• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 다운증후군 아동들의 T-ball 스윙 중에 작용하는 근육의 활동을 규명하는 것이다. 다운증후군을 가진 남자 아동 5명을 대상으로 T-ball 스윙 중에 중요하게 작용하는 pectoralis major, upper serratus, lat dorsi, anterior deltoid, rhomboids, infraspinatus, posterior deltoid의 근육활동을 노락슨 8채널 무선 근전도 측정시스템을 사용하여 시작-백스윙, 백스윙-임팩트, 임팩트-팔로스루 구간으로 나누어 분석하였다. 다운증후군 아동들은 정상아동 및 성인선수들보다 시작-백스윙 구간 및 백스윙-임팩트 구간에서 오른쪽 및 왼쪽 상체 부위의 근육활동이 더 두드러지게 나타났다. 반면에 임팩트-팔로스루 구간에서는 정상아동 및 성인선수들에 비해 더 적은 근육활동이 나타났다. 특히 임팩트 후 팔로스루 구간에서 어깨 수평 내전근인 pectoralis major와 견갑골 외전 및 상방 회전근인 upper serratus 근육의 활동 강화가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2019

Background: The serratus anterior is one of the most important muscle for maintaining good scapular alignment in the shoulder joint. The pectoralis major and upper trapezius may also compensate for weak serratus anterior muscles. The push-up plus exercise has been identified as the optimal exercise for maximum activation of the serratus anterior. Objects: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in surface electromyography (EMG) activity of upper trapezius, pectoralis major, and serratus anterior muscles during push-up plus exercises on variously angled surfaces in subjects with winged scapula. Methods: Sixteen subjects with winged scapula (male=5, female=11) volunteered for this study. The subjects performed push-up plus exercise on four different tilt angles, namely $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$. EMG activities in the serratus anterior, upper trapezius, and pectoralis major muscles during performance of push-up plus exercise were measured in all subjects. Data were processed from repeated measures one-way analysis of variance. Results: There was significant difference in the muscle activity of the serratus anterior on the different surface angles (p<.05). The results of the post-hoc analysis showed significantly greater serratus anterior muscle activity on a surface at a $0^{\circ}$ angle than at others tilt angles (p<.05). There was also significant difference in the ratio of serratus anterior to upper trapezius and serratus anterior to pectoralis major across the four surfaces (p<.05), and post-hoc analysis showed significantly greater values on the $0^{\circ}$ surface than on other tilts (p<.05). Conclusion: This study found that performing push-up plus exercises on a flat surface with $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ tilt angle achieves high activation of the serratus anterior muscle for selective strengthening. It can also take into account the sequential application, which is first performed at a $30^{\circ}$ and at a $0^{\circ}$ tilt angle for and effective but not excessive muscle activation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.421-427
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• 2005

Although the incidence of mediastinal wound infection in patient undergoing median sternotomy for cardiovascular surgery is relatively low(less than 1%), it is not only a devastating and potentially life-threatening complication but also associated morbidity, mortality and cost are unacceptably high. During the past few decades various methods had been applied for the treatment of postoperative mediastinitis. Currently, chest wall reconstruction by using muscle flaps-especially pectoralis major muscle and rectus abdominis muscle are commonly selected for the reconstruction after wide debridement has become widely accepted. We performed bilateral pectoralis major-rectus abdominis muscles in-continuity bipedicle flap to overcome the limit of each flap for reconstruction of sternal defects in 17 patients. We analyzed the results of the surgery. Recurrent infection developed in 17.6% of cases and abdominal herniation was observed in one patient. There was no postoperative hematoma or death. We conclude that this flap is very valuable in reconstruction of the anterior chest wall defect caused by post-sternotomy infection because it provides sufficient volume to fill the entire mediastinum, and the complication rate compares favorably to that of other methods.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2017

