• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.287-295
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• 1998

Diazepam is known to have cardiovascular depressive effects through a combined action on benzodiazepinergic receptor and the GABA receptor-chloride ion channel complex. Moreover, it is known that barbiturates also have some cardiovascular regulatory effects mediated by the central GABAergic system. Therefore, this study was undertaken to delineate the regulatory actions and interactions of these systems by measuring the responses of the cardiovascular system and renal nerve activity to muscimol, diazepam and pentobarbital, administered intracerebroventricularly in rabbits. When muscimol $(0.03{\sim}0.3\;{\mu}\;g/kg)$, diazepam $(10{\sim}100\;{\mu}\;g/kg)$ and pentobarbital $(1{\sim}10\;{\mu}\;g/kg)$ were injected into the lateral ventricle of the rabbit brain, there were similar dose-dependent decreases in blood pressure (BP) and renal nerve activity (RNA). The relative potency of the three drugs in decreasing BP and RNA was muscimol ＞ pentobarbital ＞ diazepam. Muscimol and pentobarbital also decreased the heart rate in a dose-dependent manner; however, diazepam produced a trivial, dose-independent decrease in heart rate. Diazepam $(30\;{\mu}g/kg)$ augmented the effect of muscimol $(0.1\;{\mu}g/kg)$ in decreasing blood pressure and renal nerve activity, but pentobarbital $(3\;{\mu}g/kg)$ did not. Bicuculline $(0.5\;{\mu}g/kg)$, a GABAergic receptor blocker, significantly attenuated the effect of muscimol in decreasing BP and RNA, either alone or with diazepam, and that of pentobarbital in decreasing BP and RNA, either alone or with muscimol. We inferred that the central benzodiazepinergic and barbiturate systems help regulate peripheral cardiovascular function by modulating the GABAergic system, which adjusts the output of the vasomotor center and hence controls peripheral sympathetic tone. Benzodiazepines more readily modulate the GABAergic system than barbiturates.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 1968

The effect of Ginseng root on experimentally induced hypertension in rat was investigated. The results are concluded as follow; 1) We failed to produce hypercholesterolemic hypertension in rats of cholesterol (20 mg/kg) feeding for 60 days. 2) Ginseng supressed the increased blood pressure which induced by thyroxine treatment for 5 days of 1.0 mg/kg does during cholesterol feeding. 3) Ginseng per se revealed slightly increased blood pressure in normal and cholesterol fed rats. 4) No pathological changes were found macroscopically and microscopically in aorta of all experimental animal. 5) It is suggested that Ginseng has no direct action on peripheral vascular wall but plays a some role on centrally mediated mechanism. The confirmatory experiment should be performed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.90-97
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• 1977

This is a report of a. case in which a long narrow segment coarctation of the aorta was successfully corrected with Teflon graft. The patient was 30 year old man with hypertensive symptoms that occurred 7 years prior to operation. Blood pressure measured 230/110 mmHg in the arms and 110/80 mmHg in the legs. Pulses were strongly tensive in radial artery, but very weak in femoral artery and even absent in dorsal pedis artery. Final preoperative diagnosis was made by aortography which showed a long narrow segment between aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta and highly developed collateral circulations. A long hypoplastic narrow segment was located proximal to the ligament arteriosus, and diaphragmatic stenosis of the aorta was located just distal to the ligamentum arteriosus. After prosthetic correction of the coarctation of the aorta, blood pressure were measured 130/ 80 mmHg in the arms and 150/100 mmHg in the legs. Peripheral pulses were palpated normally, and the postoperative course was uneventful.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.196-208
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• 2000

The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of 2 hour infusion of vancomycin(1g) in 200ml of isotonic saline every 12 hour on the frequency of "red man syndrome", phlebitis and length of peripheral catheter placement of infected patients, in order to provide safe infusion method for reducing vancomycinin-duced RMS and phlebitis. The subjects of the study consisted of 16 hospitalized patients; 3 oncology and gastro-intestinal patients, 1 neurological patient, 6 thoracic surgical patients and 6 orthopedic patients, who had received vancomycin from July to October in 1999 at S-hospital. The dependent variables were the incidence of RMS, phlebitis and the length of peripheral catheter placement. The incidence of RMS was checked by an inspector at the first night whenever the infusion method of vancomycin was changed. RMS was observed every 15 minutes during an hour for symptoms of RMS such as itching, erythema, chest pain and systolic blood pressure. Incidence of phlebitis was assessed by inspector twice a day from the insertion of peripheral catheter to the removal of the catheter. The data were analyzed by percentage, mean, $X^2$-test, t-test, repeated ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis using the SPSSWIN program. The results are summarized as follows; 1. No significant difference was identified in frequency of RMS between the experimental group and control group. 2. There was no significant difference in the change of systolic blood pressure as the time goes on between the experimental group and control group. 3. The incidence of phlebitis was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. 4. The length of peripheral catheter placement was significantly longer in the experimental group than in the control group. 5. Other drugs administrated with vancomycin didn't influence the occurrence of phlebitis. However, the infusion method of vancomycin influenced the occurrence of phlebitis. The results suggest that 2 hour infusion of vancomycin(1g) in 200ml of isotonic saline every 12 hours may decrease the incidence of phlebitis and increase the length of peripheral catheter placement compared to 1 hour infusion of vancomycin(1g) in 100ml of isotonic saline every 12 hours. However, it does not reduce the incidence of RMS.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2004

