• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.700-704
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• 1998

A total of 26 and 55 isolates of fungi were isolated from corn and wheat samples collected from different markets in Korea, respectively. The number of Penicillium isolates from corn and wheat was 9 and 33, respectively. The Penicillium species isolated from corn were P. chrysogenum (3 isolates) and P. oxalicum (6 isolates), and from wheat were P. aurantiogriseum (16 isolates), P. citrinum (1 isolate), P. commun (4 isolates), P. griseofulvum (1 isolate), P. verrucosum (7 isolates), and P. viridicatum (4 isolates). Production of major mycotoxins in the yeast extract sucrose medium cultures of Penicillium isolates was analysed. Penicillium cultures were extracted with chloroform and purified by thin-layer chromatograhy (TLC), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Among 9 isolates of Penicillium from corn, 2 isolates of P. chrysogenum produced patulin, 1 isolate of the fungus produced patulin and citrinin, 2 isolates of P. oxalicum produced penicillic acid, 4 isolates produced pencillic acid and griseofulvin. Of the 33 isolates of Penicillium from wheat, 6 isolates of P. aurantiogriseum produced patulin, 8 isolates produced penicillic acid, 1 isolate produced patulin and penicillic acid, 1 isolate of P. citrinum produced citrinin and patulin, 2 isolates of P. commun produced brefeldin A and patulin, 1 isolate of P. griseofulvum produced brefeldin A, griseofulvin and patulin. Five isolates of P. verrucosum produced patulin, 1 isolate of the fungus produced penicillic acid, and 3 isolates of P. viridicatium produced penicillic acid.

• 식물병과 농업
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.100-104
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• 1999

A total of 65 isolates of Penicillium were isolated from decayed post-harvest fruits of apple pear citrus and grape. The Penicillium species isolated from the apple were idnetified as P. aurantiogriseum and P. expansum those from the pear were P. crustosum and P. expansum and those from the grape were P. aurantiogriseum and P. expansum, From decayed citrus fruits. P. digitatum and P. italicum were isolated. Citrinin and patulin from these species in the YES(yeast extract sucrose) broth were extracted with ethyl acetate and purified by thin-layer chromatography(TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) Among 51 isolates of Penicillium from apple pear and grape 7 isolates produced citrinin 13 isolates produces patulin and 12 isolates produced citrinin and patulin also. All 14 isolates of Penicillium from citrus produced only patulin.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2012

평택일원의 6개의 배 저장고로부터 300개의 부패된 배를 수집 하여 병반부위로부터 곰팡이를이분리 하여 조사한 결과 Penicillium 균이 이병배중에서 84%가 분리되었다. 84 Penicillium 균주를 대상으로 URP2R primer로 균주 간의 DNA 다양성을 조사한결과 18 type의 Penicillium 균주를 검출 할 수 있었으며 URP1F, URP2F, URP2R, URP4R의 PCR 다형성밴드를 이용한 유전적 유연관계분석으로 4 group으로 나눌 수 있었다. 18 Penicillium균주의 형태적특징을 조사한결과 3가지의 특징적인 배양적 특징을 갖는 것으로 확인 되었으며 포자형성과 포자형태에서도 3가지 type이 관찰 되었는데 SP-15균주 type, KP-1-1 균주 type, SP-17 type으로 PCR 다형성결과와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. SP-15형은 형태적, rDNA의 ITS 염기서열 분석에서 P. expansum로 동정 되었으며 분리된 Penicillium 균주 중 70%를 차지하는 우점종인 것으로 나타났으므로 향 후 URP-PCR profile은 종간, 종내 계통 분류에 유용하게 이용 할 수 있다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.115.1-115
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• 2003

Post-harvest decay, caused by Penicillium spp. is a serious problem of fruits worldwide. Morphological characteristics and molecular markers were used to characterize 22 Penicillium isolates from apples, 18 isolates from pears, 60 from oranges and 18 from grapes and 23reference isolates representing related Penicillium spp. to assess their diversity and resolve their taxonomy. Based on morphological and physiological characteristics, the isolates were grouped as identical or very similar to P. digitatum, P. italicum, P. ulaiense or very similar to P. crustosum, P. expansum, P. solitum and unidentified Penicillium spp. Based on sequence comparisons of ITS region, variable site were presented within and among the species, but there variation were not correlated with the species. Cluster analyses of AP-PCR fragment patterns using UP and L45 primer and the -tubulin gene sequence, the Penicillium species were segregated into distinct groups. Particularly. the -tubulin partial sequence data provided support for species concepts based on morphological and physiological characteristics.

