• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.769-776
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• 2001

This study were to review of muscle imbalance of head, cervical and shoulder region. Head, cervical and shoulder region is a complicated mechanical unit. interconnected by numerous soft tissue links. These links, or articulation are functionaly and reflexly interdependent on one another. The line of gravity falls anterior to the transverse axis of rotation for flexion and extension of the head and creates a flexion moment. which tends to tut the head forward, is counteracted by tension in the tectorial membrane, and ligamentum nuchae, and by activity of the neck extensors. Therefore, the flexion moment equilibrate with the extension moment. Changing of the equilibrium will make mid cervical straight. It will make forward head posture(FHP) also. FHP makes imbalance of suboccipital muscles, suprahyoid muscles and infrahyoid muscles. It has some relationship with temporomandibular joint, spine and equilibrium of pelvis.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 2023

Gait analysis is an important tool in the clinical management of cerebral palsy, allowing for the assessment of condition severity, identification of potential gait abnormalities, planning and evaluation of interventions, and providing a baseline for future comparisons. However, traditional methods of gait analysis are costly and time-consuming, leading to a need for a more convenient and continuous method. This paper proposes a method for analyzing the posture of cerebral palsy patients using only smartphone videos and deep learning models, including a ResNet-based image tilt correction, AlphaPose for human pose estimation, and SmoothNet for temporal smoothing. The indicators employed in medical practice, such as the imbalance angles of shoulder and pelvis and the joint angles of spine-thighs, knees and ankles, were precisely examined. The proposed system surpassed pose estimation alone, reducing the mean absolute error for imbalance angles in frontal videos from 4.196° to 2.971° and for joint angles in sagittal videos from 5.889° to 5.442°.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was performed to find the correlation between moire topography and muscle development ratio of both lower limbs. Methods : 88-general persons who examed general health checkup were enrolled this study. Who coincided the exclusion criteria were left out. The authors practiced Moire Topography by using IBS-2000 and measured difference of contour line and interval between vertical base line of neck and pelvis. We made use of X-SCAN to analyse body component and calculate muscle development ratio of both lower limbs. Results : In this study, we found out that the more interval between vertical base line of neck and pelvis grown large, the more muscle development ratio of both lower limbs got small. So, there was correlation between imbalance of the dorsum muscle and muscle development ratio of both lower limbs.(p>0.05). But others did not have. Conclusion : According to this results, we found out there was correlation between imbalance of lumbar and gluteal region and muscle development ratio of both lower limbs. Apply to clinic, we are able to improve the efficacy of diagnosis and medical treatment.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.135-139
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• 2004

Objectives : The objectives of this report is to introduce PTA. Methods : The examination of the leg length inequality gives us a useful tool for diagnosis of body imbalance. especially pelvic distortion. There are four steps in the process of the leg analysis, according to "The Standard Manual of Chuna Society (2nd ed., Seoul:KCA Press. 2001)". In the last step of the analysis, knee-flexing over $90^{\circ}$, we have often experienced a specific sign that the lower legs are attracted toward one side spontaneously. The authors call it 'Lower Leg Lateral Attraction'. This is a very significant sign that gives us which is the major part between pelvis and the upper parts over sacrum. Thus it is definded as "Pelvic Twist Analysis, PTA" by the authors. With PTA, first, you must check the side of short leg and next, check the side of lateral attraction in lower leg over-flexing. If both sides coincide with each other, then the major part you can correct first is pelvic distortion. If not, you must find another part for primary correction, instead of pelvis. Conclusions : PTA becomes a useful complement to the examination of the leg length inequality.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.431-440
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Iyengar yoga practice on the lower body imbalance in middle-aged women. The subjects (n=24), who had not performed yoga training prior to this study (and) were not attending any other training programs, participated after undergoing an X-RAY examination with the Gonstead Technique and then their lower body imbalance (was reevaluated). The subjects completed the yoga program for 12 weeks (3 times per week, 90 minutes per session). The data were analyzed with the paired t-test and alpha was set at 0.05. It was found that 1) the height differences between the right and left iliac crests (p < 0.001), width (p < 0.001) and length (p < 0.001) differences between the right and left iliac fossa, and width differences between the right and left sacrum (p < 0.001) were significantly reduced after the training program. In addition, 2) the lower limb length discrepancy was significantly reduced (p < 0.001). Our data suggest that Iyengar yoga training for 12 weeks reduces the pelvic imbalance and length differences between the right and left lower limbs in middle-aged females.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.55-63
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• 2002

Human body balances right and left leg centering around pelvis and spine. Therefore, imbalance of lower extremity means disequilibrium of the body. The difference of lower extremity length can cause a number of clinic symptoms including scoliosis, low back pain, sacroiliac pain, and sports injury. In this study, we tried to analyze low back pain and joint stiffness resulting from the difference of lower extremity length. The subjects were 80 male students who are 20-25 years old. The results of this study were as following: 1. Low back pain depending on the difference of lower extremity length One group which the difference of lower extremity length is above 12mm showed average different length as 18.0mm, the other group which one is below 12mm showed as 6.3mm. A group of above 12mm had more severe low back pain than a group of below 12mm. 2. Joint stiffness depending on the difference of lower extremity length A group of above 12mm had more severe joint stiffness than a group of below 12mm.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.843-852
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• 2021

