• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2001

장애인에 대한 치과의사의 치과진료 현황과 장애인 치과치료를 위한 치과의사 교육 및 임상훈련의 실태를 파악하기 위해 광주광역시와 경인지역의 치과의원 각각 300곳과 600곳의 치과의사를 대상으로 설문 조사하였다. 한달 평균 한 명 이상을 치료하는 치과의원은 44%이었다. 장애유형은 지체장애자, 정신장애, 감각장애, 자폐증 순이었다. 63%의 치과의사가 친절히 대했으며 51%가 치료 후 만족스러웠다고 응답했다. 치료시의 문제점으로는 의사소통의 어려움과 시간의 지연이 가장 많았다. 장애인 치과치료에 대한 교육과 임상 실습에 대한 경험은 각각 49%, 19%이었다. 치과의사의 93%가 장애인 치과치료를 위한 훈련과정이 필요하며, 81%가 장애인을 위한 전문의료기관의 설립이 필요하다고 응답했다 효율적인 장애인의 치과치료가 이루어지기 위해서는 치과대학 학과과정과 졸업 후 보수교육에 장애인 치과치료를 위한 교육 과정을 마련하는 것이 필요하며, 지역내 국가 차원의 장애인 전문의료기관이 필요하리라 사료된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.64-75
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• 1978

In order to know cephalometric norms for the preschool children, this roentgeno cephalometric study was undertaken in each 50 Korean male and female children of primary dentition age from 4 to 5 year. The following results were obtained. 1. In the skeletal analysis, there was no significant difference between male and female in angular measurement and the linear measument of the male was generally greater than that of the female. 2. Saddle angle was $122.3^{\circ}$, articular angle was $147.6^{\circ}$, gonial angle was $119.4^{\circ}$ and the sum of each angle was $396.1^{\circ}$ in male and $396.6^{\circ}$ in female. 3. The ratio of mandibular body to anterior cranial base was about 1 : 0.91. 4. In the primary dentition, suggested that the nasion and point A move forward relative to sella turcica in a fashion, pogonion and point B are equal in angular position relative to plan S-N, bony chin and chin button was yet underdeveloped, and the forward growth of mandible was seen rapid than maxilla after 4 years. 5. Suggested that the percentage of anterior facial height to the posterior facial height were 64.4% in male and 64.1% in female. 6. Maxillary primary incisors was more upright than the permanent incisors, mandibular primary incisors was inclined lingually relative to the permanent incisor, and primary incisors was more upright than the permanent incisors. 7. Maxillary primary incisors in female was inclined labially than male. 8. In the the relationship of the upper lip and lower lip to the esthetic line, the upper lip was 2.11mm and the lower lip was 2.33mm front of the esthetic line.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1978

It has been studied that aminoacetonitrile was associated with the inhibition of collagen fiber, argyrophilic fiber and oxytalan fiber synthesis. This experiment was performed, by the basic knowledge of above mentioned study, to study on the biological effect of aminoacetonitrile to the developing periodontal ligament in Sprague Dawley rat. twenty two of female rats weighing about 200gm were gestated. In 7 days after gestation, the experimental rats were injected aminoacetonitrile 7 times intraperitoneally. After parturition, delivered fJtuses were divided into 4 groups and each group was sacrificed to 1 day, 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days after delivery, schematically. All the fetuses were observed on their periodontal ligament by histological and histo chemical methods. To study on the components of periodontal ligament fiber in these experimental study van Gieson, Masson's trichrom, argyrophilic fiber, oxytalan fiber, methyl green pyronin and periodic acid-Shiff staining were performed. Results were as follows; 1) Retardation of functional orientation in periodontal ligament collagen fiber was observed in 1 day fetuses hut this appearance was diminished gradually and recovered in normal condition in 7 days fetuses. 2) Distribution of argyrophilic fiber in 1 day fetuses was oriented delicately and loosely but volume of this fiber was gradually thickened and distributed densely. 3) Oxytalan fiber was oriented dendritic ally and contradictorily in 14 days fetuses but their orientation was changed into oblique form in middle portion of roof and their numbers were increased gradually. 4) Pyronin-philic stain of fibroblast was gradually deepened in 7 days fetuses and this finding also suggested to the depreciation of collagen synthesis in this specimen. 5) PAS positive line was observed continuousely at the portion of cervical to the middle root surface.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-56
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• 1984

