• Journal of Korean Port Research
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 1999

Traffic accidents increase with the increase of the vehicles in operation on the street. Especially big traffic accidents composed of over 3 killed or 20 injured accidents with the property damage become one of the serious problems to be solved in most of the cities. The purpose of this study is to build the discrimination model on big traffic accidents using the Quantification II theory for establishing the countermeasures to reduce the big traffic accidents. The results are summarized as follows. 1)The existing traffic accident related model could not explain the phenomena of the current traffic accident appropriately. 2) Based on the big traffic accident types vehicle-vehicle, vehicle-alone, vehicle-pedestrian and vehicle-train accident rates 73%, 20.5% 5.6% and two cases respectively. Based on the law violation types safety driving non-fulfillment center line invasion excess speed and signal disobedience were 48.8%, 38.1% 2.8% and 2.8% respectively. 3) Based on the law violation types major factors in big traffic accidents were road and environment, human, and vehicle in order. Those factors were vehicle, road and environment, and human in order based on types of injured driver’s death. 4) Based on the law violation types total hitting and correlation rates of the model were 53.57% and 0.97853. Based on the types of injured driver’s death total hitting and correlation rates of the model were also 71.4% and 0.59583.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.5-17
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The goal of this research is to identify the planning techniques of Smart Green City with Ubiquitous method and carbon-neutral city planning techniques and to induce the main planning techniques through the analysis of relative importance and practical adaptation. Method: First of all, eighteen planning techniques were derived and categorized into three organization systems and six sectors through literature review and FGI analysis considering the applicability of Ubiquitous service for carbon-neutral city planning techniques. Secondly, based on expert surveys and AHP analysis, the importance of Smart Green City planning techniques was evaluated. Thirdly, using case study, six cases related to Smart Green City were analyzed for the current status of application of planning techniques. Lastly, considering the importance of planning techniques and practical aspects, the characteristics of Smart Green City and its implication were estimated. Result: Energy, Resource and Waste and Transportation sector were identified as important sectors for Smart Green City. In addition, 'Construction of Smart Grid', 'System for Utilization of New & Renewable Energy', 'Smart Resource Circulation Management System', 'Establishment of Public Transportation Information System basis', 'Construction of Pedestrian / Bicycle oriented Road Environment' are essential planning techniques to create Smart Green City.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.189-197
• /
• 2013

The purpose of the study was to analyze the improvement elements depended on housing quality measurement tool related to mental health. The data for the analysis was collected through questionnaire survey method from November 1, 2012 to January 17, 2013, and the sample consisted of 720 respondents living in single detached houses, multi-families detached houses, apartments, and town houses in 4 cities, Seoul, Busan, Daejeon, and Kwangju. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of improvement elements are as follows: 1) Pedestrian-threaten street from cars in physical safety 2) A secluded or dark spot and fear of walking at night in social security, 3) Indoor noise, outdoor noise, and evidence of abandoned trash heap/bottle in neighborhood in health & sanitation, 4) Illegal parking and heating control system in facility convenience, 5) Extra kitchen, number of bathrooms, and community spaces in space convenience, 6) Openness and spaciousness of indoor room, and satisfaction of house and neighborhood in comfort, 7) Management common/sharing space in maintenance, 8) Energy saving facility and environment friendly materials use in sustainability, 9) Burden on housing cost, asset value on house, and school district in economic value, 10) Reflection of residents style, surrounding building's number of layers, and neighborhood appearance of preference in housing environment image.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2007

In Korea, the top priority of the exterior space in the urban commercial street has been put on the road and parking for cars, not on the street for pedestrians, because of the lack of institutional urban planning, the land use of high density, the pursuit of maximum commercial profit, etc. Also, it is true that the form and facade of the street buildings which form the characteristics of the commercial street are regarded as the consumption-stimulating tool and, subsequently, are symbolized for commercial profit. This study starts from the recognition of reality, and, with the perspective of general plan for urban exterior space, tries to improve the environmental design of street space. Also, this study searches the ways to enhance the cultural, art, aesthetic and functional values of a city, as well as the ways to promote commercial activities and to perform commercial symbolism and pedestrian functions. This study aims at exploring the importance of street environmental design and the information of environmental design, so that the problems of current street environment, which generates the disorder and chaos of information, may be solved. Also, this study aims at promoting the continuous development for the future street environmental design and design plan.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.26 no.12
• /
• pp.1363-1374
• /
• 2017

Global climate change caused by industrialization has caused abnormal weather conditions such as urban temperatures and tropical nights, urban heat waves, heat waves, and heavy rains. Therefore, the study tried to analyze climate conditions and weather conditions in the streets and analyze climate factors and meteorological factors that lead to inconvenience to citizens. In the case of trees, the overall temperature, surface temperature, solar irradiance, and net radiation were measured low, and the temperature was lower in the Pedestrian road than in roads. The dry bulb temperature, the black bulb temperature, and the wet bulb temperature for the thermal evaluation showed the same tendency. In the case of thermal evaluation, there was a similar tendency to temperature in WBGT, MRT, and UTCI, and varied differences between types. Although the correlation between the meteorological environment and the thermal environment showed a statistically significant significance, the difference between the measured items was not significant. The study found that the trees were generally pleasant to weather and thermal climate in the form of trees, and the differences were mostly documented.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2018

