• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.115-120
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• 2008

The fatalities of pedestrian accounted for about 40.0% of all fatalities in Korea (2005 year). In pedestrian involved accident, the most important data to inspect accident is throw distance of pedestrian. The throw distance of pedestrian can be influenced by many variables, such as vehicular frontal shape, vehicular impact speed, the offset of impact point, the height of pedestrian, and road condition. The trajectory of pedestrian after collision can be influenced by vehicular frontal shape classified into sedan type, box type, SUV type and van type. Many studies have been done about pedestrian accident with passenger car model and bus model for simple factors. But the study of pedestrian accident by van type vehicle was much insufficient, and even that the influence of multiple factors such as the offset of impact point was neglected. In this paper, a series of pedestrian kinetic simulation were conducted to inspect relationship between throw distance and multiple factors with using PC-CRASH s/w, a kinetic analysis program for a traffic accident for van type. By based on the simulation results, multi-variate regression was conducted, and regression equation was presented.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.190-200
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• 2017

In general, an assessment of the benefits and costs with regard to vehicle safety standards are validated before regulations are implemented. This paper performs this validation for the mandatory automobile safety devices requirement for new micro-mobility. The reviewed car safety standards involved the installation of seat belts, airbags, ABS, crash speed standards, and pedestrian warning system. The benefit was estimated as the cost of accident reduction due to the installation of vehicle safety standards. As a result, the safety belt showed a B / C of 4.0 or higher, and it was found that the seat belt should be installed from 2017. After the seatbelt regulation in 2017, the results of the scenarios with the airbag, ABS, crash speed of 40 km/h, and the pedestrian warning system showed B / C of 1.0 or more according to the year of regulation. This study can be useful as a tool in the decision-making process with regard to the timing and type of vehicle safety standards requirement of micro-mobility in the future.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.153-164
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• 2009

This Paper presents the severity analysis result of the year 2006 national pedestrian crashes using the data base of 37,589 records prepared for the National Police Bureau. A set of attributing factors considered to affect pedestrian crash patterns were selected, and their contributing effects were investigated by applying the Ordered Logit Model. This model was selected because this model has been able to afford satisfactory results when the dependent variable involved ordered severity levels; fatal, injury, and property- damage-only in this investigation. The investigation has unveiled the followings; First, the pedestrian crash patterns were dependent upon human -drivel and pedestrian- characteristics including gender, age, and drinking conditions. Second, other contributing factors included vehicle, roadway geometric, weather, and hour of day characteristics. Third, seasonal effect was not contributive to crash patterns. Finally, the application of the Ordered Logit Model facilitated the ordered severity level analysis of the pedestrian crash data. This paper concludes that conventional wisdom on the pedestrian crash characteristics is largely truthful. However, this conclusion is limited only to the data used in this analysis, and further research is required for its generalization.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.85-95
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• 2017

This study aims to identify the throw distance in terms of truck weight, bumper height, and speed in a truck and pedestrian collision, and to propose a model for throw distance estimates. For this purpose, a simulation analysis is performed using the PC-crash program with the following experiment conditions: Truck weight of 5t, 15t, and 25t, Bumper height from 0.3m to 0.6m by 0.1m, and speed from 10km/h to 100km/h by 10 km/h. Experimental results show that the truck speed and bumper height are found to be significant factors for pedestrian throw distance, but truck weight is not a significant factor. Also, a regression model is developed for pedestrian throw distance estimate from the multiple regression analysis. The adjusted $R^2$ value of the model is 93.3%, which is very good explanatory power.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.8-18
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• 2005

Pedestrians involved in traffic accidents manifest unique trajectory characteristics depending on the collision speed, vehicle configuration, and pedestrian postures. However, the existing analytical models for pedestrian movements do not fully include the rotational characteristics of the pedestrians because they assume a two dimensional parabolic trajectory. This faulty assumption in the development of these models limits their applicability and reliability This study investigated the pedestrians movement at collision by computer simulation. The simulations are carried out by using HADYMO, which is a special simulation software system for dynamic movement analysis. Vehicles and pedestrians are modeled and verified via real crash worthiness experiments. Simulations are performed for various collision speeds, vehicle configuration, and pedestrian postures. Since the simulation uses multi-body dynamics, It can express irregular phenomena of the bodies quite well. The results can be exploited for vehicle design and traffic accident reconstruction.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.115-121
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• 2012

In spite of serious injuries caused by traffic accidents of car-pedestrian, the dispute is constantly occurring and economic losses and mental suffering is escalating since the cause of accidents is not scientifically identified. This study reviewed vehicle dynamics, driving dynamics, collision dynamics, traffic and road engineering for traffic accidents analysis based on traffic accidents related physically objective evidence and analysed the cause of accidents by getting results which applied vehicle initial collision velocity before collision, processing trajectory, collision stance, vehicle velocity before & after collision and parameter by using PC-Crash program. I found that skid mark and collision velocity of car-pedestrian had the error of 11.2%, 2,27% compared to theoretical values.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.18-35
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• 2020

Many human, roadway, and vehicle factors affect vehicle-pedestrian crashes. Especially, the roadway factors are easily defined and suitable for suggesting countermeasures. The characteristics of the road network are one of the roadway factors. The road network significantly influences behaviors and conflicts of drivers and pedestrians. A metropolitan city such as Seoul contains various types of road networks, and crash prevention strategy considering characteristics of the road network is required. In this study, we analyze the effects of road networks on vehicle-pedestrian crashes. In the study, high order road ratio, intersection ratio, high-low intersection ratio are considered as road network variables. Using Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression, crash frequencies in Dongs of Seoul are analyzed based on the road network variable as well as socioeconomic variables. As a result, Dongs are grouped by coefficient signs, and each group is suggested about improvement directions considering conflict situations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.179-189
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• 2019

Korea's transportation paradigm is shifting from a vehicle-centered to a pedestrian-oriented society. Therefore, the interest in pedestrian safety and the improvement of pedestrian environment is also increasing. However, the level of traffic safety in Korea is still severe. It is needed to improve pedestrian safety and pedestrian environment. This study studied pedestrian-vehicle accident data provided by the Traffic Accident Analysis System(TAAS) for 2013-2015 to build a safe walking environment around school zones, and the relation between the school zones and pedestrian-vehicle traffic accidents were identified through the geographic information system(GIS) and spatial regression model. The main results are as follows. First, both road and public transportation factors are likely to increase pedestrian traffic accidents in school zones. Second, regarding land-use factors, residential, commercial, and industrial areas are found to increase pedestrian traffic crashes. On the other hand, mixed use is likely to play a role on the reduction of pedestrian traffic accidents. Finally, it has been shown that high development density also has a positive effect on pedestrian traffic accidents in school zones.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.53-59
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• 2021

According to the Korean Traffic Accident Analysis System (TAAS), more than 200,000 traffic accidents occur every year. Also, the statistics including auto insurance companies data show 1.3 million traffic accidents. In the case of TAAS, the types of traffic accidents are simply divided into four; frontal collision, side collision, rear collision, and rollover. However, more detailed information is needed to assess for advanced driver assist systems at intersections. For example, directional information is needed, such as whether the vehicle in the car accident way in a straight or a left turn, etc. This study intends to redefine the type of accident with the more clear driving direction and path by referring to the Negligence standards used in automobile insurance accidents. The standards largely divide five categories of car-to-car/motorcycle /pedestrian/cyclist, and highway, and the each category is classified into dozens of types by status of the traffic signal, conflict situations. In order to present more various accident types for auto insurance accidents, the standards are reclassified driving direction and path of vehicles from crash situations. In results, the car-to-car accidents are classified into 33 accident types, car-to-pedestrian accidents have 19 accident types, car-to-motorcycle accidents have 38 accident types, and car-to-cyclist accidents are derived into 26 types.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Medium to large post structures installed along the roadside without proper protection can lead to serious vehicle damage and occupant injury at the impact. In North America and Europe, splitting systems such as slip base or breakaway device are used to reduce impacts. But the system has the risk of secondary accident when the splitted post falls down to the traffic or pedestrian. Sliding Post have been proposed as a way to solve this problem. By studying the crash test results of the 1.3ton and 0.9ton vehicle with 60 km/h and 80 km/h to a Rigidly Fixed Post (RFP) and Sliding Post (SP), danger of the conventional RFP and crashworthiness of the SP have been proven. While collision analysis only from the acceleration measured at the center of the vehicle assumes the motion of the post is the same as that of the vehicle, in this paper, by adding high speed film data to the analysis with vehicle acceleration could have separate the post motion from the vehicle motion. It gives better explanations on the movement of post and vehicle in each distinctive time step and provides basics to the crashworthy post design.