• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.190-201
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• 1998

This study was carried out with 505(243 boys and 262 girls in the Sungnam area) high school students to investigate the effects of eating behavior and anthropometric variables of weight and height on excercise performance. General characteristics about subjects and eating behavior were surveyed by questionnaire, anthropometric data were collected using two methods. The weight and height of subjects in 1996 were measured, but the same data in 1995 were collected from health records of each student. Body fat content of subjects was measured by BIA(Body Impedance Analysis). The grades of exercise performance, which were evaluated by physical education teachers were collected from records of a physical strength test score of each subject. From these, the following result were found. Groups with different eating behaviors such as skipping meals, overeating, food preference for a specific food(milk, carbonated drink etc.) were significantly different in their weight and height and body fat contents. The growth rate of height in first and second grade boys was significantly higher than that for grade boys. The amount of weight gain from second grade to third grade was significantly more than that of other grades both for boys and girls. The mean of BMI was $21.66\pm{2.95}$ in boy, $21.50\pm{2.62}$ in girls. The percentage of body fat was $24.91\pm{6.55%}$ in boy $34.73\pm{4.88%}$ in girls. Amounts of body fat were significantly increased in third grade. The group with higher fat content and the higher BMI group had lower values of physical strength. And the ability to exercises perform decreased significantly by promotion of grade. The other variables such as degree of concern about weight control and preference of exercise, and frequencies of exercise per week were significant factors in body fat content and physical strength. As a countermeasure for these problems, nutrition and health education must be developed for adolescents and a practical, proper physical activity guidance campaign for them is necessary.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.732-738
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the risk factors for coronary heart disease in elderly women. Seventy five elderly women over 65 years of age participated with 35 elderly men over 65 years of age, 40 middle-aged men and 31 middle-aged women as control subjects. The percentage of body fat(34.1 5.6%) in elderly women found to be significantly higher than in other groups and their waist/hip circumference ratio(WHR) was higher than in middle-aged women. The concentrations of plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in elderly women were higher than in other groups, TG concentration higher than in middle aged women and HDL-cholesterol % lower than in other groups. Plasma cholesterol ester transfer protein(CETP) activities of elderly women were significantly higher than in middle-aged subjects, but were not different from those of elderly men. Plasma Apolipoprotein(Apo) A-I level in elderly women was higher than in middle-aged men but not different from the other groups. Differences among groups were not great in Lipoprotein (Lp)(a)levels. CETP activities were significantly correlated with age, body fat % total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and Lp(a). Therefore, it appears that the increased risk of coronary heart disease in elderly women is due to the increase of body fat, central adipose distribution, serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and CETP activities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.321-331
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• 2008

Purpose: To examine the relationship between body fat percentage (BFP) and N-K cell activity (NKCA) in Korean breast and rectal cancer patients just after diagnosis. Methods: With 35 subjects enrolled between November 2002 and May 2003, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis was used to estimate BFP. FACS Analysis was used to measure N-K cell activity. The relationships between BFP and NKCA were identified by using curve estimation, simple regression, and multiple regression, Results: The mean BFPs of the subjects and all the sub-groups were higher than acceptable BFPs. Both the mean NKCAs of male and female subjects were lower than that of healthy women. NKCA was explained by BFP with a 14.9% variance in the total subjects (p<.05). There were significant negative relationships between BFP and NKCA after controlling age, type of cancer, and stage of cancer while no significant relationship was found after controlling for gender. The relationships between BFP and NKCA in the sub-groups of female, breast cancer, and stage I, and II were significant. The relationships between male, rectal cancer, and the stage III, and VI sub-groups were not identified, but they revealed a mild to moderate steep in curve estimation. Conclusion: Weight reduction could prevent the risk and advancement of breast and rectal cancer in Koreans.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.320-327
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• 2021

Objective: The community has implemented a variety of exercise programs for the elderly population. However, studies comparing changes in the cardiovascular system through body composition and blood analysis after applying aqua aerobic exercise are insufficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a 12 weeks aqua exercise on body composition and cardiovascular index in elderly women. Design: Non-equivalence pre-post design. Methods: Thirty elderly women were assigned to aquarobic group(n=15) and control group(n=15). The aquarobic exercise was 60 minutes per every session, 2times per week, for 12weeks. Weight, skeletal muscle mass, body fat percentage, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were measured before and after the exercise program. Paired and independent t-tests were performed using SPSS program. Results: The result showed was weight(p<0.05), body fat percentage(p<0.05), total cholesterol(p<0.05), triglyceride(p<0.05), HDL cholesterol(p<0.05), and LDL cholesterol(p<0.05) were significantly decreased and skeletal muscle mass(p>0.05) was not significantly increased after aquatic exercise program. Conclusions: According to the study result, aqua exercise program made a positive effect in the improvement of obesity and cardiovascular function in elderly women. Therefore, we suggest that you actively consider implementing the Aquarobic exercise program when operating the community health promotion program in the future. In addition, in future studies, comparative studies according to various ages and genders and studies on the effects of aqua aerobic exercise as a community exercise program for chronically illness patients are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 1996

