic anions on transdermal permeation of salicylic acid were investigated. In in-vitro experiment using a Franz-type diffusion cell and excisicylic acid were investigated. In-vitro experiment using a Franze-type diffusion cell and excised mouse skin, the permeation-enhancing activities of the sodium salts of inoraganic anions were rougly proportional to lyotropic Hofmeister serlling abilities of the anions l F/sup -/

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.343-348
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to prepare the controlled release adhesive patch containing naproxen. Pressuresensitive adhesive (PSA)-type patch was fabricated by casting of polyisobutylene (PIE.) and mineral oil in toluene. Membrane-controlled release (MCR)-type patch was prepared by the attachment of the controlled release membrane on the PSAtype patch. The membrane was mainly composed of Eudragit, polyethylene glycol(PEG) and glycerin. The drug release profile and skin permeation test with various patches were evaluated in vitro. The release of naproxen from PIE-based PSAtype patch with various loading doses fitted Higuchi's diffusion equation. However, the permeation of naproxen through hairless mouse skin from PSA-type patch followed zero-order kinetics. In MCR-type patch, thickness of controlled release membrane affected on the drug release rate highly. In the composition of membrane, the release rate was decreased as the ratio of Eudragit increased. The drug release from the MCR-type patch followed zero order kinetics. The permeation of naproxen through hairless mouse skin from MCR-type patch showed lag time for the intial release period and didn't fit the zero-order kinetics

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.234-236
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• 2015

$Y_2O_3$-SiC composite membrane was dip-coated using $Y_2O_3$ sol solution; this membrane was compared with a non- coated one. Each membrane was characterized by XRD, FE-SEM and BET techniques. Hydrogen and CO permeation were tested with self-manufactured Sievert's type equipment. $Y_2O_3$ coating was enhanced for the selectivity of the membrane ($H_2$ versus CO). The hydrogen permeation was measured at 1 bar with increasing temperatures. In case of the coated membrane, hydrogen permeation was found to be $1.24{\times}10^{-7}mol/m^2sPa$ with perm-selectivity of 4.26 at 323 K.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.22 no.A
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• pp.249-254
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• 2002

The surface of tube-type alumina substrate was modified with a silane coupling agent in order to modify the membrane surface with hydrophobicity. Contact angle of water drops on modified membrane was greater than $90^{\circ}$. The modified membrane was tested in pervaporation and vapor permeation for the recovery of menthol from dilute menthol/water mixture. With increasing menthol concentration in the feed at $45^{\circ}C$, permeation rate of menthol in pervaporation and vapor permeation increased from $0.039(g/m^2hr)$ to $0144(g/m^2hr)$ and from. $0.077(g/m^2hr)$ to $0.297(g/m^2hr)$ respectively. When feed concentration is 0.005(g/L) at $45^{\circ}C$, separation factor for menthol in pervaporation and vapor permeation is 20,7 and 40.5 respectively.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and optimize permeability of slim patch type as a transdermal delivery system of caffein. Slim patch type was formulated and tested in modified Franz diffusion cell across cellulose membrane and hairless mouse skin in pH 5.8 phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The effect of $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ and drug concentration on permeation at four model, 1,2% $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ with $0.12\;mg/cm^2$ caffein and 0.12, $1.2\;mg/cm^2$ caffein with 2% $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ through hairless mouse skin was studied in vitro. The release of caffein from slim patch with various loading was fitted by the Higuchi's diffusion equation. The result showed that chemical $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ produced a large and significant increase of permeation. The effect of 2% $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ on permeation of caffein was greater about 10-fold greater than 1% $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ in first 60 minutes. The effect of drug concentration, however, was lower than that produced by chemical $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$. Within the tested system, the most efficient combination for caffein slim patch type was $0.12\;mg/cm^2$ caffein with 2% $Pharmsolv^{\circledR},$ although $1.2\;mg/cm^2$ caffein with 2% $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ showed highest amounts permeation, because permeated percentages were significantly lower about $1/4{\sim}1/5$ times.