Background: Rounded shoulder posture (RSP), a postural abnormality, might cause shoulder pain and pathologic conditions. Although most previous research has investigated RSP focusing on the proximal structures of the shoulder, such as the scapula and pectoralis muscles, the relationship between RSP and anterior distal structures of the upper extremity, such as the biceps brachii muscle and elbow joint, is not clearly understood. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the correlations between RSP and the biceps brachii length, elbow joint angle (EJA), pectoralis minor length, general pectoralis major length, humeral head anterior translation (HHAT), glenohumeral internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), and horizontal adduction (HAD). Methods: Twelve subjects with RSP (6 male, 6 female) were recruited. All subjects fulfilled the RSP criteria indicated by a distance ${\geq}2.5cm$ from the posterior aspect of the acromion to the table in the supine position. The examiner measured each of the following parameters twice: RSP, biceps brachii length, EJA, pectoralis minor length, pectoralis major length, HHAT, glenohumeral IR, ER, and HAD. Pearson's correlation coefficient(r) was used to assess the correlation between RSP and all the variables. Results: There was a significant moderate positive correlation between RSP and biceps brachii length (r=.55, p=.032), moderate negative correlation between RSP and pectoralis minor length (r=-.62, p=.015), and moderate positive correlation between RSP and HHAT (r=.53, p=.038). Conclusion: The biceps brachii length, pectoralis minor length, and HHAT could be used to evaluate patients with RSP. Better understanding of the correlation between these factors and RSP could help in the development of effective methods to treat patients with this condition in clinical management.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2004

The objective of the study is to analyze the myoelectrical activity involved in performing the Swallow movement, a D-level technique, in order to use it as the basic research data in helping train gymnasts in how to perform strength-related techniques. To this end, four national representative athletes who participated in the 2002 Busan Asian Games were selected. The results of the comparison analysis of the individual models are summarized as follows. 1) The results of the E.M.G analysis showed that during the Swallow movement, the myoelectrical activity was detected higher in pectorialis major muscle and bicep brachii muscle than in trapezius muscle and deltoid muscle. 2) The results of the E.M.G analysis showed that during the Swallow movement, the myoelectrical activity was measured high in triceps brachii muscle and palmaris longus muscle, while the myoelectrical activity was recorded low in latissimus dorsi muscle and rectus abdominis muscle. 3) In performing the Swallow in the rings, the mean average (%) was found high in the order of erector spinae, pectorialis major muscle, palmaris longus muscle, triceps brachii muscle, deltoid muscle, latissimus dorsi muscle, and trapezius muscle. All taken together, the athletes showed a difference in the distribution of the muscles during the performance of the Swallow. The muscle that showed a constant distribution among the athletes was pectoralis major muscle, which proves that for a stable performance, it is ideal to increase the myoelectrical activity in pectoralis major muscle.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study examined the imaging procedure of pectoralis minor muscle thickness and assessed the intra- and inter-rater reliability of the muscle thickness measured by two raters using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) in healthy individuals. METHODS: Fifteen participants (aged 21 - 28, seven females, and eight males) were involved in the study. The primary rater palpated the coracoid process and the fourth rib, defined as the width of the index finger lateral to the sternum to avoid breast tissues, and lined the two landmarks. The second examiner checked 1 / 3 (1st point) and 1 / 2 (2nd point) of the line length as measurement points. The two raters obtained right side muscle images of the participants at a standardized sitting position using RUSI with a 7.5 MHz linear transducer at 40mm depth. For intra-rater reliability, the principal rater took three images per point and tried to take one more with an interval. For the inter-rater reliability, the other rater performed the same tasks as the principal rater on the same day. The reliability was analyzed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), the standard error of the measurement (SEM), and Bland and Altman plots. RESULTS: The reliability at all points was excellent for the same rater (ICC_3,1 = .973 - .978, SEM = .042 - .046), and between raters (ICC_2,1 = .939 - .959, SEM = .059 - .097). CONCLUSION: These findings show that the RUSI could be reliable for examining the pectoralis minor muscle thickness in healthy individuals at all measurement sites.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2001

Main disadvantages of conventional pectorails major myocutaneous flap is bulkness of muscular pedicle. It makes difficult to use this flap in a case of supraomohyoid neck dissection. Pectoralis major myocutaneous island flap is a modification to overcome this shortcoming. And bilobular design of skin portion of this flap could be used for reconstruction of a through and through defect. We report a case of reconstruction of full-thickness defect of cheek with bilobular pectoralis major myocutaneous island flap and compare it with conventional pectoralis myocutaneous flap.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2018

