• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.353-361
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze how Corporate Real Estate Ratio affects Firm's Value for KOSPI Companies and KOSDAQ Companies. The period of analysis is the period of the Financial Crisis (2007-2008), the period immediately after the Financial Crisis (2009-2011), and the period following the introduction of IFRS (2012-2016). The samples of 2761 KOSPI Companies years and 3719 KOSDAQ Companies years are used in this study. The result of Regression Analysis shows that the higher Corporate Real Estate Ratio is, the more negative Firm's Value is. In the comparison of markets, both KOSPI Companies and KOSDAQ Companies had no statistically significant effects during the Financial Crisis. Although KOSDAQ Companies had a greater negative effect on the Firm's Value than KOSPI Companies right after the Financial Crisis, KOSPI Companies have had a greater negative influence on the Firm's Value than KOSDAQ Companies since the introduction of IFRS. Therefore, each corporation should pay more attention to identifying the appropriate amount of their Corporate Real Estate Ratio and should continue to analyze and make decisions on the most efficient use of real estate which is owned by each company. This study shows speciality in dividing into three period, such as the period of the Financial Crisis, the period immediately after the Financial Crisis, and the period following the introduction of IFRS and comparing the degree of influence on the KOSPI Companies and KOSDAQ Companies for the each period. I hope to study the factors that affect the company's real estate policy.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.245-253
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• 2019

The objectives of this study are to estimate the return period of flash flood and evaluate its appropriateness based on the actual observation events for small mountainous watersheds in the Han River basin. For these goals, Flash Flood Guidance (FFG) was estimated from 1-hr duration Threshold Runoff (TR) and Saturation Deficit (SD) of soil moisture which was derived from Sejong University Rainfall Runoff (SURR) model. Then, the return period of flash flood was calculated by comparing the rainfall quantile to the 1-hr duration rainfall that exceeded the FFG during the past period (2002-2010). Moreover, the appropriateness of the estimated return period of flash flood was evaluated by using the observation events from 2011 to 2016. The results of the return period of flash flood ranged from 1.1 to 19.9 years with a mean and a standard deviation of 1.6 and 1.1 years, respectively. Also, the result of the appropriateness indicated that 83% of the return periods derived from observation events were within the return period of flash flood range. Therefore, the estimated return period of flash flood could be considered as highly appropriate.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

We investigated the effects of breed, laying age, and egg storage period on the vitality of chicks using the Hwanggalsaek Jaeraejong, Korean Rhode Island Red, and Korean White Leghorn chicken breeds. Their eggs were collected during the early laying period (27~29 weeks) and late laying period (50~52 weeks) and were stored for 3 days, 7 days and 14 days. After the eggs hatched, the hatching time, production performance, and organ weight of chicks were investigated. IL-6 gene expression level and relative length of telomeres were analyzed to determine the physiological activity of the chicks. HSP gene expression level and heterophil to lymphocytes ratio were also analyzed to examine the degree of stress response in the chicks. The results showed that breed and laying age influenced the vitality of chicks, but the egg storage period did not. Korean Leghorn chicks were considered the weakest breed in terms of vitality owing to their low survival rate, small heart size, low physiological activity, and high stress response level. Although the survival rate of chicks produced in the early laying period was low, their high physiological activity and low stress response indicated that they had a high vitality than the chicks produced in the late laying period. In conclusion, to obtain chicks with high vitality, it would be desirable to select a high vitality breed and avoid the use of chicks produced in the late laying period.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.869-877
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze the factors affecting the re-subscription period upon initial termination of the reverse mortgage subscription. The study utilized the Korea Housing Finance Corporation's database to extract the information regarding re-subscribers of the reverse mortgage from July 2007 to June 2021. The ordered logit model was employed and found that a set of user (subscriber) characteristics are influential towards the re-subscription period. Among the individual characteristics, changes in age group, marital status from married to single-living, maintaining single-living, and the initial subscription period were found statistically significant, highlighting that the increase in the initial subscription period decreased the re-subscription period. Among the housing (home equity) characteristics, changes in housing price and ownership type (single and partial ownership) were statistically significant, indicating that the change in ownership type decreases the re-subscription period. Lastly, the variables related to loan terms were found significant, revealing that changes in payout method and schedule were both increasing factors of the re-subscription period. Based on the findings, necessary policy implications can be considered to secure the returning subscribers of the reverse mortgage effectively.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.49-54
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• 2023