The purpose of this study is to obtain the normal range of mandibular movement for 13 year old boys and girls, and to compare it to the range of mandibular movement of class III patient and normal adult for diagnosis and prognosis of class III malocclusion and TMJ dysfunction. The subjects were 20 normal boys 20 normal girls 22 class III boys and 18 class III girls. The author measured the ranges and shapes of movement of the mandible in the frontal, sagittal and horizontal trajectories using Saphon visitrainer C II (Tokyo Shizaisha Inc.) for the subjects. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The mean for maximum right laterotrusion in the frontal trajectory were 11.96mm in N.B., 11.10mm in N.G., 11.32mm in III. B., 11.24mm in III G. The mean for maximum left laterotrusion were 11.48mm, 11.0mm, 10.91mm, 10.44mm respectively, Area of border movement were 7.16cm in N.B., 6.59cm in N.G., 7.29cm in III. B., 7.50cm in III. G. 2) The mean for maximum protrusion in the sagittal trajectory were 11.7mm in N.B., 11.4mm in N.G.,11.87mm in III B., and 11.02mm in III. G. 3) The mean for maximum protrusion in the horizontal trajectory were 10.20mm in N.B.,10.00 mm in N.G., 9.12mm for III. B. and 9.36mm in III. G. 4) The mean for maximum protrusion of Class III subjects were shorter than those of normal subjects. 5) There was no sexual difference in the range of mandibular movement for 13 year old subjects. N.B; Normal boys N.G.; Normal girls III.B.; Class III boys III. G.; Class III girls.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.131-143
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• 1984

150 rats weighting about 150gm were devided into control group of 80 and experimental group of 70. Control group was subdivided into the irradiated vitamin D injection group and X-ray irradiated group. Experimental group was given 2.0mg ergocalciferol by four intramuscular injection prior to X-ray irradiation with single 800 rads and 1,500 rads respectively. Experimental animals from each group was sacrificed after 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days and their incisors were investigated by histopathological examination. The results were as follows; 1. In the irradiated groups, it showed dentin hypoplasia and formation of dentinoid substance caused by degeneration of odontoblast at the early stage. Especially, 1,500 rads group which was severely effected showed formation of osteoid dentin at the apical portion and severe injuries of dental papilla at the first week. 2. In the vitamin D2 administration group, it showed thinned dentin layer at the early stage but, taking time, predentin and dentin layer was thickened. At the fourth week, dentin was chiefly composed of interglobular dentin, especially in the lingual portion. 3. Using in combination of overdose vitamin D2 administration and X-ray irradiation, it effected severely odontoblast, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells around tooth germ and pulp tissue. At the early stage, dentin layer was thinned but, taking time, it was thickened and composed of interglobular dentin caused by calcification of predentin layer. 4. In 800 rads irradiation after the overdose vitamin D2 administration, it showed formation of osteoid dentin in the lingual portion at the first week. In the 1,500 rads irradiation after the overdose vitamin D2 administration, it showed formation of osteoid dentin and degeneration of ameloblast in both buccal and lingual portion at the first week, and enamel hypoplasia caused by edema and loss of polarity of ameloblasts at the second week. 5. By the entire experiment, the overdose vitamin D2 administration and X-ray irradiation effected severely odontoblasts, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of dental papilla, and primitive cells of tooth germ among the dental tissue. Especially using combination of overdose vitamin D2 administration and X-ray irradiation also effected ameloblasts, resulting in enamel hypoplasia.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.75-89
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• 1984

A total of 141 strains of Streptococcus mutans were isolated from dental plaques of 153 subjects. Eighty-two children with caries-experience, 18 caries-free children and their mothers were participated. All isolates were examined for their serotypes by immunodiffusion method with 7 reference sera and their antibiotic susceptibilities to 7 antibiotics by agar dilution method using 7 kinds of antibiotics, and were compared their results by caries experience (DMFT ratio) and by intrafamilial levels. 1. Isolation rate of Streptococcus mutans were greater in samples of carious teeth than those of sound teeth, and in mothers than in children. 2. Multiple serotypes of Streptococcus mutans were occasionally found in a single samples. 3. Of the total 141 isolates (83 isolates from children, and 58 from their mothers), type c isolates were most prevalent (63.8%). Type d,e and f were found, comprizing 14.9%, 10.6% and 6.4% respectively. Serotype g, a and untypable strain were also found but far lower frequencies (2.8-0.7%), and type b was detected. 4. These results suggest that there are no significant correlation among the distribution of serotypes, antibiotic susceptibilities, caries experience and intrafamilial relationships. 5. Most of isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol (100%), penicillin (95.7%), ampicillin (94.3%), and gentamicin (92.2%), but about one-third isolates were resistant to cephaloridine (27%), streptomycin (33.3%) and kanamycin (47.6%), resulting that 91 strains (64.5%) among 141 isolates were resistant to one or more drugs used. 6. Of the 91 resistant strains, 20 different resistant patterns were observed, and the most frequently encountered patterns were KM, SM and CE.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2014

