• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1730-1735
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• 2018

Bacterial pneumonia is one of the most common causes of mortality in Korea. In 2016, the mortality rate from pneumonia was 16,476 deaths per 100,000, which was an 11% increase from the previous year. The aim of our study was to determine the distribution of the bacterial pathogens causing respiratory symptoms in different age groups over a 10-year period. Between January 2008 and September 2017, 1,861 specimens from 1,664 patients admitted to Dankook University Hospital with respiratory symptoms were examined. We used multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect six bacterial pneumonia pathogens: Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. We detected bacterial pneumonia pathogens in 1,281 (68.83%) specimens. Of the 1,709 pathogens detected, S. pneumoniae was the most common (48.57%; n = 830) followed by H. influenzae (40.08%; n = 685). Most infections were found among children younger than 10 years (92.69%; n = 1,584). Although S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen detected in all age groups, M. pneumoniae infection increased in prevalence with age (p < 0.05). The rate of co-infection was also high among these patients (31.1%; n = 399), which peaked in 2015 (54.55%; n = 42/77). The prevalence of bacterial pneumonia in Cheonan, along with the proportion of co-infections among patients increased over the 10-year study period. The findings will aid the development of treatment and prevention guidelines.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2007

In order to evaluation of prevalence of rotavirus and/or coronavirus, forty suckling Korean indigenous calves (between 2 and 98 days old) with acute diarrhea were investigated by the immunochromatographic rapid test in the field (veterinary practice) on October and on December 2006. Rotavirus and coronavirus were detected in 13 (32.5%) and 8 (20.0%) of the fecal samples from diarrheal calves, respectively. The highest mortality rate in diarrheal calves occurred in the neonatal period from 2 to 7 days old. Totally, 40.0% of diarrheal calves showing acute enteritis were not detected with rotavirus and/or coronavirus. The rotavirus infection rate was significantly difference (p<0.05) between October and December, and the detection rate of rotavirus was bigger than that of coronavirus. These results suggested that rotavirus can be frequently associated with acute diarrhea of suckling calves and affected with changes of temperature.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.103-119
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• 2005

1. Objectives The purpose of this research is to find out the Constitutional characters of Stroke inpatients. 2. Methods Stroke inpatients admitted into KyungHee Oriental Medical Center from January 2000 to April 2004, were divided into 2 group, cerebral infarction 493 inpatients and cerebral hemorrhage 83 inpatients. This research investigated the distribution of Sasasng Constitution, the gender, the age decade, the period of admission, the elapse of the time after onset, the course of admission, the frequency of Sasang Constitutional Herb-medicine, the past history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the obesity, the prevalence rate of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, EKG abnormality and hyperlipidemia. 3. Results & Conclusions The Sasang Constitutional distribution of cerebral infarction 493 inpatients was 0.4% of Taeyangin, Soyangin 34.1%, Taeurnin 56.4%, Soeumin 9.1%. The Sasang Constitutional distribution of cerebral hemorrhage 83 inpatients was Taeyangin 1.2%, Soyangin 47.9%, Taeurnin 43.4%, Soeumin 9.6%. Stroke incidence rate of Taeumin and Soyangin inpatients was high. Sasang Constitution had significant relations with the prevalence of the obesity and hypertension in cerebral infarction inpatients, the prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus and ECG abnormality in cerebral hemorrhage inpatients.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2019

Backgrounds: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) increased prevalence and economic burden. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate drug use pattern in IBD patients in a real world. Methods: National Health Insurance claim data from 2010 to 2014 were used in this population-based study. All IBD patients diagnosed during study period were enrolled. IBD medications included 5-aminosalicylic acid (ASA), glucocorticoid, immunomodulator and anti-tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ agent(anti TNF-${\alpha}$). Growth rate of IBD prevalence, prescribed drug classes, duration of drug therapy and medication cost were analyzed. Number and percentage of patients for categorical variables, and mean and median for continuous variables were presented. Results: Total numbers of patients were 131,158 and 57,286 during 5 years, and their annual growth rate were 3.2 and 5.7% for UC and CD. UC and CD were prevalent in the 40-50 (41.2%) and 20-30 age groups (36.0%). About 60% of IBD patients was prescribed any of medications. 5-ASA was the most frequently prescribed, followed by corticosteroid and immunomodulator. Anti TNF-${\alpha}$ use was the lowest, but 5 times higher than UC in CD. Combination therapies with different class of drugs were in 29% for UC and 62% for CD. Mean prescription days per patient per year were 306 and 378, and the median medication cost per patient per year was KRW 420,000 (USD 383) and KRW 830,000 (USD755), for UC and CD, respectively. Conclusions: Increasing prevalence of IBD requires further studies to contribute to achieve better clinical outcomes of drug therapy.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2014

