• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2000

A survey was carried out from 143 cooks working at the deluxe hotels in Seoul to obtain the information on the working environment, characteristics, and the satisfaction of the cooks to improve the culinary art training program and the working environment. The results were as follows: Most of the cooks(58.7%) worked for 8-9 hours/day and 51.7% of the cooks earned 1-1.5 million won in a month. The cooks had average 1.6 licenses per person, however, their licenses accorded with their work place only with 85.3%. Subjects were unsatisfied with the pay(55.2%), but 42.7% of the cooks hoped to work in their current work place. If they could transfer to other work place, they wished to run a restaurant of their own. The unsatisfaction rate was high among the cooks worked for 10-15 years, and 19.2% of them was unsatisfied with the environment of work place and 11.5% was in promotion. The longer the working period of the cook, the higher the recognition of the culinary skill. Also, the more frequently transfer to other places, the higher the self-estimation in their skills. Subjects answered that the most important factors for good cooking are the good taste and hygiene. The quality of ingredients was recognized more important among the cooks worked for longer period. The greatest hindrance for the improvement of cooking skill was indicated as insufficient knowledge among the cooks worked under one year, lack of confidence among those worked for 2-5 years, and authoritarianism of seniors for 6-15 years. They answered that the most important qualification for cook is the sincere attitude. The cooks with under 5 years of experience indicated experience and studying attitude and the ones with over 6 years of experience culinary skill as the important factors for cooks. The important factors for promotion was pointed out as culinary skill and human relationship.

• 기록학연구
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• 제2호
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• pp.3-48
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• 2000

The collection and transfer of records is a very basic stage in the whole process of records and archives management. However they are regarded as an non-professional art of work in records management that are performed easily by everyone. Therefore they have been treated not properly in the scholarly discussion of archival sciences in Korea. The collection and transfer of records play an active role in the making of effective administrative system, in accumulating and sharing the knowledge and informations of political, economical, social and cultural values. On the basis of proper collection and transfer of records our democracy can operate regularly and our daily experiences can be preserved as historical resources. For the optimal-functioned collection and transfer of public records the archivists for this task must have a comprehensive understanding of whole process of records management and possess suitable professional skills. Moreover there are many sorts of preliminary works needed for this task, as follows: an accurate defining of administrative organizations and their tasks, thorough understanding of records management institutions on their own competence and ability, and the establishment of technical standards for their tasks. Additionally the archivists are able not only to consider the present informational and evidential values of the records, but also the historical values. It can be said that the collection and transfer of records is a "synthesis of records management skills" exerted by an archivist. According to the newly established law of public records management, the collection and transfer of public records must be registered at first electronically. Through this procedure the whole contents of produced and transmitted records, which are to be transferred, can be reported in detail. By means of this report the archival institutions and the archivists can trace back the each items of records(archives) and the result of their arrangement to identify a certain object. There are also new storage strategies employed to increase the whole sum of stored informations, i. e. records and archives, in spite of reducing the storage costs. It will be achieved by differentiations of the preservation methods for each sorts of records by the criteria of storage-period, -place, and -method. Many supplementary methods are also prepared to help the collection of important records(archives) in a complete structure and form. To let this new concept and system of collection and transfer of records operate properly, a number of professional archivists should be posted in the needed places throughout the whole administrative body. Their training must be also updated for the newly defined task of collection and transfer of records.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제53권11호
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• pp.596-603
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• 2004

This paper proposes an expert system based on the pattern recognition method which can enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of real-time bus reconfiguration strategy for the transfer of faulted load when a main transformer fault occurs in the automated substation. The minimum distance classification method is adopted as the pattern recognition method of expert system. The training pattern set is designed MTr by MTr to minimize the searching time for target load pattern which is similar to the real-time load pattern. But the control pattern set, which is required to determine the corresponding bus reconfiguration strategy to these trained load pattern set is designed as one table by considering the efficiency of knowledge base design because its size is small. The training load pattern generator based on load level and the training load pattern generator based on load profile are designed, which are can reduce the size of each training pattern set from max L/sup (m+f)/ to the size of effective level. Here, L is the number of load level, m and f are the number of main transformers and the number of feeders. The one reduces the number of trained load pattern by setting the sawmiller patterns to a same pattern, the other reduces by considering only load pattern while the given period. And control pattern generator based on exhaustive search method with breadth-limit is designed, which generates the corresponding bus reconfiguration strategy to these trained load pattern set. The inference engine of the expert system and the substation database and knowledge base is implemented in MFC function of Visual C++ Finally, the performance and effectiveness of the proposed expert system is verified by comparing the best-first search solution and pattern recognition solution based on diversity event simulations for typical distribution substation.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.922-931
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• 1993