A positional scanning synthetic peptide combinatorial library (PS-SCL) was screened in order to identify antimicrobial peptides against the cariogenic oral bacteria, Streptococcus mutans. Activity against Streptococcus gordonii and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was also examined. The library was comprised of six sub-libraries with the format $O_{(1-6)}XXXXX-NH_2$, where O represents one of 19 amino acids (excluding cysteine) and X represents equimolar mixture of these. Each sub-library was tested for antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and evaluated for antimicrobial activity against S. gordonii and A. actinomycetemcomitans. The effect of peptides was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two semi-mixture peptides, RXXXXN-$NH_2$ (pep-1) and WXXXXN-$NH_2$ (pep-2), and one positioned peptide, RRRWRN-$NH_2$ (pep-3), were identified. Pep-1 and pep-2 showed significant antimicrobial activity against Gram positive bacteria (S. mutans and S. gordonii), but not against Gram negative bacteria (A. actinomycetemcomitans). However, pep-3 showed very low antimicrobial activity against all three bacteria. Pep-3 did not form an amphiphilic ${\alpha}$-helix, which is a required structure for most antimicrobial peptides. Pep-1 and pep-2 were able to disrupt the membrane of S. mutans. Small libraries of biochemically-constrained peptides can be used to generate antimicrobial peptides against S. mutans and other oral microbes. Peptides derived from such libraries may be candidate antimicrobial agents for the treatment of oral microorganisms.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2017

Six dammarane-type triterpenoids, dammar-24-en-$3{\beta}$-ol (1), $3{\beta}$-epicabraleahydroxy lactone (2), (E)-25-hydroperoxydammar-23-en-$3{\beta}$,20-diol (3), dammar-24-en-$3{\beta}$,20-diol (4), $3{\beta}$-acetyl-20S,24S-epoxy-25-hydroxydammarane (5), and $3{\beta}$-epiocotillol (6) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the bark of Aglaia elliptica. The chemical structure were identified on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and by comparison with those spectra previously reported. Compounds 1 - 6 were isolated first time from this plant. Compounds 1 - 6, along with a known synthetic analog, cabraleone (7) were evaluated their cytotoxic activity against P-388 murine leukimia cells in vitro. Among those compounds $3{\beta}$-acetyl-20S,24S-epoxy-25-hydroxydammarane (5) showed strongest cytotoxic activity with $IC_{50}$ value of $8.02{\pm}0.06{\mu}M$.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.52-62
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• 1976

The purpose of this paper is to present the clinical findings obtained from the fourth year epidemiological study on dental caries prevalence in Korean children and to compare them with those from the first year study made in 1973 by Paik. The oral examination was performed for this study on 1,451 children, composed of 808 boys and 643 girls, at "K" elementary school located in Seoul, Korea. The following conclusions are drawn: 1. The df person rate of primary teeth is 90.30% for boys, 90.67% for girls, and 90.43% for all, which is 7.41% higher than the first year value. 2. The dft index per child of primary teeth is 4.26 for boys, 4.30 for girls, and 4.28 for all, which is 0.42 higher than the first year value. The dt index is 2.49 for boys, 2.44 for girls, and 2.47 for all, which is 0.59 lower than the first year value. The ft index is 1.77 for boys, 1.86 for girls, and 1.81 for all, which is 1.01 higher than the first year value. 3. The DMF person rate of permanent teeth is 70.24% for boys, 73.05% for girls, and 71.49% for all, which is 16.28% lower than the first year value. 4. The DMFT index per child of permanent teeth is 2.08 for boys, 2.50 for girls, and 2.27 for all, which is 1.31 lower than the first year value. The DT index is 1.44 for boys, 1.64 for girls, and 1.53 for all, which is 1.53 lower than the first year value. The FT index is 0.61 for body, 0.85 for girls, and 0.71 for all, which is 0.21 higher than the first year value. The MT index is 0.02 for all, which is statistically the same as the first year value.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.845-851
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• 2010

Purpose: Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been widely used to treat short stature. However, there are some concerns that growth hormone treatment may induce skeletal maturation and early onset of puberty. In this study, we investigated whether rhGH can directly affect the neuronal activities of of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Methods: We performed brain slice gramicidin-perforated current clamp recording to examine the direct membrane effects of rhGH on GnRH neurons, and a whole-cell voltage-clamp recording to examine the effects of rhGH on spontaneous postsynaptic events and holding currents in immature (postnatal days 13-21) and adult (postnatal days 42-73) mice. Results: In immature mice, all 5 GnRH neurons recorded in gramicidin-perforated current clamp mode showed no membrane potential changes on application of rhGH (0.4, $1{\mu}g/mL$). In adult GnRH neurons, 7 (78%) of 9 neurons tested showed no response to rhGH ($0.2-1{\mu}g/mL$) and 2 neurons showed slight depolarization. In 9 (90%) of 10 immature neurons tested, rhGH did not induce any membrane holding current changes or spontaneous postsynaptic currents (sPSCs). There was no change in sPSCs and holding current in 4 of 5 adult GnRH neurons. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that rhGH does not directly affect the GnRH neuronal activities in our experimental model.