쉽게 발효되는 탄수화물의 과도한 양의 섭취에 따른 급성 또는 만성의 산증은 방글라데시에서 염소의 생산성 문제로 나타나고 있다. 본 연구는 유산증의 분포와 다른 치료제간의 반응을 조사하였다. 본 연구를 위해, 야외 지역 동물 병원, Faridpur, Bangladseh에서 조사 한 1,128마리의 염소가 검사 되었으며, 그 중 40마리의 염소(3.55%의 분포율)가 유산증에 대해 양성으로 확인되었다. 토종 염소 (2.7%)에서는 3 년 이상된 연령(4.64%)의 암컷 (4.64%)에서 가장 높은 발병을 보였다. 40마리 염소의 치료 평가를 위해서 염소는 그룹당 10마리씩 4개의 그룹 A, B, C와 D로 분류 하였다. 그룹A는 경구, 8% 수산화 마그네슘(v/w)을 체중 1 g/kg으로 경구 투여 하였다. 그룹 B에서는 그룹 A와 같은 량의 8% 수산화 마그네슘에 더하여 체중 0.9 ml/kg 비율로 7.5%의 중탄산 나트륨을 정맥 내 투여 하였다. 그룹 D에서 염소는 생강, nuxvomica, 탄산나트륨, 황산 코발트, 분말 형태의 황산제1철 과 티아민 질산염의 혼합물을 1 g/kg 체중의 비율로 경구 투여하였다. 그룹 C의 염소는 그룹 A, B와 D의 조합 약물로 치료하였다. 각 그룹은 치료 전후에 직장 온도, 맥박수, 호흡 수를 검사하였다. 평균 $21{\pm}1.8$ 시간으로 그룹 C가 가장 높은 회복률을 보였다. 결론적으로 유산증은 염소에서 흔한 질병이며 치료효과는 약물의 조합을 통해서 효과적으로 증상을 감소 시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to identify the oral care status and periodontal disease of middle aged daibetic patients in Korea. Methods: The primitive data were taken from 238 diabetic people in the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES) in 2010 - 2012. The variables included general profiles(gender, age, occupied area, education, and smoking), oral care status(brushing time, brushing time, use of oral hygienic supplies, availability of oral hygienic supplies, oral examination, and recognition of oral health state), and diabetes management(morbidity period, treatment, education, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels). Results: Most of the subjects took gargling more than twice a day and it accounted for 73.5%. Oral hygienic supply users accounted for 24.8%, and most of them used floss brush. Oral examination was done in 19.3% of the respondents and 55.0% thought that their oral health status were very poor. The prevalence rate of the periodontal diseases was 46.6%. Female tended to have a higher rate of periodontal disease than the male. Oral hygienic supply users had lower rate of periodntal disease than those who did not use. Those who had poor subjective oral health status had higher prevalence rate of periodontal disease than those who did not. Conclusions: Periodontal disease is closely related to good oral care of middle aged diabetic patients. It is necessary to develop the program for the prevention of the periodontal disease for the diabetic patients.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2011

In Nigeria, malaria causes up to 11% of maternal mortality. Our main aim was to find out the most common mosquito control measures employed by the pregnant women in Lagos and their effects on malaria infection. The study was carried out over a period of 6 months during which trained interviewers administered questionnaires to 400 pregnant women. The prevalence of malaria was 8.4%. There was no significant association between the prevalence of malaria and age, level of education, or occupation of the participants. Pregnant women in the age range 26-30 had the mean parasite density ($409.9{\pm}196.80$). Insecticide spray (32.8%), mosquito coil (27.5%), and insecticide-treated nets (ITN) (15.5%) were the major mosquito control measures employed by the participants while the prevalence of infection among them were 2.3%, 6.2%, and 3.2%, respectively (P<0.05). Only 18.3% of the women had taken more than one dose of intermittent preventive treatment (IPT), while another 11.8% had taken a single dose. The infection rate among them was 4.1% and 6.4%, respectively. Malaria prevalence was highest among those who had not received any dose of IPT (10%). This study showed that the use of ITN and IPT among the pregnant women were still unacceptably low. It also showed that the use of insecticide spray which was the most common malaria control measure adopted by the participants was effective despite the fact that it is not a National Malaria Control Policy. We recommend that a sustained integrated mosquito man-agement and public education should be strengthened in Nigeria.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권9호
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• pp.291-300
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• 2018

