• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2006

Insight into behaviour of pedestrians as welt as tools to assess passenger flow condition is important in such instances as planning and geometric design of railway station under regular and safety-critical circumstances. Algorithm for passenger flow analysis based on DEM (Discrete Element Method) is newly developed. There are lots of similarity between particle-laden two phase flow and passenger flow. The velocity component of 1st phase corresponds to the unit vector of calculation cell, each particle to passenger, volume fraction to population density and the particle velocity to the walking velocity, etc. And, the walking velocity of passenger is also represented by the function of population density. Key algorithms are developed to determine the position of passenger, population density and numbering to each passenger. To verify the effectiveness of new algorithm, passenger flow analysis for the basic models of railway station is conducted.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.409-415
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• 2018

Recently, many countries around the world began to show interest in safety against terrorism, fire, and natural disasters. This study aimed to propose a quantitative measurement system for emergency evacuation and safety for various kinds of terrorism and fire within high-rise multi-purpose facilities, which can measure the pedestrians' ordinary walking patterns in the concourse with the highest pedestrian volume out of all the spaces within multi-story buildings, predict pedestrians' evacuation walking lines when a sudden disaster breaks out, and analyze the gait coefficient, occupant density, and evacuation behavior time.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2017

This study was conducted to test the impacts of distractions caused by smartphones on pedestrians whilst walking alongside or across vehicular traffic in a high-density urban zone in South Korea. Through this study, we propose objective evidence for a link between the risk of traffic accidents and distractions from smartphones for pedestrians because of less likely notice activities surrounding road along their walking. This means that smartphones usage may cause inattentional blindness even during a simple activity that should require few cognitive resources. We conducted an experiment comparing pedestrian behavioral patterns of walking with smartphone distractions (such as listening to music with earphones or sending text messages) and normal walking without any distractions. In the experiment, participants walked along a pedestrian path prescribed by researchers and were observed at 8 points which were as follows: two observation points through which participants were instructed to listen to music whilst walking, two points where participants were instructed to send text messages, and four points through which participants were instructed not to use a smartphone at all. According to pedestrian behavior analysis, there is a trend for attention to be distributed amongst whatever other activities pedestrians are doing whilst walking. Therefore, this study proposes that pedestrians walking with such distractions are at a higher risk of traffic accidents compared to those who walk without such distractions. Thus, we advise for the South Korean government to consider ways to traffic policy that will enhance traffic safety for pedestrians.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권1D호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

최근 유비쿼터스 환경에 있어서 중요한 기반기술로 시간과 장소를 초월한 다양한 정보들을 종합적으로 연계하고 판단하여 사람은 물론 대상 개체들에게 가장 적합한 정보를 제공할 수 있는 상황인식(Context-Awareness)에 대한 연구들이 다양한 영역에서 진행되고 있다. 이러한 연구들 중 하나는 GIS(Geographic Information System)와 LBS(Location Based Services) 기반의 상황인식 시스템 개발에 대한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 위와 같은 기술환경 변화에 대응하여 일상 곳곳에 편재된 센서들이 수집한 각종 환경정보를 효과적으로 상호 공유하여 이용자와 주변 환경의 상황을 알아내고, 다양한 정보에 근거하여 환승센터를 이용하는 보행자에게 개인화된 서비스를 제공하는 상황인식(Context Awareness) 기반의 환승보행 유도안내서비스를 개발하여, 환승을 목적으로 한 이용자의 혼란과 통행비용에 관한 경제적인 손실을 최소화시킬 수 있는 연구를 진행하였다. 테스트베드 환경에서 서비스 프로토타입 자체 검증 결과 상황인식 정보수집 정확도는 90%정도였으며, 서비스 응답 신속성은 10초 이내의 결과를 나타내고 있어 현재의 기술 수준으로도 충분히 서비스가 가능하였으며, 기반 인프라의 고도화에 따라 신뢰도 높은 서비스 제공이 가능하다고 판단된다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.149-163
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• 2017

With the intensification of urban development in Chinese cities, mixed land use in urban centers extends vertically into 3-D and expands its scale from a single building to commercial clusters. The multi-level pedestrian system in city centers also changed its role from one of traffic isolation to spatial integration, where transit nodes, street sidewalks, squares, building entrances, atriums, and corridors are interconnected, both horizontally and vertically, into a whole spatial system, within which pedestrian flows are guided and shopping facilities are arranged. This paper uses spatial configuration analysis of space syntax to examine the impacts of spatial patterns on movement distribution and the business performance of tenant mix in the multi-level commercial system of the Nanshan Commercial Cultural District in Shenzhen, China. The key objective is to better understand the interactions between the socio-economic variables and spatial design parameters of a shopping complex. The research findings point to the importance of multiplicity between syntactic variables and other spatial variables in influencing the pedestrian flows, business performance and tenant mix in highly complex commercial systems. Particularly noteworthy is the relationship between spatial accessibility measures and the location of escalators, and the ways in which individual commercial buildings are embedded into the overall spatial system. The study suggests that this may lead to the preliminary identification of the spatial qualities of effective vertical extensions of mixed land use in a high-density urban settings.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2016