Purpose: The present study examined the effectiveness of the preoperative ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels in predicting the healing period of amputation wounds in patients with diabetes mellitus following a non-traumatic below-knee amputation (BKA). Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 41 diabetic foot ulcer patients who underwent BKA at the authors' hospital diabetic foot center from April 2016 to April 2022. Among the 41 patients, 29 (70.7%) were male and 12 (29.3%) were female. Their mean age was 64.54±11.38 years (41~81 years). The mean follow-up period was 19.48±5.56 weeks (14~48 weeks) after BKA. The patients were divided into two groups (high IMA group and normal IMA group), which evaluated the healing period, wound dehiscence, and revision operation rate using a Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. Three orthopedic surgeons performed stump wound evaluation, and they were evaluated as healing when all sutures were fused without oozing. Results: Thirty patients (73.2%) (group A) showed a high level of IMA (median: 91.2 U/mL), and 11 (26.8%) patients (group B) showed a normal range of IMA (median: 82.7 U/mL). In group A, the median period for wound healing took 1.4 weeks longer, which was significant (p=0.001). No statistical relationship was observed between wound dehiscence, revision operation rate, and IMA value. There was no correlation between the other risk factors (estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c) and the wound healing period. Conclusion: Although there was a limitation in using IMA as the sole factor to predict the healing period of amputation wounds in patients after BKA, this study revealed a significant positive correlation between IMA and the period of stump healing after BKA. Therefore, the preoperative IMA levels may help predict the period of stump healing after BKA.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2023

Unlike a completed building, a building under construction may be at risk in terms of safety if a load exceeds the value considered in the design stage owing to various factors, such as a load action different from that in the design stage and insufficient concrete strength. In addition, if an earthquake occurs in a building under construction, greater damage may occur. Therefore, this study studied example models with various sizes of 5, 15, 25, and 60 floors for typical building types and analyzed the effects of seismic load on buildings under construction using construction-stage models according to frame completeness. Because the construction period of the building is much shorter than the period of use after completion, applying same earthquake loads as the design stage to buildings under construction may be excessive. Therefore, earthquakes with a return period of 50 to 2,400 years were applied to the construction stage model to review the seismic loads and analyze the structural performances of the members. Thus, we reviewed whether a load exceeding that of the design stage was applied and the return period level of the earthquake that could ensure structural safety. In addition, assuming the construction period of each example model, the earthquake return period according to the construction period was selected, and the design appropriateness with the selected return period was checked.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.55-79
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• 2009

This papers studies the causalities and effects on the relationship between international trade and economic growth in China for the period of 1950-2007, using the unit root test, the Granger causality test, the cointegration test, VAR model, and VECM. The results of this study are as follows: Firstly, in the unit root test, I found that each time series was unstable one that has unit root. Secondly, in the Granger Causality test, this papers shows that variable dlexp and dlinp influence on dlgdp and dlgdd, while bilateral causality relation between dlexp and dlgdp, dlexp and dlgdd for the whole period, for the whole period, pre-reform period and post-reform period. Thirdly, there is no cointegraion relation between lgdp(or dlgdp, lgdd, dlgdd) and lexp, linp for lgdd-limp in the whole period, and pre-reform period, while no cointegration relation for the post-reform period. Finally, in the impulse-response test, it was proved that lgdp represents (-) correlation with lexp for the whole period. Thorough the variance decomposition test, it was proved that linp(or dlinp) is the most affected variable of the each data and relation between linp(or dlinp) and lexp(or dlexp) has become bigger recently.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.1303-1315
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of increasing energy and protein levels in diets by including protected fat (PF), glycerol (GL), and soybean meal (SBM) on growth performance, physiological parameters, carcass characteristics, and behavioral measurements of late-fattening Hanwoo steers under heat stress conditions. Methods: Thirty-six steers (initial body weight, 724.9±58.3 kg; age, 25.5±0.4 month) were assigned into control (total digestible nutrient [TDN] 76%, crude protein [CP] 15%), PF (TDN 83.6%, CP 15%), PF+GL (TDN 83.6%, CP 15%) and PF+GL+SBM (TDN 83.6%, CP 16.5%) by randomized complete block design for a total of 16 weeks with division of 4-week periods. The average temperature-humidity index was 87.0 (1st period; severe), 82.8 (2nd; moderate), 71.4 (3rd; comfort), and 68.1 (4th; comfort). Results: The dry matter intake (DMI) showed no treatments differences during the whole experiment. However, DMI in 1st and 2nd period decreased by approximately 30% and 10% compared to 4th period, respectively. Higher average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were noted for treatments compared to control at both 1st and 2nd period (p<0.05). There were no treatment effects on rectal temperature (RT), cortisol, and behaviors during the entire experiment. However, both RT and cortisol in 0, 1st and 2nd period were higher than those of 3rd and 4th period (p<0.05). Carcass yield and grade remained unaffected by increasing TDN and CP levels. Behavioral changes in the hot season (1st period) included reduced lying (43%), increased standing (48%), decreased walking (62%), and decreased eating (38%) (p<0.05), with an increase in drinking by 54%. Rumination during standing was 53% higher, while rumination during lying was about 33% lower compared to the post-hot season (3rd period) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of protected fat in late-fattening Hanwoo steers under heat stress had a positive effect on preventing a reduction in performance.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2002