Boundary element method was used to solve heat conduction problem for predicting temperature distribution in grain storage bin. Temperature of grain in storage is one of the three main abiotic factors, besides the intergranular gas composition and the grain moisture content, that determine the keeping quality and control measures used to protect grain from insects and damaging microflora. Collecting the temperature data at various points in the storage bins at different time of the day over a period of time is one way of finding the temperature distribution, this method requires a lot of time, cost and labour and less efficient. However data so collected serve useful purpose of being used to validate predicted temperature distribution using mathematical models. Mathematical models based on physical principles can potentially predict with accuracy the temperature distribution in a grain storage bin. Using the boundary element model the effect of bin wall material, ambient emperature, bin size etc. on temperature distribution can be studied. A knowledge of temperature distribution in stored grain not only helps in identifying active deterioration , but also gives an indication of potential for detection.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.746-754
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• 2019

Vitrification of radioactive liquid waste (RLW) provides a feasible solution for isolating radionuclides from the biosphere for an extended period. In vitrification, base glass and radioactive waste are added simultaneously into the melter. Determination of heat and mass transfer rates is necessary for rational design and sizing of melter. For obtaining an assured product quality, knowledge of reaction kinetics associated with the thermal decomposition of waste constituents is essential. In this study Thermogravimetry (TG) - Differential Thermogravimetry (DTG) of eight kinds of nitrates and two oxides, which are major components of RLW, is investigated in the temperature range of 298-1273 K in the presence of base glasses of five component (5C) and seven component (7C). Studies on thermal behavior of constituents in RLW were carried out at heating rates ranging from 10 to $40\;K\;min^{-1}$ using TG - DTG. Thermal behavior and related kinetic parameters of waste constituents, in the presence of 5C and 7C base glass compositions were also investigated. The activation energy, pre-exponential factor and order of the reaction for the thermal decomposition of 24% waste oxide loaded glasses were estimated using Kissinger method.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.73-96
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• 2004

This research began by recognizing the development of telecommunication skill in a short period of time as one achievement of launching the national research and development (R&D) project for the diversification of telephone service and for the solution of telephone holdup rate. Under this concern, this research is focusing on searching the influential elements on successful outcome by analyzing the case of Time Division Exchange R&D Project carried out by Korea. Those variables for analyzing the case is limited to 7 definite variables, which are "willingness of policy making organization", "participation of manufacturers and buyers", "support from research and development group", "economy of operating methods and selection of machinery", "rate of technology transfer", "support from Fixer", and "quality management". Summarizing the result of analysis, in order to bring about technological innovation, knowledge creation activity leading to upward efficiency through competition and cooperation making a harmony should be done in one mechanism. I.e., launching an innovative policy should be done in an arena of competition and cooperation, where stability of implementing system is achieved, the entity of "Fixer" is an adequate operator, and competition and cooperation is efficiently managed, among where agreement on purpose and professional opinions are reflected.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.70-73
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of subcutaneous granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for treating thin endometrium. Methods: Data from 88 infertile women with thin endometrium (<7 mm) aged 23 to 40 years were evaluated retrospectively over a period of 1 year. In group 1, subcutaneous infusion of G-CSF (300 ㎍/mL) was administered to 44 women along with other supplemental treatments. If the lining did not exceed 7 mm within 72 hours, a second infusion was administered. In group 2, which also had 44 women, only estradiol valerate and sildenafil were administered, while subcutaneous G-CSF infusion was not. Embryo transfers were performed once the lining exceeded 7.5 mm. The efficacy of G-CSF was evaluated by assessing the thickness of the endometrium before embryo transfer, pregnancy rates, and clinical pregnancy rates. Results: There were no differences between the groups regarding demographic variables, egg reserves, sperm parameters, the number of embryos transferred, and embryo quality. The pregnancy rate was significantly higher in group 1 (60%, 24 of 40 cases) than in group 2 (31%, 9 of 29 cases) (p<0.001). The clinical pregnancy rate was also significantly higher in group 1 (55%) than in group 2 (24%) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Subcutaneous G-CSF infusion improved the thickness of the endometrium when it was thin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented study to clearly demonstrate the benefits of subcutaneous G-CSF infusion for treating thin endometrium.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2016