High-rise as a building typology is gaining popularity in Asian mega-cities, due to its advantages in increasing volumetric density with limited land resources. Numerous factors contribute to the formation of high-rise urban form, from economical and institutional, environmental to socio-political. Environmental concerns over the impact of rapid urbanization in developing economies demand new thought on the link between urban environment and urban form. Outdoor and indoor climate, pedestrian comfort, and building energy consumption are all related to and impacted by urban form and building morphology. There are many studies and practices on designing individual "green" high-rise buildings, but far fewer studies on designing high-rise building clusters from the perspective of environmental performance optimization.. This paper focuses on the environmental perspective, and its correlation with the evolution of the high-rise urban form. Previous studies on urban morphology in terms of environmental and energy performance are reviewed. Studies on "parameterizing" urban morphology to estimate its environmental performance are reviewed, and the possible urban design implications of the study are demonstrated in by the author, by way of a microclimate map of the iconic Shanghai Xiao Lujiazui CBD. The study formulates the best-practice design guidelines for creating walkable and comfortable outdoor space in a high-rise urban setting, including proper sizing of street blocks and building footprint, provision of shading, and facilitating urban ventilation.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.551-565
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• 1996

We present the required handover capacity of personal communication service exchange(PCX). We use the flow-based mobility model. The dimension of PCX area and the number of radio port controller(RPC) in a PCX are determined according to the traffic carrying capacity of switching system and RPC. For the rectangular or square-shaped PCX/RPC area and the personal communication service environment with pedestrian traffic, we perform numerical computations to investigate the sensitivity to cell size, portable station(PS) terminating traffic, its density, and its average speed. The results how that the size of PCX/RPC area decreases as the PS terminating traffic and the PS density increase, and the PCX handover capacity required is more than 73,000 in the number of transactions per hour.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2011

본 연구는 군중집회 및 군중눌림 현상의 문헌조사 및 분석에 근거하여 군중집회 및 군중집회에서의 인명피해의 특성을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 대규모 군중집회 시 인명 피해의 특성은 참가자 수와 군중 밀도가 군중집회 종류와 특성에 따라 다른 영향을 미치고 있었다. 군중 집회에 영향을 주는 변수와 그 원인들은 상황에 따라 다양한 정 혹은 부의 영향을 미치고 있었으며 그 변수들은 날씨, 참가자 수, 행사 기간, 실외와 실내, 착석과 이동, 행사 유형, 군중 감정상태, 술 혹은 약물, 군중 밀도, 관련 시설, 참가자 연령 등이었다. 이 중 군중 눌림현상은 실험적으로도 연구가 가능하였고, 사고가 유발되는 물리적 기전으로 보아 군중 압력과 군중 밀도 및 압력의 지속 시간에 영향을 받았으나 사망에 이르는 구체적인 압력 수치를 도출하려면 인간 신체와 관련된 여러 외부적 영향으로 인하여 추가적 연구가 더 필요하다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.50-62
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• 2015

최근 지하철 9호선은 2단계 연장구간의 개통으로 최대 240% 혼잡도를 기록하는 등 지옥철로 불리우며 역사 내 상습혼잡에 대한 문제점이 지속적으로 야기되고 있는 실정이다. 역사 내 혼잡은 이용객의 불쾌감 유발과 철도 운영 효율성을 저하시키는 요인이 되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 철도역사 내 상습혼잡 해소를 위해 철도 이용객 정보제공의 효과평가 방법론을 정립하고자 하였으며, 효과평가 방법론 중 승강장의 혼잡상황을 고려한 Gate Metering 사례 연구를 진행하였다. Gate Metering을 접목시킨 Micro Simulation 및 Pedestrian Simulation Tool을 선정하여 열차의 혼잡도별 Metering 효과분석을 시행하였으며, 그 결과 Gate Metering 시행 시 혼잡도별 승강장의 서비스 수준 및 보행밀도가 개선되는 것을 확인하였다. 승강장에서 Metering을 실시 할 경우 플랫폼 대기 공간 내 혼잡도 조절 가능성이 있다고 판단한 것 이다. 따라서, 본 연구를 통하여 철도역사 내 이용객 혼잡도 관리를 위한 정보제공 효과평가 지표 수립 및 프로그램을 통한 이용객 정보제공 효과평가 방법론 정립이 가능하다는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.773-777
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• 2016

In this paper, a novel multi-object tracking method to track an unknown number of objects is proposed. To handle multiple object states and uncertain observations efficiently, a probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter is adopted and modified. The PHD filter is capable of reducing false positives, managing object appearances and disappearances, and estimating the multiple object trajectories in a unified framework. Although the PHD filter is robust in cluttered environments, it is vulnerable to false negatives. For this reason, we propose to exploit local observations in an RFS of the observation model. Each local observation is generated by using an online trained object detector. The main purpose of the local observation is to deal with false negatives in the PHD filtering procedure. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method robustly tracked multiple objects under practical situations.