• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.88-99
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was attempted to analyze the relationship between drug abuse and the other problem behavior Patterns among high school students in Cheju. In order to achieve these set-goals, questionaires were finally supplied to the total 379 case of 9 high school from October to December, 1990. The collected data were processed using the SPSS-X computer program and statistically analyzed by the Chi-square method and. percentage. Results of the study were as follows: Among the 370 adolescents, 32.4% of students experienced cigarette smoking in their life, adolescents who experienced alcohol drinking were 46.8%, 0.5% of the students ever used marihuana; cocaine 0.3%, stimulant 3.2%, hallucinogen and inhalants 0.5%, tranquilizer 1.4%, analgesics 31:6%, antitussives 6.5%, antihistamines 1.9%. And all students never experienced the amphetamines and narcotics. The rates of drug use except stimulant and antitussive were higher in the male than in the female students. For the analysis of personal identifying datum, the rates of experienced smokers increased among groups of buddhist and the rates of experienced alconoi drinking increased among groups of no religion. Drug abuser increased among the group lower socio-economic status student, the adolescents whose parents have traditional education point of view. And it was also higher in those who were living only one than in those who were living together. Most students tended to use drugs after 17 or 18 years old. Drug users were more inclined to commit other problem behaviors when compared non-drug users. In the conclusion of the above results, it will be necessary to investigate the drug problem of adolescent. Drug abuse of students must be seen in an environmental context including family, school, peer group and society and not solely as the characteristics of an individual adolescent. And their parents and teachers must be on the alert for the behavior changes of their children such as changes of school performance, neglecting homework, tardiness or truancy from school, runaway from home, and mingled with bad companions, etc. We must recognize that drug abuse is frequently symptomatic of problems in the adolescent's environment.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.160-168
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• 2002

Objectives : This study was intended to investigate the differences of job stressors between managers and low level employees among white-collar workers. Another objective of this study was to examine whether the effects of job stressors on mental health differ between the two groups. Methods : Data was obtained from 204 managers and 258 low level employees who were employed in white-collar jobs. Fourteen job stressors and seven job stress variables were measured. Results : Among the 14 job stressors, role overload, job insecurity, and work-family conflict were higher job stressors for the manager group whereas role conflict, work-aptitude incongruity, participation in decision making, and promotion problems were higher job stressors for the low level of employees. There were no differences in job stress scores between the two groups. However, differences in the effects of job stressors on job stress were found between the two groups. For the manager group, job insecurity, work-aptitude incongruity, and work-family conflict significantly affected in explanation of job stress whereas for the low level employees, role underload, peer satisfaction, and environmental problems significantly explaining the job stress variables. Conclusions : There were significant differences in job stressors between managers and low level employees among white-collar workers. Additionally there were differences in the effects of job stressors on job stress between the two groups.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.489-500
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• 2019

The purpose of the study was to explore the smoking and non-smoking experiences of male adolescents in high school. Data were collected through focus group interviews with 16 participants. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Six themes emerged as a result of the analysis. "Imitating adults with curiosity" delineates first smoking experiences of participants. "Repulsion of cigarettes after first smoking" describes changes in participants' attitude toward smoking after first experience and "Resumed smoking" illustrates re-smoking process to be a peer group and test the taste of cigarettes. "Environmental risks of adolescents smoking" depicts adolescents easily exposed to cigarettes. "Conflicts between smoking and quitting smoking" describes repeated tries to quit smoking and re-smoking processes. Lastly "Reasons of non-smoking for non-smoking adolescents" illustrates the reasons for their non-smoking. Smoking and non-smoking experiences of male high school students' are different from those of female students and adults. Based on the results of the study, programs for preventing smoking and non-smoking education should be designed and executed for male adolescents to improve their health.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.501-508
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to qualitatively analyze the perceptions of aesthetic values of working women taking ballet fitness classes and to find ways to properly establish ballet fitness classes according to the opinions of the study participants. Participants in the study were 9 working women taking ballet fitness classes at local educational institutions, and FGI (Focus Group Interview) was conducted, and the interview was conducted based on a semi-structured questionnaire. Subsequently, the categorization content was derived through expert review and peer review. As a result, first, the study participants expressed their dissatisfaction, hoping that the ballet fitness class helped improve their daily enjoyment and pain, and even watched ballet performance with interest. Second, the participants of the study were actively publicizing the benefits of ballet fitness classes to their families and nearby acquaintances, and hoped that this exercise would help improve the difficult image of ballet. Based on this study, ballet fitness classes were expected to be sufficiently established as a hobby exercise for working women.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.42
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• pp.41.1-41.11
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• 2020

