• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2018

Purpose: This study analyzes the effects of smoking behaviors of women of reproductive ages in terms of maternal conditions and conditions arising during the perinatal period in Korea. Methods: We used the National Health Insurance Corporation's medical panel data. Subjects included 382 individuals suffering from maternal conditions and conditions arising during the perinatal period from 2013 to 2014. A t-test was used to analyze the individual differences between maternal conditions and conditions arising during the perinatal period-A hierarchical regression analysis was performed in two steps to measure the effects of smoking behaviors on diseases. Results: The amount and duration of smoking are significant factors causing maternal conditions and conditions arising during the perinatal period. In the regression analysis, the explanatory power of model was significantly increased by adding smoking behavior to the maternal conditions and conditions arising during the perinatal period. Smoking behavior during pregnancy displayed a significant influence on diseases. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that the effects of smoking behavior on maternal conditions and conditions arising during the perinatal period were significant. Therefore it is necessary to develop a smoking cessation education program for pregnant women in Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권12호
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• pp.462-469
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• 2012

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to investigate the perinatal clinical conditions of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) focusing on the effects of early postnatal neutropenia. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 191 VLBW infants who were born at Konyang University Hospital, between March 2003 and May 2011. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of the infants and their mothers and compared the incidence of perinatal diseases and mortality of the infants according to the presence or absence of maternal PIH and neutropenia on the first postnatal day. Results: Infants born to mothers with PIH showed an increased incidence of neutropenia on the first postnatal day (47.4%), cesarean delivery, and intrauterine growth restriction. When the infants born to mothers with PIH showed neutropenia on the first postnatal day, their incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was increased (P=0.031); however, the difference was not found to be significant through logistic regression analysis. In all the VLBW infants, neutropenia on the first postnatal day was correlated with the development of RDS. The incidence of the other perinatal diseases involving sepsis and mortality did not significantly differ according to the presence or absence of neutropenia in infants born to mothers with PIH. Conclusion: In VLBW infants born to mothers with PIH, the incidence of neutropenia on the first postnatal day was increased and it was not significantly correlated with the development of perinatal diseases involving RDS, sepsis, and mortality.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.120-123
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• 2007

거대세포바이러스 감염은 주산기에 흔하며, 90% 정도는 무증상 감염이고 5-10%에서는 폐렴, 청력소실, 발진, 간이나 비장 비대, 뇌염 등이 동반될 수 있으나 위장관 감염은 비교적 드물다. 저자들은 전신 질환이나 이전 위장관 질환이 없는 생후 6주된 면역 정상아에서 거대 세포바이러스 식도염 1례를 항바이러스 제제를 사용하지 않고 대증 요법만으로 합병증 없이 치료하여 보고하는 바이다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2023

Antibiotics are frequently administered during pregnancy. Although necessary to address acute infections, their use facilitates antibiotic resistance. Other associations have also been found with the use of antibiotics, such as perturbations of gut bacteria, delays in microbial maturation, and increased risks of allergic and inflammatory diseases. Little is known about how the prenatal and perinatal administration of antibiotics to mothers affects the clinical outcomes of their offspring. A literature search was conducted of the Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed engines. The retrieved articles were reviewed by two authors and verified for relevance. The primary outcome was the effect of pre- and perinatal maternal antibiotic use on clinical outcomes. Thirty-one relevant studies were included in the meta-analysis. Various aspects are discussed, including infections, allergies, obesity, and psychosocial factors. In animal studies, antibiotic intake during pregnancy has been suggested to cause long-term alterations in immune regulation. In humans, associations have been found between antibiotic intake during pregnancy and different types of infections and an increased risk of pediatric infection-related hospitalization. A dose-dependent positive association between pre- and perinatal antibiotic use and asthma severity has been reported in animal and human studies, while positive associations with atopic dermatitis and eczema were reported by human studies. Multiple associations were identified between antibiotic intake and psychological problems in animal studies; however, relevant data from human studies are limited. However, one study reported a positive association with autism spectrum disorders. Multiple animal and human studies reported a positive association between pre- and perinatal antibiotic use by mothers and diseases in their offspring. Our findings have potentially significant clinical relevance, particularly considering the implications for health during infancy and later in life as well as the related economic burden.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권8호
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• pp.319-327
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• 2016

Allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy, are most common chronic, noncommunicable diseases in childhood. In the past few decades, the prevalence has increased abruptly worldwide. There are 2 possible explanations for the rising prevalence of allergic diseases worldwide, that an increased disease-awareness of physician, patient, or caregivers, and an abrupt exposure to unknown hazards. Unfortunately, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Despite the continuing efforts worldwide, the etiologies and rising prevalence remain unclear. Thus, it is important to identify and control risk factors in the susceptible individual for the best prevention and management. Genetic susceptibility or environments may be a potential background for the development of allergic disease, however they alone cannot explain the rising prevalence worldwide. There is growing evidence that epigenetic change depends on the gene, environment, and their interactions, may induce a long-lasting altered gene expression and the consequent development of allergic diseases. In epigenetic mechanisms, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure during critical period (i.e., during pregnancy and early life) are considered as a potential cause of the development of childhood allergic diseases. However, the causal relationship is still unclear. This review aimed to highlight the impact of ETS exposure during the perinatal period on the development of childhood allergic diseases and to propose a future research direction.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.855-861
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• 2002