PURPOSES : Traffic cameras have been installed to reduce traffic accidents. The effectiveness of traffic cameras has been proved by dozens of studies, but recently questions over its effectiveness have been raised by a series of studies. In this study, the effectiveness of traffic cameras was analyzed with a focus on different road environments. METHODS : The effectiveness of the traffic cameras was analyzed by extracting the occurence frequency before and after camera installation. The effect of reduction was analyzed comprehensively considering the installation position, monitoring direction, and surrounding environment of traffic cameras. RESULTS : The result of this study is as follows. First, the installation of cameras in an area with relatively low accidental traffic was more effective. Secondly, the effect of camera installation on car-to-pedestrian collisions was better than that of car-to-car collisions. Thirdly, accidents tended to occur more frequently when cameras were installed in front of the accident-prone owing to the negative spill-over effect. CONCLUSIONS : The result can be used to guide placement of traffic cameras. Moreover, the installation of cameras with consideration of the road environment is expected to contribute to a reduction in traffic fatalities.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2018

Background: Increasing the slip resistance of floor surfaces would be desirable, but there is a lack of evidence on whether traction properties are linearly correlated with the topographic features of the floor surfaces or what scales of surface roughness are required to effectively control the slipperiness of floors. Objective: This study expands on earlier findings on the effects of floor surface finishes against slip resistance performance and determines the operative ranges of floor surface roughness for optimal slip resistance controls under different risk levels of walking environments. Methods: Dynamic friction tests were conducted among three shoes and nine floor specimens under wet and oily environments and compared with a soapy environment. Results: The test results showed the significant effects of floor surface roughness on slip resistance performance against all the lubricated environments. Compared with the floor-type effect, the shoe-type effect on slip resistance performance was insignificant against the highly polluted environments. The study outcomes also indicated that the oily environment required rougher surface finishes than the wet and soapy ones in their lower boundary ranges of floor surface roughness. Conclusion: The results of this study with previous findings confirm that floor surface finishes require different levels of surface coarseness for different types of environmental conditions to effectively manage slippery walking environments. Collected data on operative ranges of floor surface roughness seem to be a valuable tool to develop practical design information and standards for floor surface finishes to efficiently prevent pedestrian fall incidents.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.531-542
• /
• 2021

The study aims to investigate differences between men and women in influence of various socio-demographic factors on choice of mode of transport. For this purpose, a binary logit model of choice probabilities is implemented on survey data of a developing country city. Results indicate women's choice of travel mode to be more environment-friendly than that of men. Well-educated, working and middle-aged individuals appear to be the most likely to choosing more-polluting modes of transport for frequent travelling purposes. Individuals in the sample who are the least socioeconomically well off are found the most likely to be promising for the environment. The findings of this study suggest the future transportation policies toward development of existing infrastructure of greener modes of transportation in the city such as, public transportation services and pedestrian lanes, so as to manage the rising issues of degrading environmental quality. The study highlights how the consideration and inclusion of socio-demographic factors is crucial for policy recommendation regarding curtailing the environmental damages contributed by transportation sector. Because mobility crucially affects all other indicators of empowerment, and women are the ones using green modes extensively, the city's transportation system should be so developed which gives their safety and security due importance.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the walking behavior analysis methodology used in the previous studies, paying attention to the demand for empirical data collecting for urban and neighborhood planning. The preceding researches are divided into (1)Recording, (2) Surveys, (3)Statistical data, (4)Global positioning system (GPS) devices, and (5)Mobile Big Data analysis. Next, we analyze the precedent research and identify the changes of the walkability research. (1)being required empirical data on the actual walking and moving patterns of people, (2)beginning to be measured micro-walking behaviors such as actual route, walking facilities, detour, walking area. In addition, according to the trend of research, it is analyzed that the use of GPS device and the mobile big data are newly emerged. Finally, we analyze pedestrian data based on mobile big data in terms of 'application' and distinguishing it from existing survey methodology. We present the possibility of mobile big data. (1)Improvement of human, temporal and spatial constraints of data collection, (2)Improvement of inaccuracy of collected data, (3)Improvement of subjective intervention in data collection and preprocessing, (4)Expandability of walking environment research.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2021

This paper presents an vulnerable road user (VRU) classification and tracking algorithm using vision and LiDAR sensor fusion method for urban autonomous driving. The classification and tracking for vulnerable road users such as pedestrian, bicycle, and motorcycle are essential for autonomous driving in complex urban environments. In this paper, a real-time object image detection algorithm called Yolo and object tracking algorithm from LiDAR point cloud are fused in the high level. The proposed algorithm consists of four parts. First, the object bounding boxes on the pixel coordinate, which is obtained from YOLO, are transformed into the local coordinate of subject vehicle using the homography matrix. Second, a LiDAR point cloud is clustered based on Euclidean distance and the clusters are associated using GNN. In addition, the states of clusters including position, heading angle, velocity and acceleration information are estimated using geometric model free approach (GMFA) in real-time. Finally, the each LiDAR track is matched with a vision track using angle information of transformed vision track and assigned a classification id. The proposed fusion algorithm is evaluated via real vehicle test in the urban environment.