Purpose: Understanding changes in pathogen and pneumonia prevalence among pediatric pneumonia patients is important for the prevention of infectious diseases. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of children younger than 18 years diagnosed with pneumonia at 117 Emergency Departments in Korea between 2007 and 2014. Results: Over the study period, 329,380 pediatric cases of pneumonia were identified. The most frequent age group was 1-3 years old (48.6%) and the next was less than 12 months of age (17.4%). Based on International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision diagnostic codes, confirmed cases of viral pneumonia comprised 8.4% of all cases, pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae comprised 3.8% and confirmed cases of bacterial pneumonia 1.3%. The prevalence of confirmed bacterial pneumonia decreased from 3.07% in 2007 and 4.01% in 2008 to 0.65% in 2014. The yearly rate of pneumococcal pneumonia also decreased from 0.47% in 2007 to 0.08% in 2014. A periodic prevalence of M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MP) was identified. Conclusion: The increased number of patients with pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, pleural effusion, and empyema in 2011 and 2013-2014 resulted from an MP epidemic. We provide evidence that the frequency of confirmed cases of bacterial pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia has declined from 2007 to 2014, which can simultaneously reflect the effectiveness of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.209-220
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• 1996

경상북도 문경시지역 중 9개 읍면에 거주하는 30세이상 주민 28.883명을 대상으로 1993년 10월 1일부터 1994년 2월 28일까지 건강면접조사한 자료중 5,797명을 무작위로 추출하여 만성퇴행성질환 유병률과 이용의료기관실태를 분석하였다. 인당유병률은 1,000명 당 336이었고 남녀별로는 남자는 278, 여자는 388이었다. 건당유병률은 367이었으며 남자 300, 여자 425였다. 건당유병률은 여자가 남자보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 연령별 인당 유병률은 30대는 106, 40대 223, 50대 366, 60대 407, 70세 이상 457로서 연령이 높아짐에 따라 유병률도 증가하였다. 만성퇴행성질환 건당유병률 1위는 신경통(128), 2위 만성위염(64), 3위 관절염(54), 4위 고혈압(44), 5위 당뇨(14) 순이었다. 남자는 1위가 신경통, 2위 위염, 3위 관절염, 4위 고혈압, 5이 천식이었고, 여자는 1위 신경통, 2위 관절염, 3위 위염, 4위 고혈압, 5위 당뇨였다. 신경통, 관절염, 고혈압 등의 질환은 남자보다 여자의 유병률이 유의하게 높았으며, 주풍(뇌졸증), 결핵, 간경화증 등의 유병률은 여자보다 남자가 유의하게 높았다. 만성퇴행성질환자의 이용의료기관은 최초에는 병 의원 이용율이 높았고, 최종 또는 현재는 보건(지)소, 의원 및 보건진료소를 많이 이용하였다. 질병별로는 신경통, 관절염 천식은 최초에는 의원을, 최종 또는 현재는 보건(지)소, 조건진료소를 많이 이용하였다. 고혈압과 결핵은 최초, 최종 모두 보건(지)소를 가장 많이 이용하였고, 당뇨, 중풍, 암, 심부전증, 간 경화증, 신부전증은 병원을 가장 많이 이용하였다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.28-40
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• 1990

Rapid industrialization has induced the migration of rural people to urban areas. Such migration has created enlarged the existing low income group. Residents of low income area have increased health risk owing to their poor living environment, low income. overwork and inappropriate health care. The general objective of this study was to group the pattern of medical care utilization of low income group. The specific objectives were to identify disease prevalence and medical care utilization of low income group. To meet the objectives of this study, household interview method was applied. A total of 1845 households in 5 areas such as Bongchon 5th Dong, Bongchon 2nd Dong, Sanggae 5th Dong, Sanggae 4th Dong, and Shinrim 7th Dong were visited and interviewed by field team during the period from April 19 to May 3. 1989. The major findings obtained from the information collected were as follows : The Number of room per household used was one to two rooms. The employment state of the head of household disclosed that 88.6% had a job and the remaining 11.4% were unemployed. The average monthly income was 502,770won. however, 30% of the total income was less than 300,000 won in Bongchon 5th dong area. and 34.5% in Shinrim 7th Dong area. 41.3% of households had debts, which was consisted of household expense(33.4%), income formulation(22.7%) and medical care cost(15.9%) etc. Prevalence rate of diseases during the preceding 30days before the date of the household interview was 387.7 per 1000 persons. The prevalence rate of female was higher than that of male. 8.9% of the sick persons wasn't receiving any medical treatment, and the main reasons of which were lack of economic availability(43.3%) and feeling of non treatment needed(33.7%). According to the study results it was found that the prevalence rate of chroic diseases and the disabled in low income resident areas was higher than that in the other areas. Therefore, the health status of this group should be improved through PHC approaches. In addition. in order to prevent the diseases and promote the health of those people, the health center as well as health subcenter should be strengthened.