The trial was conducted to assess the impact of consulting through telephone on body weight reduction among 18 obese adult women. The degree of obesity, food intake pattern, and life style were examined through phone calls. Subjects visited our clinic and their body fat percentages were measured using impedance fat meter (model SIF-891), and were recommended and recorded to have a low calory diet with changes in the food habit and behavior. The study results are as follows: 1. There is a positive relationship between food habit, lifestyle, obese degree, and fat percentage. 2. 8-10kg and 5kg reductions in the body weight were observed among 14 subjects and 2 subjects, respectively. However, 2 subjects maintained their body weights. 3. The body reduction curve looked like a stairway (type) with low slope and was related with food intake amount. 4. It was possible to have the adequate protein intake only through the vegetable diet. 5. 15 out of 18 subjects were on the prescribed low calory diets for 3 days. Therefore, there is a time limitation to follow the diet treatment. 6. A body weight reduction altered dietary intake of foods which were rich in sweet taste, and the favorite foods were chocolate and candy.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.183-194
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• 2001

Purpose : This Study was conducted to find out whether Gwakhyangjunggi-san gamibang has effects on obesity. Method : Before and after medication, we measured height, weight, Bioelectrical Impedance and calculate BMI, and obesity index from 9 obese children who participated in '2001 the 2nd Hur-jun children contest' sponsored by Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center and compared them. Results and Conclusions : 1) After medication, there was reduction of weight, but it has no statistical significance. 2) After medication, there was statistical significant reduction of BMI, obesity index. 3) After medication, there was statistical significant reduction of total fat weight and the percentage of body fat, and significant increase of muscle mass. As above statement, Gwakhyangjunggi-san gamibang has effects on obesity with significant and it is considered that additional and complement study is needed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2022

Purpose : We aimed to investigate the effects of nutritional foods on sarcopenia prevention and physical function among the elderly living in rural communities during the COVID-19 pandemic by providing customized nutrition. Methods : This study was conducted in the rural community of SCC. Participants (n=24, over age 65) were randomly assigned into a Protein group (n=12) and a Vitamin group (n=12). The protein group was given 23 g/d of protein (whey, soybean, BCAA) for 8 weeks and the Vitamin group 23 g/d of vitamin (B, C, D, E and mixed minerals such as calcium, magnesium, zinc) for 8 weeks. All participants had their body composition such as height, weight, skeletal muscle mass, body mass index, and body fat percentage, measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and physical function assessed using grip strength and the short physical performance battery (SPPB). Results : At the end of the intervention, there was a significant increase in skeletal muscle mass (p<.01) in the Protein group (p=.002, 4.92 %) compared to the baseline: it increased by 2.33 %. The Vitamin group had a significant increase in body fat percentage after the intervention (p=.001, 15.35 %) compared to the baseline: body fat percentage decreased by 4.49 %. There were no significant differences in left and right Grip strength/Weight, SPPB, 4-m gait speed, chair stand test, and sense of balance in both groups. Conclusion : The findings from this study suggest that 8 weeks of protein intake have a significant effect on skeletal muscle mass and body fat percentage. Protein intake helped promoting the health of the elderly in rural community during the COVID-19 pandemic. It will assist creating a foundation for providing customized nutrition for the elderly in rural community in the future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1785-1793
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• 2008