본 연구는 토트백이 젊은 여성의 작은가슴근 두께와 위등세모근의 긴장도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 확인하였다. 습관적으로 토트백을 들고 다니는 27명의 여성이 본 연구에 동원되었다. 대상자들은 대상자들의 체중의 0 %, 5 %, 7.5%, 10 % 무게에 해당하는 토트백을 한쪽 손목으로 들고 있는 동안 작은가슴근의 두께와 위등세모근의 긴장도를 측정하였다. 가방의 무게가 증가할수록 위등세모근의 긴장도는 유의하게 증가되었으며(p<.05), 작은가슴근의 두께 역시 가방 무게에 따라 유의하게 증가되는 것을 확인하였다(p<.05). 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, 손목으로 토트백을 드는 습관이 젊은 여성의 위등세모근과 작은가슴근에 해로운 영향을 끼칠 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 그러므로, 본 연구는 토트백 즐겨 사용하는 여성들에게 가능하다면 토트백 무게를 감소시킬 것을 제안한다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the muscle activity of shoulder stabilization according to change of supporting base interval between push-up bend and push-up plus position and is to prevent or treat a shoulder injury by the most effective exercise for rehabilitation. Methods : This study analyzed the muscle activity according to change of supporting base interval between push-up bend and push-up plus movement. The participants without neuromuscular disease were 25 students - 12 males and 13 females - all twenty or over and the surface electrode of EMG attached on pectoralis major, triceps long head, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi. The process has practiced 3 sessions of supporting base interval - narrowing interval, two shoulder interval, broad interval - by push-up bend and push-up plus movement. Result : 1. The muscle activity of pectoralis major was significantly increased according to narrow interval of supporting base on push-up plus movement and was significant difference(p<.05). 2. The muscle activity of biceps was significantly increased according to narrow interval of supporting base on push-up bend movement(p<.05). 3. The muscle activity of middle or lower trapezius was a difference according to change of supporting base on push-up bend and push-up plus movement but was not significant difference. 4. The muscle activity of serratus anterior was significantly increased according to broad interval of supporting base on push-up bend movement(p<.05). 5. The muscle activity of latissimus dorsi was significantly increased according to broad interval of supporting base on push-up bend movement(p<.05). Conclusion : These results lead us to the conclusion that push-up bend exercise have the effect of muscle strength of biceps on narrowing interval, of serratus anterior or latissimus dorsi on broad interval and push-up plus exercise have the effect of muscle strength of pectoralis major on narrowing interval of support base.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.848-853
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• 2001

배경 및 목적: 정중 흉골 절개 후 발생한 흉골 감염과 열개(dehiscence)는 드물지만 적절한 치료를 하지 않을 경우 그 사망률은 높다. 본 교실은 개심술 후 발생한 12예의 흉골 감염 및 열개 환자에서 광범위한 괴사조직 제거와 근육편 이식술로 치료하고 그 수술 결과를 보호하고 효과적인 치료 방법을 찾고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 개심술 후 흉골 감염과 열개가 발생한 13예 중 흉골감염의 치료 전에 뇌경색으로 사망했던 1예를 제외하고 12예를 치료대상으로 하였다. 6예가 판막치환술 환자였고, 다른 6예가 관상동맥우회로술 환자였다. 1991년 이후에 수술한 7예에서는 짧은 기간의 배액(배농)과 세척으로 발열이 없어지면 바로 수술하였다. 감염 및 괴사된 연부조직 및 뼈를 절제하고 흉골의 사장을 우측 대흉근편 (회전편), 좌측 대흉근편 (회전편 또는 전진편), 우복직근을 단독 또는 복합으로 보강하였다. 결과: 12예의 흉골 감염 및 별개의 수술 치료 후 사망은 없었다 흉골 감염 및 열개가 발견된 후 평균 6.6$\pm$3.9일에 근육편의 이식수술을 하였다. 4예에서 우측 대흉근편을, 8예에서 양측 대흉근편을 사용하였으며, 각각 1예와 2예에서는 우복직근도 사용하였다. 1예에서 좌측 대흉근의 전진편이 괴사되고 흉벽농양이 발생하여 우복직근을 이용하여 재수술하였다. 근래에 수술한 3예에서는 우측 대흉근의 전진편만을 넓게 펴서 흉골사강을 보강하여 한 근육 편으로 흉골열개를 치료하였으며 3주 이상 개방성 배액관의 거치가 필요했다. 결론: 개심술 후 합병된 흉골절개부위의 열개 및 감염에서 짧은 기간의 세척 후 조기 수술에 의한 괴사조직의 제거와 주위 근육편 이식으로 쉽게 치료할 수 있으며, 우측의 대흉근만으로도 흉골 열개의 수술치료가 가능하다고 생각된다.