Background: Orthognathic surgery such as bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) for the treatment of mandibular deformities is one of the most common procedures in maxillofacial operations that may lead to neurosensory disturbance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on augmenting recovery of neurosensory disturbance of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in patients who underwent BSSRO surgery. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted by two independent authors in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar electronic databases. Besides, a manual search of all textbooks and relevant articles were conducted. Searches took place in August 2020 and were limited to published and peer-reviewed articles from 2000 to 2020. All analysis was performed using the comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) and the STATA MP (version:16) software. The weighted mean difference (WMD) using the inverse variance method and the standard mean difference (SMD) was considered for continuous variables. Results: Seventy-four papers were retrieved after removing duplicate studies and finally, eight studies were assessed for qualitative synthesis and five for meta-analysis. Totally, 94 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Based on the meta-analysis, it was shown that LLLT was not effective in a short interval (0 to 48 h) after surgery, but in a period of more than 1 month after surgery, the positive results of treatment can be observed strikingly. Also, LLLT side/group showed no significant difference in some aspects of neurosensory recovery such as thermal sensation compared to the placebo side/group. Conclusions: The meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials revealed that LLLT generally improves IAN sensory disturbance caused by BSSRO. Further high-quality clinical trials with longer follow-up periods and larger sample sizes are recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.253-270
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of student-led assessment on achievement emotions and science concept understanding in middle school science classes. For this purpose, 4 of the 7 classes in the third grade of mid- dle school in small and medium-sized cities were selected as the experimental group and conducted student-led assessment, while the comparative group (3 classes) conducted teacher-led assessment. The student-led assessment consisted of 4 stages in which learners took initiative to set learning goals and develop assessment criteria, conduct self assessment and peer assess- ment, and carry out seven assessment activities. Student-led assessment was effective in improving positive achievement emotions and relieving negative achievement emotions and increasing students' science concept understanding in middle school students. Students perform student-led assessment, grasp their reach, and repeatedly go through reflective thinking to compensate for deficiencies in the learning process. Therefore, student-led assessment can be used as a tool to increase science concept understanding by continuously checking the level of science concept understanding.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.225-250
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• 2022

This study aims to examine the effects of infant's social development forest experience activities through meta-analysis. The final nine studies(total of 165 in the experimental group and 159 in the control group) were selected as a method of systematic review. Meta-analysis on overall effect size estimation, chi-square test, significance analysis, publication bias analysis, and subgroup analysis was performed using the R program. The overall effect size of 9 studies was 1.59, indicating a large effect size. As a result of subgroup analysis of the sub-factors of sociality, autonomy showed the largest effect size at 1.47, the adjusted effect size of cooperation was 1.34, the effect size adjusted for peer interaction was 1.29, and the adjusted effect size for perspective-taking ability was 0.97. All were found to have a statistically significant effect. To analyze the moderating effect, a meta-regression analysis was conducted on the participation period(4, 5~6, 7~8weeks), the number of sessions(6~10, 11~15, 16~20), the frequency per week(1, 2, 5), and the participation time(40, 60, 90, 120, 150min), but there was no statistical difference. Although not statistically significant, the effect size was larger when the participation period was 4 weeks, the number of sessions was 16 to 20, the frequency was 2 times per week, and the participation time was 40 minutes. This results can be usefully utilized by policy makers and forest commentators related to the vitalization of forest education through forest experience activities.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.268-274
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• 2023

