• 대한교통학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.499-510
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• 2017

2016년 우리나라 교통사고 사망자 수 4,292명 중, 노인사고 사망자 수는 1,732명에 달한다. 그럼에도, 고령 보행자의 도로횡단 특성에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 본 연구는 보행자와 차량 간의 횡단특성을 고령 보행자 측면에서 조사 및 분석한 연구이다. 연구에서는 2개 지역, 6개 지점에 대한 횡단 조사를 실시하였으며 주요 결과를 간략히 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 도로 횡단 시 고령자는 626건의 상충상황 중에서 528건(84.3%), 비고령자는 478건의 상충상황 중에서 303건(63.3%)이 위험상황으로 나타나, 고령자가 비고령자에 비하여 3.11배의 높은 통계적으로 유의한 위험상황에 직면하는 경향을 보였다. 둘째, 고령자의 경우 전체 626건의 상충상황 중에서 519건(82.9%)의 무단횡단이 나타났고, 비고령자의 경우 478건의 상충 상황 중에서 375건(78.5%)를 보여, 고령자가 비고령자에 비하여 1.34배의 높은 통계적으로 유의한 무단횡단 경향을 보였다. 셋째, 보행자안전간격(Pedestrian Safety Margin, PSM)을 분석결과 고령자의 PSM은 3.33초, 비고령자의 PSM은 4.04초로 고령자의 PSM은 비고령자보다 약 17.5%가 작은 경향을 보였다. 넷째, 접근하는 차량의 속도를 30km/h 이하 차량, 30-50km/h 차량, 50km/h 이상인 차량으로 나누어 보행자 안전간격의 차이를 검토해 본 결과 속도30km/h 미만 차량과 속도 30km/h 이상 50km/h 미만 차량의 PSM은 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않지만, 속도가 50km/h 이상인 차량과의 상충은 30km/h 미만과 30km/h 이상 50km/h 미만보다 PSM 이 유의미하게 작아진다. 다섯째, 위험상황의 임계치를 PSM 2.5초 이하로 설정한 경우, 고령자가 비고령자 보다 1.59-2.53배 위험하게 횡단하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 향후 고령 보행자와 비고령보행자의 횡단 행태 차이를 토대로 고령 보행자안전대책, 자율주행차량의 안전 등의 기반 연구로 활용할 수 있다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2006

Purpose：This thesis was performed to evaluate the effect of the experience safety education on the safety behavior and standard of habit to the middle school students of one islands. Methods：The participants of this study included 43, located in the adjoining region in S county. While one of the class, composed of 19 students was designated as an experimental group, and the other class, composed of 24 students, was compared as a control group. Used program in this study was safety education program, 'Safe School, Safe Life' which was developed by Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency. This program has emphasis on the virtual case rather than lecture style education. Results：The findings in this research were as follows. Indoor safety behavior was significant difference between the two groups. On the other hand, the effect on outdoor safety behavior was not difference. In playground case, active strength was needed without continuous attention. The effect of the experience safety behavior education was not shown in the area of traffic rules, pedestrian safety, and vehicle safety. But home safety behavior was effective. Education program on the manners of standard life habit gives positive results. But in the area of rules, this program was not effective, since students had tendency to emphasize the rigid scale rather than manners. Conclusion：These findings in the study give us the necessity of experience safety education program to prepare various situations of everyday life and to reinforce safety behavior and improve standard life habit.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2021

이상 객체란 일반적이고 평범한 행동을 취하는 객체가 아닌 비정상적이고 흔하지 않은 행동을 하여 관찰이나 감시·감독을 필요로 하는 사람, 물체, 기계 장치 등을 뜻한다. 이를 사람의 지속적인 개입 없이 인공지능 알고리즘을 통해 탐지하기 위해서 광학 흐름 기법을 활용한 시간적 특징의 특이도를 관찰하는 방법이 많이 활용되고 있으며, 이 기법은 정해진 표현 범위가 없는 수많은 이상 행동을 식별하기에 적합하다. 본 연구에서는 생성적 적대 신경망(Generative Adversarial Network, GAN)으로 입력 영상 프레임을 광학 흐름 영상으로 변환하는 알고리즘을 학습시켜 비정상적인 상황을 식별한다. 특히 생성적 적대 신경망 모델이 입력 영상에 대한 중요한 특징 정보를 학습하고, 그 외 불필요한 이상치를 제외시키기 위한 전처리 과정과 학습 후 테스트 데이터셋에서 식별 정확도를 높이기 위한 후처리 과정을 고도화하여 전체적인 모델의 이상 행동 식별 성능을 향상시키는 기법을 제안한다. 이상 행동을 탐지하기 위한 학습 데이터셋으로 UCSD Pedestrian, UMN Unusual Crowd Activity를 활용하였으며, UCSD Ped2 데이터셋에서 프레임 레벨 AUC 0.9450, EER 0.1317의 수치를 보이며 이전 연구에서 도출된 성능 지표 대비 성능 향상이 확인되었다.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.250-265
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• 2016