Objectives: As the craniofacial and neck regions are prime areas of injury in bear attacks, the careful management of soft and hard tissue injuries and selection of reconstructive options is of the utmost importance. This study will review the incidence and patterns of bear mauling in eastern India reported to our department and the various modalities used for their treatment over a period of 7 years. It also documents the risks of infection in bear mauling cases and the complications that have occurred. Materials and Methods: Twenty cases were treated over the study period. Cases were evaluated for soft and hard tissue injuries including tissue loss and corresponding management in the craniofacial region. Cases were also evaluated for other associated injuries, organ damage and related complications. Results: Various modalities of treatment were used for the management of victims, ranging from simple primary repairs to free tissue transfers. Simple primary repairs were done in 75% of cases, while the management of the injured victims required reconstruction by local, regional or distant flaps in 25%. Free tissue transfers were performed in 15% of cases, and no cases of wound infection were detected in the course of treatment. Conclusion: Knowledge of various reconstructive techniques is essential for managing maxillofacial injuries in bear mauling cases. Modern reconstructive procedures like free tissue transfer are reliable options for reconstruction with minimal co-morbidity and dramatic improvement in treatment outcomes.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2016

연구자의 성장경로에 있어서 박사학위를 취득한 이후 시점은 변곡점이 형성되는 전환기로 경험에 커다란 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 교수의 지도를 받는 학생의 입장에서 벗어나 독립된 연구자로 발전하는 중요한 시기이다. 또한 신진연구자 시기는 개인 연구역량의 축적과 더불어 독립적인 연구자로서 대외적인 명성과 네트워크를 형성하기 시작하는 시기이다. 본 연구에서는 박사학위 취득 후 안정적인 연구자로서 자리 잡기 전까지의 경험에 주목하였다. 이 기간 동안 포닥 연구원의 경험이 지식이전 활동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지 탐색하고자 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 대학 신진연구자를 중심으로 논문 성과와 공저자 관계로 나타나는 지식이전 활동에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하는 것이다. 박사취득 후 대학의 전임교원으로 임용되기 전까지 경험이 연구자의 논문 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 2008년도 신진연구자지원사업을 수행한 대학 연구자를 대상으로 국가과학기술정보시스템에서 제공하는 연구자 정보를 활용하여 학력 및 경험사항, 연구 성과 등에 대한 정보를 수집하고 STATA를 활용하여 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 포닥 기간의 경험 중 기관의 다양성이 논문 성과와 연구 네트워킹 형성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 포닥 경험의 상호작용 측면에서 포닥 경험 기간이 길고 국외 포닥 경험이 있는 경우 연구 네트워킹 형성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, 포닥 경험 기간 중 경험한 기관이 많고 국외 포닥 경험이 있는 경우 논문 성과와 연구 네트워킹 형성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 포닥 기간의 경험이 연구성과에 영향을 미치는 요인 중 하나의 변수로 고려할 수 있고 포닥 연구원 지원제도와 관련된 정부 정책을 수립하는데 큰 시사점을 제시할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.73-94
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• 2022

피렌체는 이탈리아 르네상스의 요람이다. 그것은 중세 인문주의자들의 고대 그리스·로마의 지식문화 탐구, 위대한 군주와 성직자의 문예적 소양과 리더십, 메디치 가문 등의 문화예술 후원, 예술가의 자유분방한 사유와 창의성, 시민의 비판적 의식과 문화적 욕구 등이 조합된 결과다. 그러나 메디치 가문이 고대 필사본과 중세 번역본을 수집하지 않았다면, 도서관을 건립하여 고전을 보존하고 제공하지 않았으면, 피렌체 르네상스는 개화할 수 없었다. 이러한 논거를 기반으로 본 연구는 피렌체 르네상스와 역사도서관을 개관한 다음에 메디치가의 고전자료 수집·구성을 분석하고, 메디치 도서관의 건축적 특징과 메타포를 추적하였다. 산 마르코 도서관(미켈로초 도서관), 바디아 피에졸라 도서관, 산 로렌츠 도서관(라우렌치아나 도서관)은 지진, 화재, 복원, 이관, 압수, 폐쇄 등 무수한 난관에도 불구하고 피렌체 르네상스의 마중물이자 산실이었다. 특히 코시모·로렌초의 재정 지원, 미켈로초 설계, 니콜리 개인장서를 기반으로 1444년 개관한 산 마르코 도서관은 르네상스 시대의 최초 공용도서관이었다. 그리고 줄리오 주도 하에 1571년 개관한 라우렌치아나 도서관의 건축적 백미는 '무지에서 지혜로'를 상징하는 미켈란젤로 계단이고, 내용적 진가는 인문주의자 니콜리와 메디치가가 수집한 고대 필사본과 초기 인쇄본이다. 요컨대 피렌체 르네상스를 논할 때 메디치가 장서와 역사도서관은 매우 중시해야 할 포인트다. 고전은 구시대 박제품이 아니라 통시적 기호학이며, 도서관은 인류 지식문화사를 조감하는 망원경이자 지식과 지혜를 창출하는 현미경이기 때문이다. 기록이 기억을 지배한다면 도서관은 기록을 집적한다. 따라서 비교적 역사가 오래된 국내 도서관의 소급장서 개발과 보존에도 긴 호흡과 타임캡슐 전략이 필요하다.