• Mycobiology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.170-174
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• 2002

A total of twenty-nine species and one species variety belonging to 12 genera was isolated from 30 samples of molasses on 1% glucose(10 genera, 22 species and 1 variety) and 50% sucrose(7, 21 and 1) Czapek's agar at $25^{\circ}C$ media. Aspergillus, Mucor, Mycosphaerella and Penicillium were the most common genera on the two types of media. From the above genera, the most prevalent species were: Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Mycosphaerella tassiana, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. oxalicum and P. purpurogenum. Also, some species were only isolated on 50% sucrose such as Eurotium amstelodami, E. chevalieri, E. repens, Humicola fuscoatra, Penicillium aurantiogriseum and P. puberulum. About 65 fungal isolates isolated from 50% sucrose agar were tested for their ability to produce invertase enzyme in liquid medium and 93.8% of the isolates could produce this enzyme. From the positive isolates, 32 showed high invertase activity, 21 had moderate activity and the remaining 8 isolates were of weak activity. Sixty isolates of Aspergillus, Emericella, Eurotium, Mycosphaerella and Penicillium from the preceding study were screened for the presence of their respective mycotoxins. Larva of brine shrimp(Artema sauna L.) were used for toxicity test of the fungal crude extracts. Three isolates out of 60 tested were toxic. Using thin-layer chromatographic technique, 5 different known mycotoxin were detected aflatoxins : B1, B2, G1, G2 and citrinin.

• Mycobiology
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.256-259
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• 2013

Three isolates of Penicillium pimiteouiense were recovered from sandy beach soil samples in Penang Island, Peninsular Malaysia. All the isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer regions and ${\beta}$-tubulin gene. This is a first record of P. pimiteouiense in Malaysia.

• Mycobiology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2005

In this study, a total of 300 isolates of Penicillium and related teleomorphic genera were collected from soils of 17 locations in Korea from April to May, 2004. Ninety four isolates were identified as the species of Penicillium subgenus Furcatum based on cultural and morphological characteristics and ${\beta}-tubulin$ gene sequences. Among the specie's, Korean isolates of P. brasilianum Bat. and P. daleae K. M. Zalessky were phylogenetically identical to the reference species based on DNA sequence of the ${\beta}-tubulin$ gene. Here we described and illustrated P. brasilianum and P. daleae that are new in Korea.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1990

사과푸른곰팡이병균 Penicillium expansum의 benomyl 저항성균주(抵抗性菌株) 중(中) 병원성이 약화된 균주를 선발하여 pectin질(質) 분해효소(分解酵素)의 활성과 병원성(病原性)간의 관계를 알아보았다. 인공배지에서는 병원성이 높은 $S_2$균주와 병원성이 낮은 $R_2$균주가 endo-polymethylgalacturonase, endo-polygalacturonase, pectin methyl-trans-eliminase, polygalacturonate-trans-eliminase를 생산하였으며 두균주간의 효소활성에 있어서 현저한 차이는 없었다. 사과배지에서는 위의 4개의 효소가 모두 생산되었으나 endo-polymethylgalacturonsae, endo-polygalacturonase의 활성은 병원성이 높은 $S_1$균주가 병원성이 낮은 $R_2$균주보다 6배 이상 높은 활성을 보였으나 pectin methyl-trans-eliminase와 polygalacturonate-trans-eliminase의 활성은 큰 차이가 없었다. Ammonium sulfate로 염석시켜 얻어진 조효소액(粗酵素液) 중(中) $80{\sim}90%$ fraction에서 endo-PMG와 endo-PG의 활성이 가장 높았으며 이 조효소액(粗酵素液)의 첨가(添加)에 따른 저항성균주(抵抗性菌株)의 병원성이 대조구에 비하여 증가하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.984-988
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• 2019

Blue mold in citrus is caused by Penicillium italicum. In this study, the P. italicum-specific primers were developed for rapid detection based on the conserved genes RPB1 and RPB2 among Penicillium genomes. The two primer pairs RPB1-a and RPB1-b proved to be specific to detect P. italicum. The PCR assay among 39 fungal isolates and the colonial, pathogenic morphologies and molecular methods validated the specificity and reliability of these two primer pairs. This report provided a method and P. italicum-specific primers, which might greatly contribute to citrus postharvest industry.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2005

1997년부터 2003년에 걸쳐 우리나라에서 수확된 보리, 율무, 옥수수, 수수, 벼에서 총 81개의 Penicillium 속균을 분리하였다. 분리된 Penicillium 속균의 배양적 형태적 특징을 이용하여 종을 동정한 결과 P. citrinum, P. chrysogenum, P cyclopium, P. oxalicum, P. polonicum, P. purpurogenum 그리고 P. viridicatum으로 동정되었다. 이 중에서 P. cyclopium, P. polonicum, P. purpurogenum은 국내에서 처음 보고되는 미기록종들이다.