Owing to our rapidly aging society, accessibility evaluation to enhance the ease and safety of access to indoor and outdoor environments for the elderly and disabled is increasing in importance. Accessibility must be assessed not only from the general standard aspect but also in terms of physical and cognitive friendliness for users of different ages, genders, and abilities. Meanwhile, human behavior simulation has been progressing in the areas of crowd behavior analysis and emergency evacuation planning. However, in human behavior simulation, environment models represent only "as-planned" situations. In addition, a pedestrian model cannot generate the detailed articulated movements of various people of different ages and genders in the simulation. Therefore, the final goal of this research was to develop a virtual accessibility evaluation by combining realistic human behavior simulation using a digital human model (DHM) with "as-is" environment models. To achieve this goal, we developed an algorithm for generating human-like DHM walking motions, adapting its strides, turning angles, and footprints to laser-scanned 3D as-is environments including slopes and stairs. The DHM motion was generated based only on a motion-capture (MoCap) data for flat walking. Our implementation constructed as-is 3D environment models from laser-scanned point clouds of real environments and enabled a DHM to walk autonomously in various environment models. The difference in joint angles between the DHM and MoCap data was evaluated. Demonstrations of our environment modeling and walking simulation in indoor and outdoor environments including corridors, slopes, and stairs are illustrated in this study.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권9호
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• pp.2170-2190
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• 2012

There are nowadays strong demands for intelligent surveillance systems, which can infer or understand more complex behavior. The application of crowd density estimation methods could lead to a better understanding of crowd behavior, improved design of the built environment, and increased pedestrian safety. In this paper, we propose a new crowd density estimation method, which aims at estimating not only a moving crowd, but also a stationary crowd, using images captured from surveillance cameras situated in various public locations. The crowd density of the moving people is measured, based on the moving area during a specified time period. The moving area is defined as the area where the magnitude of the accumulated optical flow exceeds a predefined threshold. In contrast, the stationary crowd density is estimated from the coarseness of textures, under the assumption that each person can be regarded as a textural unit. A multilayer neural network is designed, to classify crowd density levels into 5 classes. Finally, the proposed method is experimented with PETS 2009 and the platform of Gangnam subway station image sequences.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.55-75
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• 2021

The lightweight superstructure is beneficial for bridges in remote areas and emergency erection. In such weight-sensitive applications, the combination of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) as a material and box-beams as a structural system have enormous scope. This combination offers various advantages, but as a thin-walled structure, their designs are often governed by buckling criteria. FRP box-beams lose their stability either by flange or web buckling mode. In this paper, the web buckling behavior of simply supported FRP box-beam subjected to transverse load has been studied by modeling full box-beam to consider the effect of real state of stress (stress variation in length direction) and boundary conditions (rotational restraint at web-flange junction). A parametric study by varying the sectional geometry and fiber orientation is carried out by using ANSYS software. The accuracy of the FE models was ensured by verifying them against the available results provided in the literature. With the help of developed database the influential parameters (i.e., αs, βw, δw and γ) affecting the web bucklings are identified. Design trends have been developed which will be helpful to the designers in the preliminary stage. Finally, the importance of governing parameters and design trends are demonstrated through pedestrian bridge design.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2004

There are many attempts to make more comfortable amenity in city districts and streets to provide a soundscape design. And the sound which reflects the culture and peculiarity of characterized the street must be preserved. Thus these attempts are recognized as another noise control to give the suitable environmental sound, not to reduce noise level. This study aims to analyze the behavior of the pedestrian and sound environment of the street sound, by measuring the sound level for the Insa-Dong Traditional Culture street. As the results, it is advisable to use the natural water sound dominating the district and to provide the staying spot to watch the event to be held. The results of this study could be used as fundamental data to recover the image of Insa-Dong Traditional Culture street to consider design concept of soundscape.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2017

In this study, the boundary non-linear analysis of the sky bridge subjected to walking load and running load is performed. The sky bridge is installed in the mid-story between two buildings and the walking load and running load induced by pedestrians are measured by load cell. LRB is modeled as a non-linear hysteresis model to accurately represent the behavior of LRB. For the serviceability evaluation of sky bridge, the acceleration responses of sky bridge are analyzed based on ISO 2631-2 and the velocity response are analyzed based on standards Bachmann &Amann. In serviceability evaluation of this sky bridge, the pedestrian can not perceive the vibration except for resonance running loads consequently. Therefore, it is concluded that this sky bridge haven't problem in the serviceability.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.560-565
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• 2011

This paper proposes the design of micro energy harvesting system by using thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU), which harvests electric energy from the kinetic energy of pedestrian and drives the desired load, and applied it to the self-generating shoes. Also, we designed the buck-boost converter in discontinuous conduction mode(DCM) which functions as a resistor emulator(RE) such that converter's average input current is proportional to input voltage, and it results in transfer of maximum power to buck-boost converter according to control behavior that converter's input resistance is matched with TPU's internal resistance. Therefore, this paper confirms the validity of proposed control scheme and possibility of application for self-generating shoes, from the obtained characteristic of designed micro energy harvesting system by using a TPU and buck-boost converter in DCM.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2013

The traffic culture index is used as a major index in evaluating the traffic safety services of local governments and also serve as important data for the planning and implementation of traffic safety services. However, as the traffic culture index gradually became a standard for comparison among local governments, in part, certain cases arose which questioned the grounds for selecting variables for the index and the validity of the index in terms of its influential relationship between evaluation items. This study analyzed the index's influential relationship by utilizing a PLS structural equation model based on the evaluation results of the 2011 traffic culture index. A variable-linking model was created which recognized the relativity taking into account of the indirect effects between latent variables and this model was proven to be a model suitable in explaining the traffic culture index with a 97.8% explanation power. It was found that traffic safety(0.530), driving behavior(0.527), pedestrian behavior(0.187) and vulnerable road users(0.147), in such order, had an effect on the traffic culture index. It was also found that human casualties due to traffic accidents under "traffic safety" and traffic light compliance rate under "driving behavior" had an important effect. The study showed that motor vehicle share in illegal parking in school zones did not have a valid explanation power regarding "vulnerable road users".