Fifty-four PIC barrows were used to evaluate the effects of lower dietary lysine content and energy level on carcass characteristics and meat quality in slaughter pigs. Pigs were allotted to one of three treatments by body weight with six replicate pens in each treatment. The dietary treatments for body weights of 20-50 kg, 50-80 kg and 80-90 kg were as follows, respectively: control diet (digestible energy 14.22 MJ/kg, lysine/DE 0.67 g/MJ, 0.53 g/MJ and 0.42 g/MJ); a low lysine group (digestible energy 14.22 MJ/kg, lysine/DE 0.49, 0.38 and 0.30 g/MJ); and a low lysine-low energy group or low nutrient group (digestible energy 13.11 MJ/kg, lysine/DE 0.49, 0.38 and 0.30 g/MJ). The daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed efficiency were calculated in the overall growth period (nearly 12 weeks). Meanwhile, carcass characteristics and meat quality were evaluated at 60 and 90 kg body weight respectively. During the overall growth trial, lowering dietary lysine and nutrient level both decreased weight gain (p<0.05) and feed efficiency (p<0.01). At 60 kg body weight, decreasing dietary lysine and nutrient level noticeably decreased dressing percentage (p<0.01) and back fat depth at last rib of PIC pigs (p<0.01), but enhanced marbling scores (p<0.10), intramuscular fat content (p<0.10) and water loss rate (p<0.01) of the longissimus dorsi muscle. At 90 kg body weight, lean percentage (p<0.01) was evidently reduced by both lowering lysine content and nutrient level in the diet. However, the shoulder back fat depth (p<0.05) and marbling scores of the loin eye muscle (p<0.05) were increased; Lowering dietary nutrient level could improve back fat depth of 10th rib (p<0.01) and last rib (p<0.01), intramuscular fat content (p<0.10), redness (p<0.01) and water loss rate of the loin eye muscle (p<0.05), but decrease loin area (p<0.05). Finally, when comparing the 60 kg and 90 kg slaughter weights, it was found that the shoulder back fat depth (p<0.01, p<0.10), 6th-7th rib (p<0.01, p<0.01), 10th-rib (p<0.01, p<0.01) and last rib back fat depth (p<0.01, p<0.01) of the low lysine and low nutrient group were all obviously increased comparing with the control group. Taken together, the results showed that decreasing dietary lysine content and nutrient level increased intramuscular fat content and water loss rate of longissimus dorsi muscle; On the other hand, both lowering dietary lysine and nutrient level markedly compensated to increase back fat deposition in the later finishing period (body weight from 60 to 90 kg) in contrast to the control group.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.18-31
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of anthropometric indices of obesity (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, waist hip ratio, and body fat percentage) on the incidence of hypertension in adults with prehypertension. Methods: A longitudinal study design using secondary data form the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study was employed. The study included 1,838 adults with prehypertension tracked every two years from 2001 to 2018. Statistical analyses, including frequency assessments, number of cases per 1,000 person-years, log-rank tests, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox's proportional hazards regression, were conducted using SPSS version 25. Results: Over the observation period (15,783.6 person-years), 1,136 individuals developed hypertension. The incidence of hypertension was significantly higher in the obesity groups defined by BMI (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.33), waist circumference (HR = 1.34), waist hip ratio (HR = 1.29), and body fat percentage (HR = 1.31) compared to the non-obese group. These findings indicate an increased risk of hypertension associated with obesity as measured by these indices. Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of avoiding obesity to prevent hypertension in individuals with prehypertension. Specifically, BMI, waist circumference, waist hip circumference, and body fat percentage were identified as significant risk factors for hypertension. The results suggest the need for individualized weight control interventions, emphasizing the role of health professionals in addressing the heightened hypertension risk in this population.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.131-147
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• 2007

As overweight and obese people have increased, obesity management programs have generated much concern in Korea. Many types of obesity management programs were operated, aimed at reducing weight, BMI, body fat percentage and so on. This study was conducted to review the features of studies in obesity management programs and systematically assess the effects which were published from 1995 to 2006 in Korea. Databases were systematically searched for published data in Korea. It were KISS (Korean studies information services system) and KERIS (Korean Education research information system), which were major literature search systems for all academic fields in Korea. Total 114 studies were initially identified, of which 21 satisfied our inclusion data. The effects of obesity management programs were assessed on the results in weight, BMI (body mass index), HDL (high density lipids), body fat percentage, self-efficacy. Effect size estimated on the equation of M1 - M2 / Sp, where M1 was mean of the experimental group, M2 was the mean of control group, and Sp was the pooled standard deviation. Magnitude of effect size was interpreted by using Cohen's definition. Cohen described small, medium, and large effect sizes as 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 respectively. The studies about obesity management programs were the most published in 2005(26.1%). Obesity management programs were popularly operated as the type of 12 weeks intervention, exercise intervention(52.4%), quasi-experimental study(85.7%). Ten studies reported significant effects on weight, and nine studies reported significant effects on BMI and HDL. Only five and three studies reported significant effects on body fat percentage and self-efficacy respectively. The effects of each outcome were generally significant when the studies included these elements, intervention over 10 weeks, evaluation over 3 times, a comprehensive program (exercise, nutrition education, behavior modification) and reinforcing factors (self-monitoring, group discussion, one's goal setting, and etc.). Effective obesity management programs should contain these essential elements and objectives of obesity management programs must be set out evident at the beginning. The participants should be registered, educated and evaluated by continuous obesity management programs.