Objectives: This study investigated whether the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF) can differentiate between two groups of adolescents, one diagnosed with internalizing disorders and another with externalizing disorders, and examined the clinical utility of the MMPI-A-RF by examining which subscales can significantly discriminate between these two groups. Methods: A total of 105 adolescents aged 13-18 years completed the MMPI-A-RF (53 internalizing disorder and 52 externalizing disorder groups). Independent t-test, chi-square test (χ²), and discriminant analysis were used to examine whether MMPI-A-RF can distinguish between the two groups. Results: Sixteen MMPI-A-RF scales best predicted differences between the groups with internalizing and externalizing disorders. Fourteen scales (Higher-Order Scale [Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction], Restructured Clinical [RC] Scale [RC demoralization, Somatic Complaints (RC1), and Low Positive Emotions (RC2)], Personality Psychopathology Five Scale [Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality-Revised, Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism-Revised], Somatic/Cognitive Scale [Malaise, Head Pain Complaints, and Gastrointestinal Complaints], Internalizing Scale [Stress/Worry, Self-Doubt], Externalizing Scale [Negative School Attitudes], Interpersonal Scale [Social Avoidance, Shyness]) were associated with the internalizing disorder group, whereas two scales (Externalizing Scale [Conduct Problems, Negative Peer Influence]) were associated with the externalizing disorder group. Conclusion: The MMPI-A-RF can be an efficient assessment tool for a quick diagnosis as it can classify individuals with internalizing and externalizing disorders in clinical settings that lack a variety of assessment tools for children and adolescents.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.993-1003
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• 2017

Teachers expect team-based project learning to help students develop collaborative and real-world problem solving skills. In practice, however, students tend to solve problems with simple division of labor, and there is a tendency that learning transfer does not occur in solving problems. The purpose of this study is to develop a collaborative learning model based on the transactive memory system (TMS) and to verify its effectiveness. The collaborative learning model based on the TMS is composed of three stages. The first stage is developing TMS. In this stage, the students learn physics concepts and make knowledge about the expertise of group members through peer instruction. The second stage, activating TMS, is building trust through solving well-defined problems for developing near-transfer. And in the third stage, applying TMS, the students solve an ill-defined problem based on real-world context for practicing far-transfer. Based on this model, a 15-week program including two projects on geometric optics and sound waves was developed and applied to 60 college students. The data for five weeks of one project were collected and analyzed. As a result, the TMS of the experimental group with the TMS-based collaborative learning model improved stepwise. Whereas, the difference between the first week and the last week was statistically significant, while the TMS change of the comparison group using the general project learning model was not significant. Also, the experimental group showed that the learning transfer occurred better in the project than the comparison group. A collaborative learning model based on TMS can be used to learn how students gain synergy through collaboration and how students collaboratively transfer the learned concepts in problem solving.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.53
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• pp.231-255
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of social work intervention for the family caregivers of the older persons with stroke. Twelve caregivers were assigned to either a treatment group or a control group. The treatment group intervention consisted of 8 weekly, 2-hour sessions which included education, peer and professional support, individual counselling. Wilcoxon test of the pretest and posttest scores of the two groups showed that those in the treatment program experienced significant decrease in caregiving burden and loneliness compared with caregivers who received no intervention. They also experienced increase in self-esteem, self-efficacy in dealing with caregiving tasks, satisfaction with a relationship with the care-receiver, emotional support. Most of these intervention effects were maintained in the 3-month follow-up measurement except loneliness and the caregiver-carereceiver relationship. Caregivers in the treatment group showed overall satisfaction with the program and willingness to continue to attend in the interventions. Based on these findings, implications for social work practice including self-help groups, psychotherapy for the caregivers, expanding social work intervention for the family caregivers of the older persons were discussed.