• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.397-401
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• 2011

Aspiration of lytic bone lesions is an excellent diagnostic test in the initial evaluation of primary bone tumor. However, cytologically, it can be difficult to differentiate osteosarcoma (OSA) from other bone neoplasms, including fibrosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, synovial cell sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. The purpose of this study is to introduce alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining to differentiate OSA from other mesenchymal tumors. Tumors actively producing bone are specifically positive for ALP staining. Unstained, cytologic specimens were incubated for 10 minutes with nitroblue tetrazolium chloride/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate toluidine salt-phosphatase substrate. Among 20 cases of cytology specimen, 14 were positive for ALP staining and histopathology, 6 were negative for ALP staining and histopathology. ALP staining was 100% sensitive and specificity for the diagnosis of OSA. Aspirate cytology with ALP staining was a simple, fast, safe and accurate diagnostic test for the evaluation of suspected OSA lesions in dogs.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Purpose: Tumors arising in the foot and ankle are uncommon and the malignant tumors are known to be rare compared with those of the other sites. We analyzed the clinical data of patients who have been diagnosed as having a tumor of the foot and ankle. Materials and Methods: From 1989 to 2006, we analyzed 185 patients who have been treated surgically and were pathologically confirmed of having tumors of the foot and ankle. Their clinical characteristics were reviewed retrospectively. Results: One hundred and fifty-seven cases were benign (84.9%) and 28 cases (15.1%) were malignant. 108 cases (58.4%) were benign soft tissue tumors and 49 cases (26.5%) were benign bone tumors. Malignant tumors included 17 cases (9.2%) of soft tissue tumors, 8 cases (4.3%) of primary bone tumors and 3 cases (1.6%) of metastatic bone tumors. The most common benign soft tissue tumor was ganglion (23 cases). Enchondroma (9 cases) was the most common among the benign bone tumors. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor was the most common malignant tumor (4 cases). The predilection site for benign tumors was at the forefoot around toes while for the malignant tumor was around the ankle. 4.6% of benign soft tissue tumors and 8.2% of benign bone tumors had locally recurred and 14 cases (50%) of malignant tumor were confirmed as having distant metastasis. Conclusion: The ratio of malignant tumor and its metastasis rate was high. Therefore, the histopathologic confirmation is essential when treating tumors of the foot and ankle.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.201-207
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• 1999

Malignant tumors of the hand are very rare. Between 1989 and 1998, 17 patients with malignant tumors of the hand were evaluated for clinical features, prevalence, treatment and results. The mean age was 45 years and median duration of follow-up was 38 months. A painless mass was the most common symptom and the most common lesion was the digit. Fifteen cases of soft tissue and 2 cases of bone tumor were diagnosed. On pathology, soft tissue tumors were comprised of 8 cases of malignant melanoma, 2 cases of angiosarcoma and 1 case each of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, extraskeletal chondrosarcoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Bone tumors were metastatic tumors and each originated from the rectal cancer or lung cancer. Lymph node involvements were noted in 4 cases of malignant melanoma and 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma. Six cases of metacarpo-phalangeal joint disarticulation and 4 cases of phalanx amputation were performed. Wide excision, ray amputation and below-elbow amputation were also performed. Three cases expired due to metastasis and progression of the original lesion. Among the surviving 14 cases, a malignant melanoma had metastasis on the axillary lymph node and 13 cases showed no local recurrence or metastasis during the follow-up.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 1997

Twenty hundred and five out of 266 patients who were registered in Korea Cancer Center Hospital from Mar. 1985 to Jan. 1994, were analyzed in the aspect of survival and local recurrence. Fifty one patients were excluded due to inadequate data and follow up. Prognostic factors for survival were evaluated statistically. One hundred and four cases were male, 101 female. Average age was 39.7(range 1 to 77) year with a peak incidence around 4th decade. The most frequent diagnosis was malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH)(24.1%). Liposarcoma, synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and fibrosarcoma were relatively common diagnostic entities, in decreasing order. In location, extremity was 179(87.3%) and trunk 26(12.7%). Average follow up period was 7.5 years(6 months to 10 years). Actuarial 5 years and 10 years survival rate were 64.0% and 40.8% respectively. In univariate analysis with log-lank test, significant differences in survival rate were noted in histopathological diagnosis, size(10 cm), stage and metastasis. Age, sex, tumor location, tumor depth and local recurrence didn't affect the survival rate. Adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy did not affect overall survival rate, but lowered the local recurrence rate when compared with surgery only. Surgical margin did not affect the survival rate, but local recurrence rate was different according to each margin; 5.7% in more than wide; 39.5% in marginal; and 60.0% in intralesional excision. In multivariate analysis for results of univariate analysis with Cox's propotional model, metastasis was a meaningful factor for survival of soft tissue sarcoma.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.890-893
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• 2011