목 적: 흉선의 크기는 여러 가지 요인과 관련되어 있으며, 이를 통해 주산기 환아의 상태를 짐작할 수 있다. 이에 저자들은 흉부 방사선 사진의 심흉선/흉곽 비율을 통해 흉선의 크기를 간접적으로 측정하고, 이를 통한 흉선의 크기와 호흡곤란증후군과 자궁내 발육지연과 같은 주산기 사건(perinatal event)과의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2000년 6월부터 2001년 10월까지 1년 5개월간 대구가톨릭대학교병원 신생아 집중치료실에 입원한 호흡곤란증후군 환아 51명, 감염 등 다른 질환이 동반되지 않았던 자궁내 발육지연 환아 27명 및 대조군으로 패혈증 소견이 없었던 조기양막파수 환아 48명을 대상으로 하였다. 흉선의 크기는 생후 6시간 이내 촬영한 흉부 방사선 사진에서 심흉선/흉곽 비율로 측정하였으며, 호흡곤란증후군 환아는 생후 2-3일째, 생후 5-7일째에도 심흉선/흉곽 비율을 측정하였다. 결 과 : 1) 호흡곤란증후군군, 자궁내 발육지연군, 조기양막 파수군의 심흉선/흉곽 비율이 각각 $0.46{\pm}0.07$, $0.32{\pm}0.04$. $0.36{\pm}0.06$으로 세군 간의 심흉선/흉곽 비율 차이는 통계적으로 유의성이 있었다(P<0.01). 2) 호흡곤란증후군군에서 생후 6시간 이내, 생후 2-3일째, 생후 5-7일째의 심흉선/흉곽 비율이 각각 $0.43{\pm}0.07$, $0.34{\pm}0.06$, $0.25{\pm}0.04$으로 호흡곤란 소견이 호전됨에 따라 심흉선/흉곽 비율의 감소가 통계적으로 유의성이 있었다(P<0.01). 3) 출생시 재태연령에 따른 세 군 간의 회귀분석 상에서 심흉선/흉곽 비율의 차이는 통계적으로 유의성이 없었다(P>0.05). 4) 출생시 전체 환아의 재태연령과 심흉선/흉곽 비율간의 상관분석은 통계적으로 유의성이 있었다(P<0.01). 5) 출생시 정상질식분만과 제왕절개분만 방법에 따른 호흡곤란증후군군, 자궁내 발육지연군, 조기양막파수군 및 전체에서의 심흉선/흉곽 비율의 차이는 통계적으로 유의성이 없었다(P>0.05). 6) 출생 전 dexamethasone을 사용한 군(n=33)과 사용하지 않은 군(n=17) 간의 심흉선/흉곽비율의 차이는 통계적으로 유의성이 없었다(P>0.05). 결 론: 흉부 방사선 사진에서 흉선의 크기를 평가하여 주산기 질환 중 신생아 호흡곤란증군, 자궁내 발육지연과 같은 주산기 질환들의 진행 여부 및 변화를 예측하고 조기 진단에 이용 가능하리라 생각된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2010

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is currently the most common agent of congenital infection and the leading infectious cause of brain damage and hearing loss in children. Symptomatic congenital CMV infections usually result from maternal primary infection during early pregnancy. One half of symptomatic infants have cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID), which is characterized by involvement of multiple organs, in particular, the reticuloendothelial and central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, such involvement may or may not include ocular and auditory damage. Approximately 90% of infants with congenital infection are asymptomatic at birth. Preterm infants with perinatal CMV infection can have symptomatic diseases such as pneumonia, hepatitis, and thrombocytopenia. Microcephaly and abnormal neuroradiologic imaging are associated with a poor prognosis. Hearing loss may occur in both symptomatic and asymptomatic infants with congenital infection and may progress through childhood. Congenital infection is defined by the isolation of CMV from infants within the first 3 weeks of life. Ganciclovir therapy can be considered for infants with symptomatic congenital CMV infection involving the CNS. Pregnant women of seronegative state should be counseled on the importance of good hand washing and other control measures to prevent CMV infection. Heat treatment of infected breast milk at $72{^{\circ}C}$ for 5 seconds can eliminate CMV completely.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권10호
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• pp.1047-1050
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• 2003

저자들은 분만 10일 전 herpes zoster 진단받은 산모에서 출생한 환아에서 피부 병변 없이 신경학적 이상 증세만을 보이는 perinatal varicella infection 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2016

The purpose of the review article is to investigate the influence of periodontal diseases on preterm birth(PTB) and low birth weight(LBW). PTB and LBW are the main risk factors of infant mortality and a major public health problem. PTB is defined as delivery at less than 37 weeks and LBW is less than 2,500 grams. Over Approximately 60 percent of perinatal mortality results from PTB or LBW. Although the causes of PTB and LBW are not fully understood, infection is the leading cause of PTB and LBW. Periodontal diseases are serious disease burdens because they are caused by bacterial endotoxin, inflammatory reaction, and cytokine. The periodontal diseases are the predisposing factors of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis. Over the past 15 years, previous studies revealed that periodontitis had adverse outcomes including PTB and LBW in pregnancy.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2011

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)의 통계에 의하면 2008년 한 해에 43만 명의 어린이가 HIV 에 감염된 것으로 보이며 대부분 수직감염에 의한 것으로 나타났다. 수직감염의 예방 프로그램은 이러한 감염을 줄일 수 있는 가장 효과적인 방법이다. 2009년 국립중앙의료원에는 HIV에 감염된 산모로부터 출생한 신생아 3명이 입원하였다. 이들의 산모 2명은 ARV 치료제를 투여하였고 1명은 투여하지 못했으며 3명의 환아에게는 모두 ARV 치료를 하였다. 추적관찰을 4개월에서 16개월 동안 실시한 결과 아직까지는 HIV 수직감염이 의심될 수 있는 혈청학적 검사의 특이 소견은 보이지 않고 있다. 임산부에 대한 HIV 산전검사의 확대, 조기진단 및 효과적인 ARV 치료만이 수직감염을 낮출 수 있을 것이며 저자는 이에 대한 수직감염 예방치료 3례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.