• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.58
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• pp.179-213
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• 2013

While a performance type guarantee is required as a security for non-performance risk by a seller, a payment guarantee is used as a security for non-payment risk by a buyer(or a borrower in a loan agreement). A payment guarantee is a type of independent bank guarantee, bank guarantee, bond, demand guarantee, or standby letter of credit. A guarantor accepts a credit risk of a principal which is normally a buyer in a contract for sale of goods. A payment guarantee is independent of the underlying relationship between the applicant and the beneficiary. The guarantor is only empowered to examine the beneficiary's demand and determine the payment on its face to the terms of the guarantee. A payment guarantee is thus different from a suretyship. The principle of independence carries a significant advantages for a guarantor as well as for a beneficiary. While a documentary credit requires B/L, commercial invoice, packing list, inspection certificate, etc., a typical payment guarantee does not require any evidence for a seller's performance of the underlying contract other than written demand. In this respect payment guarnatee can be a more secured facility than a documentary credit. A payment guarantee normally comes into force from the issuing date and shall remain in effect until all sums guaranteed shall be paid in full by a buyer(or a borrower) or by a guarantor. Although a guarantor shall pay a demand made in accordance with the terms and conditions of the payment guarantee, a payment demand may be denied when it is determined to be abusive or unfair.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.275-281
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• 2012

This paper proposes a modular type manager which is implemented to guarantee performance for LBS automatically in the mobile environment. The proposed system consists of modules for the management of scenario, mobility, and statistics. Each module controls the mobility in order to optimize the performance according to the scenario list. The statistics management module records mobility information and quick solution of errors and problems. The implemented system reduced the management cost and improved the management performance by the automatic test which was tested manually before the development of the system.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.263-270
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• 2005

The reliability guarantee insurance policy for parts and materials was introduced to the market in 2003. This policy indemnifies manufactures for the repair/failure costs, recall expenses. In this paper, owing to the nature of the policy, we propose a new rate-making system considering the type of product and industry, quality control circumstances, record of guarantee performance, and exposures.

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.43-51
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• 2004

The reliability guarantee insurance policy for parts and materials was introduced to the market in 2003. This policy indemnifies manufactures of products for the repair/failure costs, recall expenses of products and business interruption losses found to be defective by users or demand companies during the terms of guarantee and after the user acquired physical possession of the product. In this paper, owing to the nature of the policy, we propose a new rate-making system considering the type of product and industry, quality control circumstances, record of guarantee performance, and exposure.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.770-781
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• 2006

This paper defined design constraints for the compound CVTs (continuously variable trans-missions) by combining power-circulation-mode CVTs and power-split-mode CVTs, which were proposed for connecting 2K-H I-type differential gear to V-belt-type CVU (Continuously Variable Unit). The design constraints are the necessary and sufficient conditions to avoid geometrical interferences among elements in the compound CVTs, and to guarantee smooth assembly between the power-circulation-mode CVT and power-split-mode CVT Two com-pound CVTs were designed and manufactured in accordance with the design constraints. With these compound CVTs, theoretical analysis and performance experiments were conducted. The results showed that the design constraints were valid and effective design method, and that the designed compound CVTs had the improved performance.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.393-400
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• 2005

As one of the useful and powerful methods for designing the optimum pump is using model pump, it is based on the similarity characteristics of turbomachinery. With this theory, we can predict the performance of various pumps. In fact we have performed huge pumps using this, the experimental results were to be sufficient to prove the similarity characteristics. In this study, we predicted the performance of the huge proto-type pump that cannot be installed and made a test. First of all, we had calculated the model ratio between proto-type and model. There were two ways to estimate the performance. One was the application of CFD code, and the other way was model field test. So We selected both of them to guarantee the dependable data and evaluated each other.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2010

In the present study, computations for flow fields inside the CDI unit cells with electrodes and spacers have been made to evaluate their performance. Three types of unit cells that include a planar type, a serpentine channel type, and a spiral wound type were considered and their flow characteristics were compared. From the computational results, it is found that the serpentine channel type has a large flow resistance and can not guarantee the outflow flux for industrial applications. On the other hand, the planar type can sustain a large enough outflow flux but it's efficiency is low for the electrode-use because of the non-uniform velocity distribution inside the cell and dead zones in every corner. Finally, The spiral wound type has not only a large outflow flux as much as the planar type has, but also a high efficiency for the electrode-use because of uniform velocity distribution. From this comparison, we can expect that the spiral wound type of CDI unit cell would have a high performance deionization capability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.513-516
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• 2004

Consistency in design, manufacture, installation and performance test of expansion joints is insufficient for guarantee of reliability because they are imported from various foreign countries as America, Japan and Europe. In addition to that, the regulations or codes of expansion joint should be revised and established for levels of vibration and noise generated from riding vehicles especially. Regulation on the noise neighboring traffic roads is established by ministry of environment. Therefore, Field tests on the vibration and the noise at expansion Joints, especially rail-type and finger-type joints which are typical ones in bridge with short or middle span, are performed and performance of expansion joints are analyzed. And so, the results of the investigation will be utilized as basic data for the regulation on the vibration and the noise.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2002.12a
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• pp.122-125
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• 2002

This paper proposes a stability condition in switched system and then, introduce design method of fuzzy-model-based controller which guarantees the stability. Takagi-Sugeno(75) fuzzy model is employed to design a switching-type fuzzy-model-based ,controller. Furthermore, it is proposed that the design method stabilizing continuous and discrete-time 75 fuzzy model respectively. Each controller in each subspace stabilize the subsystem respectively. In order to guarantee the stability of the global system, it is required to guarantee the stability condition in boundaries with subsystems. The condition which guarantees the stability in boundaries is presented in this paper. Inverted Pendulum system is employed to execute computer simulations. In this computer simulation, the performance of the proposed controller is verified by the control result.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.2438-2443
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• 2007

In order to guarantee the performance of electronic products. It is needed to improve the cooling performance of heat sink. So this paper has been made to investigate the cooling performance for the aluminum heat sink using pulsating heat pipe(PHP). The pulsating heat pipe was used as a heat spreader. Working fluid was R-22. Heater (50 mm ${\times}$ 50 mm ${\times}$ 3mm) was attached to heat sink and it generated 30W, 60W, 80W, 100W. Heat sink was tested for forced convection with 1${\sim}$4m/s of inlet air velocity. And both type heat sinks were carried out by using CFD simulation. This study showed that pulsating heat pipe can be a good tool to improve cooling performance of heat sink.