A study was conducted to evaluate feed intake of Hanwoo bulls and steers fed diets of compound feed and rice straw. Twenty bull calves and sixty steers at 5 to 7 months old were used. The experimental period was divided into three feeding stages which are growing period (〈300 kg body weight (BW)), early fattening period (300-450 kg BW) and late fattening period (〉450 kg BW). The animals were given the diets containing 14.1% crude protein (CP) and 70.0% total digestible nutrients (TDN) in the growing period, 12.1% CP and 70.6% TDN in the early fattening period, and 11.2% CP and 71.9% TDN in the late fattening period, respectively. Experiment 1 was designed to compare feed intake (as-fed basis) between Hanwoo bulls and steers fed the experimental diets ad libitum. In Experiment 2, Hanwoo steers were allocated in one of three compound feed feeding treatments to investigate feed intake (as-fed basis). The treatment groups were ① feeding level 1 group fed compound feed ad libitum through the whole periods; ② feeding level 2 group fed 1.0% compound feed per kg BW in the growing period, 1.5% compound feed per kg BW in the early fattening period and compound feed ad libitum in the late fattening period; and ③ feeding level 3 group fed 1.5% compound feed per kg BW in the growing period, 2.0% compound feed per kg BW in the early fattening period and compound feed ad libitum in the late fattening period. In Experiment 1, the average daily feed intake of bulls increased linearly through the whole experimental period while the feed intake of steers increased until their body weight was reached upto 521 kg, afterward reduced. Average daily feed intake was about 3.5% per kg BW of both bulls and steers at the beginning (150 kg BW) of Experiment 1 while bulls and steers at 600 kg BW consumed the diets of 2.0 and 1.5% per kg BW, respectively. In Experiment 2, the average daily feed intake of steers in the feeding level 1 group gradually increased through the growing and early fattening periods and then steadily reduced over the late fattening period. The average daily feed intake in the feeding level 2 group linearly increased through the whole period while the feed intake in the feeding level 3 group showed a relatively rapid increase and reached a peak at 455 kg BW, and then sharply dropped. The average daily feed intake of steers in the feeding level 1 at the beginning (150 kg BW) of Experiment 2 was about 3.5% per kg BW but there was a reduction (1.5% per kg BW) at 600 kg BW. Besides, The feed intake of steers in the feeding level 2 and 3 in which compound feed was given with limitation increased to 2.0-3.0% per kg BW in the growing period and then reduced to 1.5-2.0% per kg BW. The limited compound feed feeding of steers in Experiment 2 resulted in higher rice straw intakes up to two to three folds and two folds in the growing and early fattening periods, respectively, than the ad libitum feeding.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.29-36
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• 2008

An optical rotary encoder is easy to implement for automation system applications. In particular, the output of the encoder has a digital form pulse, which is also easy to be connected to a popular digital controller. By using an incremental encoder and a counting device, it is easy to measure angular displacement, as the number of the output pulses is proportional to the rotational displacement. This method can only detect the angular placement once a pulse signal comes out of the encoder. The angular displacement detection period is strongly subject to the change of the angular displacement in case of ultimate low velocity range. They have ultimate long detection period or cannot even detect angular displacement at near zero velocity. This paper proposes an algorithm for detecting angular displacement by using a dual encoder system with two encoders of normal resolution. The angular displacement detecting algorithm is able to keep detection period moderately at near zero velocity and even detect constant angular displacement within nominal period. It is useful for motion control applications in case of changing rotational direction at which there occurs zero velocity. In this paper, various experimental results are shown for the angular displacement detection algorithm.