Purpose: Schwannoma is a slow-growing, encapsulated benign peripheral nerve tumor that originates from the Schwann cell of the nerve sheath. Schwannoma most frequently involves the major nerve. Schwannoma of the foot is rare. This is a report of our experience with a small, deep-seated, and non-palpable schwannoma occurring in the foot. Methods: A 42-year-old woman presented with the plantar pain of the right foot during 2 years. Physical examination did not identified a palpable mass. She made a clinical diagnosis of plantar fasciitis and was conservatively treated 2 years ago. Since her plantar foot pain was aggravated, she was recently visited again. For the evaluation of her plantar foot pain, sonographic examination of the whole right foot was performed, and it revealed a small hypoechoic hetergenous, deep-seated mass beneath the plantar aponeurosis. At operation, a $0.7{\times}0.6{\times}0.4$ cm sized, ovoid, yellowish grey mass was removed. Results: Histology was confirmed that the mass was a benign schwannoma. There were no postoperative complications. Conclusion: Unsusual case of a schwannoma with the plantar foot pain during 2 years is presented. It should be recognized a small, deep-seated, non-palpable

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 2017

Schwannoma, also known as a neurilemmomas or neurinomas, is benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors arising from the Schwann cells. About 25~45 % of all schwannomas are found in the head and neck region, and the majority are found in the parapharyngeal space. Schwannoma of the larynx is very rare with an incidence of 0.1~1.5% in all benign laryngeal tumors. Recently, we experienced a case of a pedunculated schwannoma arising from the left aryepiglottic fold in a 80-year-old patient. The tumor was completely excised under direct laryngoscopy with the use of a $CO_2$ laser and subsequently confirmed as schwannoma. So, we report this case with a review of the literatures.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.479-483
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• 2018

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a very rare type of sarcoma, with an incidence of 0.001%. MPNST has a 5-year survival rate near 80%, so successful reconstruction techniques are important to ensure the patient's quality of life. Sarcoma of the forearm is known for its poor prognosis, which leads to wider excision, making reconstruction even more challenging due to the unique anatomical structure and delicate function of the forearm. A 44-year-old male presented with a large mass that had two aspects, measuring $9{\times}6cm$ and $7{\times}5cm$, on the dorsal aspect of the right forearm. The extensor compartment muscles (EDM, EDC, EIP, EPB, EPL, ECRB, ECRL, APL) and invaded radius were resected with the mass. Tendon transfer of the entire extensor compartment with skin defect coverage using a $24{\times}8cm$ anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforator free flap was performed. The patient was discharged after 18 days without wound complications, and has not complained of discomfort during supination, pronation, or wrist extension/flexion through 3 years of follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful reconstruction of the entire forearm extensor compartment with ALT free flap coverage after resection of MPNST.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1981.05a
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• pp.14.1-14
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• 1981

Neurofibroma are slow growing benign tumors arising from the neurilemal sheath (Schwann cells) and fibroblasts of the peripheral nerve. This benign tumor may occur as a solitary lesion or as a part of the syndrome of neurofibromatosis. The neurofibroma of oral tissues is rare in otolaryngologic field and usually presents as a firm, elevated, nonpainful lesion that shows the usual histologic findings of a neurofibroma or neurilemmoma. Recently, we have experienced a neurofibroma arising from the tongue in a 54 year old female and removed successfully under local anesthesia. No evidence of recurrence has been observed up to date.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 2010

Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma is a rare benign tumor of the lower neck occurring in the male adult predominantly. The origin of this tumor has been debated, but it is now believed to arise from remnants of the cervical sinus of His from early development. They are composed of epithelial, adipocytic, and spindle cells in variable amounts. Recognition of ectopic harmatomatous thymoma is important and needs to be differentiated from high-grade sarcomas such as synovial sarcoma or glandular malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. We here report on a case of ectopic hamartomatous thymoma arising in the left lateral neck of 33-year-old male patient.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2015

Background: A schwannoma is a benign, slow-growing peripheral nerve sheath tumor that originates from Schwann cells. Orbital schwannomas are rare, accounting for only 1% of all orbital neoplasms. In this study, we retrospectively review orbital schwannomas and characterize clinical, radiologic, and histologic features of this rare entity. Methods: A retrospective review was performed to identify patients with histologically confirmed orbital schwannoma, among a list of 437 patients who had visited our hospital with soft tissue masses within the orbit as the primary presentation between 2010 and 2014. Patient charts and medical records were reviewed for demographic information, relevant medical and family history, physical examination findings relating to ocular and extraocular sensorimotor function, operative details, postoperative complications, pathologic report, and recurrence. Results: Five patients (5/437, 1.1%) were identified as having histologically confirmed orbital schwannoma and underwent complete excision. Both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were not consistent in predicting histologic diagnosis. There were no complications, and none of the patients experienced significant scar formation. In two cases, patients exhibited a mild postoperative numbness of the forehead, but the patients demonstrated full recovery of sensation within 3 months after the operation. None of the five patients have experienced recurrence. Conclusion: Orbital schwannomas are relatively rare tumors. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult because of its variable presentation and location. Appropriate early assessment of orbital tumors by CT or MRI and prompt management is warranted to prevent the development of severe complications. Therefore, orbital schwannomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of slow-growing orbital masses.