The purpose of this review was to synthesize the research on global spinal alignment and reciprocal changes following cervical or thoracolumbar reconstruction surgery. We carried out a search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for studies through May 2020, and ultimately included 11 articles. The optimal goal of a truly balanced spine is to maintain the head over the femoral heads. When spinal imbalance occurs, the human body reacts through various compensatory mechanisms to maintain the head over the pelvis and to retain a horizontal gaze. Historically, deformity correction has focused on correcting scoliosis and preventing scoliotic curve progression. Following substantial correction of a spinal deformity, reciprocal changes take place in the flexible segments proximal and distal to the area of correction. Restoration of lumbar lordosis following surgery to correct a thoracolumbar deformity induces reciprocal changes in T1 slope, cervical lordosis, pelvic shift, and lower extremity parameters. Patients with cervical kyphosis exhibit different patterns of reciprocal changes depending on whether they have head-balanced or trunk-balanced kyphosis. These reciprocal changes should be considered to in order to prevent secondary spine disorders. We emphasize the importance of evaluating the global spinal alignment to assess postoperative changes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.115-121
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study analyzed the correlation between the plantar pressure and body alignment according to the dominant hand of elementary school baseball players. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 32 elementary school baseball players. The 32 players were classified in the right-hand dominant group (Rt. Group, n = 22) and left-hand dominant group (Lt. group, n = 10). The plantar pressure was measured using a pedoscan to determine the maximum pressure and pressure distribution. The body alignment was measured using a fometric 4D to measure the trunk imbalance angle (TI), pelvic tilt angle (PTi), pelvic torsion angle (PTo), pelvis rotation angle (PR), kyphotic angle (Ky), lordotic angle (Lo), and trunk torsion angle (TT). RESULTS: Participants showed correlations in the Rt. group, according to the left maximum pressure, Lo (r = .592, p < .05), and TT (r = .514, p < .05); according to the right maximum pressure, PR (r = .539, p < .05), and Lo (r = .503, p < .05). In the left pressure distribution, the PR (r = -.521, p < .05) showed a negative correlation. In the Lt. group, the PT (r = -.591, p < .05) showed a negative correlation in the left pressure distribution. CONCLUSION: These results can be used as basic data for a body analysis study of elementary school baseball players in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.223-226
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• 2017

Purpose: This study examined two trunk strategies - medio-lateral ramp and anterior-posterior ram - and their effects on pelvis and trunk movements, providing basic material for safe ramp utilization. Methods: The present study included 20 asymptomatic males recruited from a local university. Participants were asked to stand with their feet shoulder-width apart. Their dorsal side faced the camera, and measurements were performed while standing in a neutral double stance, one leg stance, $15^{\circ}$ of medial and lateral ramp, and $15^{\circ}$ of anterior and posterior ramp. Participants were allowed to practice for 3 minutes, and each participant had a 30 seconds rest between the two ramp conditions. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine the effects the ramp conditions on spinal alignment. In all analyses, p<0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance. Results: The trunk-inclination angle on the posterior ramp was significantly lower than that of the double stance position (p<0.05). The trunk imbalance angle was significantly higher on the medial ramp, than that on the double stance position (p<0.05). The pelvic position and pelvic torsion angles were significantly higher in the medial, lateral, and anterior ramp positions than that of the double stance position (p<0.05). The pelvic rotation angles on the medial, lateral, and anterior ramps were significantly lower than that of the double stance position (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that when people are exposed to the same form of ramp for an extended period, posture modifications may be triggered.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.290-300
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• 2023

This study was understood the risk mechanism of falls in the elderly and reviewed previous research data to see if the principle of Pilates rehabilitation exercise could have a positive effect on balance ability and postural stabilization in the elderly, and the purpose of this study is to present literature-based data on the fall prevention effect of rehabilitation Pilates exercise. First, the rehabilitation Pilates exercise makes it available for strengthening the center of the body to stabilize the spine and pelvis and stimulates the nerve root, thereby having an effect on the balance and the joint stabilization. Second, a proprioceptive sensory impairment and a musculoskeletal degenerative disease due to aging increase the loss of balance ability and the instability in posture maintenance, thereby coming to raise the risk of a fall damage caused by the difficulty in performing motor functions and by the gait disturbance. Third, the rehabilitation Pilates exercise leads to improving the core muscle strength in older adults, resulting in being capable of expecting the betterment in the balance and the reaction time motor function. And there is a positive impact on the improvement in body imbalance and on the stability in movement involved in the fall prevention, resulting in being able to suggest the possibility of likely contributing to a reduction in a fall risk rate. In conclusion, the rehabilitation Pilates as the elderly exercise program showed effects on the improvement in the body's muscular strength, on the upgrade in a sense of balance, and on the stabilization of core. Thus, it was considered to diminish the risk factors for a fall damage caused by musculoskeletal degeneration and to be capable of preventing a serious disorder of activity due to a chronic senile disease.