The genetic basis of hypertension is complex, and has been considered to be associated with the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DD2R). Because association studies using the candidate gene approach may provide important clues regarding the pathogenesis of hypertension and establish basis for further study, we performed the association study on the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in the DD2R gene and hypertension in Koreans. Eighty nine patients with hypertension and 86 age-matched subjects with normal blood pressure were enrolled. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. PCR-RFLP analysis was performed to detect the three polymorphic Taq I sites in the DD2R gene. There were no significant differences in genotype, allele and haplotype distributions of any polymorphisms in the DD2R gene between two groups, respectively (P>0.05), although significant linkage disequilibriums among these polymorphic sites were detected by pair-wise analysis (P<0.05). Therefore, our negative result suggest that the three Taq I RFLPs in the DD2R gene were not significantly associated with hypertension in Koreans.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2011

Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to a variety of complications and thus we have retrospectively studied to investigate problems of nerve conduction velocity (NCV) study and the heart in the patients with type-II DM. Blood glucose and blood pressure levels were higher in DM group than in Non-DM group. We found that several latencies were delayed in motor conduction study of upper (median and ulnar nerve) and lower extremities (peroneal and tibial nerve), whereas amplitudes and NCVs were decreased in DM group compared with Non-DM group. Latencies of sensory conduction study in upper and lower extremities (sural nerve) were delayed, while amplitudes and NCVs were lower in DM group than in Non-DM group. Abnormal percent of the electrocardiogram was higher in DM group than in Non-DM group. This retrospective study suggests that type-II DM can cause a damage effect on the peripheral nerve and the heart function.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 1997년도 한국감성과학회 연차학술대회논문집
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• pp.85-89
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• 1997

We present several biosignal measurement results and analysis algorithms for the visual stimulus from International Affective Picture Sytem. Sine human body is nonlinear dynamic system, we investigated both linear and nonlinear methods. We found that the alpha wave of EEG, the chaos of peripheral blood pressure, the LF/HF of HRV and thd retutn map of RR interval were good parameters for the measuremet of human sensibility. These can be used as the parameters for the measurement of human sensibility.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.992-1001
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to provide data for a nursing intervention to alleviate newborn pain clinically by investigating the effect of oral glucose. Methods: Subjects were newborns hospitalized in the nursery. Informed consent was obtained from parents of 60 newborns. A heel stick was carried out for a test on 3 groups; the experimental, placebo, and control group. The Neonatal infant pain scale(NIPS), respiration rate, heart rate, peripheral oxygen partial pressure($SpO_2$), and crying duration were measured to assess pain reaction. All neonatal behaviors were recorded on videotape. Results: There were significant differences in pain behavior during stimulus(F=4.195, p=.020), pain behavior immediately after blood-sampling (F=4.114, p=.021), and pain behavior 3 minutes after that (F=3.630, p=.033). However, there were no significant differences in heart rate, respiration rate, peripheral oxygen partial pressure or crying duration after the heel stick among the groups. Conclusions: Oral administration of glucose before a heel stick caused the reduction of neonatal pain behavior, which means that it has an effect of pain relief.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.434-444
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the characteristics of peripheral arterial ischemia and tissue necrosis in premature babies, as well as the effects of nitroglycerin. Methods: In total, 513 newborns were enrolled who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with a gestational age of 34 weeks or younger. Data were collected on general personal and clinical information, peripheral arterial ischemia, and nitroglycerin patch application in the premature infants. The collected data were analyzed using the χ² test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, logistic regression. Results: Thirty-six (7.0%) infants had peripheral arterial ischemia, while 477 (93.0%) infants did not. Lower gestational age (χ²=35.97, p<.001), lower birth weight (χ²=29.40, p<.001), lower blood pressure (χ²=23.10, p<.001), and insertion of an umbilical artery catheter (p<.001) were significantly associated with the occurrence of peripheral arterial ischemia. Among the preterm infants in whom nitroglycerin patches were applied, 30 (83.3%) premature infants without necrosis improved without complications, 4 (11.1%) showed hypotension, and 2 (5.6%) showed skin damage. Conclusion: Based on a review of our experiences with nitroglycerin patches, we recommend closely observing skin color and using nitroglycerin patches on the skin to help improve flow in premature infants with peripheral arterial ischemia.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.804-811
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• 2014

The protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 is highly expressed in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure via the modulation of peripheral vascular tone. Although several mechanisms have been suggested to explain PAR-2-induced hypotension, the precise mechanism remains to be elucidated. To investigate this possibility, we investigated the effects of PAR-2 activation on N-type $Ca^{2+}$ currents ($I_{Ca-N}$) in isolated neurons of the celiac ganglion (CG), which is involved in the sympathetic regulation of mesenteric artery vascular tone. PAR-2 agonists irreversibly diminished voltage-gated $Ca^{2+}$ currents ($I_{Ca}$), measured using the patch-clamp method, in rat CG neurons, whereas thrombin had little effect on $I_{Ca}$. This PAR-2-induced inhibition was almost completely prevented by ${\omega}$-CgTx, a potent N-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker, suggesting the involvement of N-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels in PAR-2-induced inhibition. In addition, PAR-2 agonists inhibited $I_{Ca-N}$ in a voltage-independent manner in rat CG neurons. Moreover, PAR-2 agonists reduced action potential (AP) firing frequency as measured using the current-clamp method in rat CG neurons. This inhibition of AP firing induced by PAR-2 agonists was almost completely prevented by ${\omega}$-CgTx, indicating that PAR-2 activation may regulate the membrane excitability of peripheral sympathetic neurons through modulation of N-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrate that the activation of PAR-2 suppresses peripheral sympathetic outflow by modulating N-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel activity, which appears to be involved in PAR-2-induced hypotension, in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals.