• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.9-15
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• 2011

This study analyzed contributing factors affecting leg injury severity in pedestrian-vehicle crashes. A Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) method was used to identify the factors. Independent variables include characteristics for pedestrian, vehicle, road, and environmental conditions. The leg injury severity is classified into two classes, which are dependent variables in this study, such as 'severe' and 'minor' injuries. Pedestrian age, collision speed, and the height of vehicle were identified as significant factors for the leg injury. The probabilistic outcome of predicting leg injury severity can be effectively used in not only deriving pedestrian-related safety policies but also developing advanced vehicular technologies for pedestrian protection.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.126-132
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• 2012

Recently, pedestrian protection related research topics have been actively studied by automotive designers and engineers due to the enhanced pedestrian protecting regulations. It is required to design an energy absorbing structure, such as crumple zone that can sufficiently absorb the impact energy to reduce the leg injury when accident happens. The structure is designed by reducing the height of front end module, considering the mounting location, and investigating impact characteristics. In this paper, the concept of the crumple zone was introduced and the role of the crumple zone was investigated by analyzing the performance of upper legform impact to a bonnet leading edge test, and the design process was suggested.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.10
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• pp.162-170
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• 2013

In recent years, the interests and needs of the Pedestrian Protection System (PPS), which is mounted on the vehicle for the purpose of traffic safety improvement is increasing. In this paper, we propose a pedestrian candidate window extraction and unit cell histogram based HOG descriptor calculation methods. At pedestrian detection candidate windows extraction stage, the bright ratio of pedestrian and its circumference region, vertical edge projection, edge factor, and PCA reconstruction image are used. Dalal's HOG requires pixel based histogram calculation by Gaussian weights and trilinear interpolation on overlapping blocks, But our method performs Gaussian down-weight and computes histogram on a per-cell basis, and then the histogram is combined with the adjacent cell, so our method can be calculated faster than Dalal's method. Our PCA reconstruction error based pedestrian detection candidate window extraction method efficiently classifies background based on the difference between pedestrian's head and shoulder area. The proposed method improves detection speed compared to the conventional HOG just using image without any prior information from camera calibration or depth map obtained from stereo cameras.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2014

Motion Analysis of pedestrian headform was first applied in this paper for the purpose of determining the relationship between stiffness of hood and HIC. Since the analysis of headform movement involves rotation, it has been problematic if analysis of the headform movement is made in local coordinate system only. Correlation of test and simulation is expected to be enhanced through the development of New type of Head Movement Analysis Method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.8-13
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• 2008

Since hundreds thousands of pedestrians are killed or injured in car accidents every year, a variety of research efforts have been performed to protect pedestrians in pedestrian-vehicle crashes. The IHRA reports that injuries on the child head, the adult head, and the adult lower leg/knee are the most critical in the crashes. Identifying the current status of international activities on pedestrian protection, this study, in particular, carries out headform impact test using selected domestic vehicles categorized by three groups - Sedan, SUV (Sport Utility Vehicle), and 1 Box (One Box) Vehicle. According to the valuable findings from the test results, this paper proposes a methodology under which the Korean Technical Regulation for protecting pedestrians in pedestrian-vehicle crashes will be developed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.186-194
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• 2006

Traffic accident involved with the vulnerable pedestrian is one of the significant concerns, which has higher possibility of fatality than any other accident types. Worldwide significant efforts have been made to establish a vehicle safety regulation, which is internationally agreed, in order to reduce pedestrian casualties in pedestrian-vehicle collisions. One of the key issues in deriving the regulation is how to effectively select the parameter values associated with the regulation. This study firstly develops a method to optimize parameter values. An optimizing problem in terms of maximizing safety benefits, which are life-saving effects by the regulation, is formulated. Extensive actual accident data analysis and simulations are conducted to establish several statistical models to be used in the proposed optimization procedure. A set of parameter values that can produce maximizing life-saving effects is presented as the outcome of this study. It is expected that the proposed method would play a significant role in determining parameters as a decision support tool toward ensuring better pedestrian safety.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.43-48
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• 2014

The flexible pedestrian legform impactor(Flex-PLI) consisting of a flexible femur and tibia will be tested for pedestrian protection by global technical regulation(GTR) within the next couple of years as a replacement for the existing transport research laboratory(TRL) legform impactor. In this study, a computer aided engineering(CAE) model was used to perform the effect analysis of each injury with regard to the changes in tolerance factors with the baseline results without tolerance. The tolerance factors were the height of impactor from ground reference line, initial velocity of impactor and rotation of impactor.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2017

In 2014, there were approximately 4,762 fatalities on Korean roads. The fatality rate has decreased by 6.5 %, as compared to that of the previous year. The pedestrian-vehicle fatalities (1,795) have also decreased by 6 % over the previous year. However, the percentage of the pedestrian fatalities has increased from 37.9 % to 38.7 % during the same period. This is why further research is required, even though the KNCAP pedestrian safety assessment and KMVSS for pedestrian protection currently exist. This paper studied the Upper Legform to Bonnet Leading Edge Test at the front of the vehicles, which has not been introduced yet in Korea. The test method and procedure of the new BLE test in the Euro NCAP test protocol have been reviewed, and the physical tests on SUV and sedan with different bonnet leading edge heights have also been conducted and reviewed. In addition, the test results and characteristics have been analyzed via comparison with the former BLE test and each vehicle type.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.255-260
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• 2017

In Korea, traffic accidents between pedestrians and vehicles in 2015 account for 38.8% of all accidents. This study proposes a system design that can measure the risk of conflict between a vehicle and a pedestrian. Firstly the systemdetect and estimate the position, speed, and directional data of the vehicle and the pedestrian. And then it estimate the conflict point between a vehicle and a pedestrian. The risk of conflict is quantified by estimating the pedestrian safety margin (PSM), which is the time difference between the arrival of the pedestrian at the crossing point to the point of conflict and the vehicle approaching the point. In this system each data is acquired through an external monitoring based evaluation module and an individual wearing module. In the future, such a system can be used for decision making such as the design of road hazard improvement facilities and the designation of the elderly protection area.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.64-69
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• 2012

Head injury is one of the most common cause of deaths in car-to-pedestrian collisions. To reduce the severity of such injuries, many international safety committees have performed headform impact test for pedestrian protection. In this paper, an adult headform impactor model is developed based on the finite element (FE) method and validated through the numerical simulation. The skin material of headform impactor is known as polyvinyl chloride skin (PVC) and its material was assumed as viscoelastic. The viscoelastic parameters of headform skin are identified by a series of trial and error methods. The new developed FE adult headform impactor is verified by the drop test and FE JARI adult headform impactor provided by Madymo program.