• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.101-104
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• 1990

The bacteria isolated from mulberry trees which had shoot soft rot symptoms occurred after intermediate cutting during autumn rearing season were indentified. External morphology of the bacteria showed rod shape with peritrichous flagella, and were facultative anaerobes in oxygen requirement test. The baacteria easily putrefied the slices of potato and carrot when they were placed on to the center of sliced surfaces, and the bacteria, also, iniciated rapid development of soft rot symptoms on mulberry leaves in pathogenesity test. The results of morphological, physiological and pathological tests on the bacteria suggested that the isolate could be a strain of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.26 no.2 s.52
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• pp.186-192
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• 2004

This study was carried out to analyze the organic acids, polyphenols, pigments and fiber materials concentration with a different stalk position and grade of korean leaf tobaccos. Eight kinds of flue-cured leaf tobaccos which were different stalk position and grade were used for this study. Three kinds of major organic acids(citric, malic and oxalic), 2 kinds of polyphenols(chlorogenic acid and rutin), 3 kinds of pigments($\beta$-carotene, chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b), and 2 kinds of fiber components(pectin and lignin) were analyzed. All of these chemical components were changed with a different stalk position. When the citric acid, malic acid, $\beta-carotene$, chlorophyll-a, and lignin concentration were low in the middle stalk position and high in both bottom and upper position, oxalic acid and chlorogenic acid show the highest concentration in the middle stalk position. All of these chemical components also changed with a different grade of leaf tobaccos. As the citric acid, malic acid, $\beta-carotene$, chlorophyll-b, and lignin concentration decreased as the grade ascended, the oxalic acid and chlorogenic acid concentration increased as the grade ascended. This results assumed that the quality of korean leaf tobacco was directly proportional to oxalic acid and chlorogenic acid concentration but it was inversely proportional to citric acid, malic acid, $\beta-carotene$, chlorophyll-b and lignin concentration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.83-83
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• 2012

면섬유는 강우량, 일조량, 온습도, 영양분 등의 성장환경조건과 유전인자 및 추수방법에 따라서 섬유길이, 단면구조, 꼬임, 성숙도 등이 다양하게 변화한다. 면섬유에는 pectin, cotton wax, 지방질, 단백질계 물질, 자연색소 및 무기질 등의 불순물을 약 5% 함유하고 있다. 이러한 물순물을 제거하여 처리액의 침투성 향상을 돕고, 백도를 증진시키기 위해 전처리를 한다. 본 연구에서는 산지별로 생산되는 원면의 특성을 알아보기 위해 중국, 인도, 인도네시아, 파키스탄에서 원면을 각각 수입한 후 동일한 조건으로 편직하였다. 4개국 원면의 꼬임과 단면형태를 관찰하고, 불순물의 함량을 알아보았으며, 정련과 표백처리를 농도별로 진행하여 전처리조건이 염색성에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 정련 및 표백조건을 20% 씩 증가시켜가며 전처리를 하였고 농도별로 전처리된 시료를 Yellow 색상의 반응성 염료 0.005% (owf)로 염색한 후 자동컬러측색장치(CCM)를 사용하여 색차, Yellow Index(Y.I.), White Index(W.I.)를 비교분석하였다. 결과를 보면 인도산 원면이 다른 원면에 비해 Y.I.와 W.I.에서 다소 차이를 보였고, 염색현장과 조제업체에서 제시한 표준 전처리조건을 참고로 하였을 때, 표준 전처리조건 대비 0 ~ 40% 농도까지는 색상차이가 크게 나타나지만 60% 농도 이상에서는 색상차이가 크지 않았다. 이 결과로부터 산지별 원면의 전처리시 최소한의 조제투입량으로 최적의 전처리효과를 볼 수 있는 전처리공정조건을 설정할 수 있었고, 이로써 원가절감 및 오폐수감소 등의 효과를 기대할 수 있다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2018

A xylanolytic and cellulolytic anaerobic bacterium strain CtC72 was isolated from cattle rumen liquor. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CtC72 shared only 97.78% homology with its nearest phylogenetic affiliate Actinomyces ruminicola, showing its novelty. The strain could grow on medium containing xylan, carboxymethyl cellulose and avicel producing $CO_2$, acetate, and ethanol as major fermentation products. The whole genome analysis of the strain CtC72 exhibited a broad range of carbohydrate-active enzymes required for the breakdown and utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. Genes related to the production of ethanol and stress tolerance were also detected. Further there were several unique genes in CtC72 for chitin degradation, pectin utilization, sugar utilization, and stress response in comparison with Actinomyces ruminicola. The results show that the strain CtC72, a putative novel bacterium can be used for lignocellulosic biomass based biotechnological applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1979.04a
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• pp.113.1-113
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• 1979

Each year, vast amount of agricultural crop residues are produced (about 60 percent of the total crop production), which have not been effectively utilized because they are bulky and lignocellulosic, thus having little fuel energy per unit volume. Using treated plant residues as animal feeds could result in an ultimate saving of fossil fuel energy and a more effective utilizat ion of products created by the photosynthetic process. Feeding the residues to animals would decrease the pollution potential, but these residues are difficult for even a ruminant animal to digest. If cellulosic wastes produced from cereal grain straw and wood could be digested, land now used for producing forage add grain cnuld be shifted to food crops for humans. During the past decade, considerable efforts were made to utilize crop residues. These utilization methods can be broadly grouped into for categories: (1) direct uses, (2) mechanical conversions, (3) chemical conversions and (4) biological conversions. Agricultural crop residues consist mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, andother plant carbohydrates. The nature of the constituents of these residues can be best utilized as one of the five FS: Fuel, Fiber, Fertilizer, Feed and Food. Many processes have teen proposed and some are in industrial production stage. However, economics of the process depend on the location where availability of other competitive products are different.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.131-151
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• 1970

A new method of plastic film coating has been investigated to extend storage life of apples. The film coating was effected by dipping fresh apples in a plastic emulsion. The effect of plastic film coating on the preservation of freshness, respiratory activities and chemical components during storage, has been investigated on four leading varieties of apples. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The effect of film coating on storage life of apples was apparent, resulting in delay of after-ripening, shriveling, softening or physiological impediment as well as reducing consumption of reserve materials and waste fruits. 2. Change in the partial pressure of gas, i.e., increase in carbon dioxide and decrease in oxygen in apple tissue was resulted by the plastic film coating, suggesting that the film deposited on the fruit interfered with the diffusion of gases formed therein. 3. The effects of plastic film coating on the fruit storage varied with the type of plastic emulsions, coating temperature, varieties of apples and degree of fruit ripening. As regard to apple varieties, good results were obtained with PVA 217 for both American Summer Pearmain and Jonathan, and PVC 443 for McIntosh. 4. Reduction in the diminution rates of L-malic acid, ascorbic acid and soluble pectin etc. during storage of apples may account for the improved storage life of the fruits treated with plastic films.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1244-1252
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• 2013

Sugar beet pulp is an abundant industrial waste material that holds a great potential for bioethanol production owing to its high content of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectin. Its structural and chemical robustness limits the yield of fermentable sugars obtained by hydrolyzation and represents the main bottleneck for bioethanol production. Physical (ultrasound and thermal) pretreatment methods were tested and combined with enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulase and pectinase to evaluate the most efficient strategy. The optimized hydrolysis process was combined with a fermentation step using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain for ethanol production in a single-tank bioreactor. Optimal sugar beet pulp conversion was achieved at a concentration of 60 g/l (39% of dry weight) and a bioreactor stirrer speed of 960 rpm. The maximum ethanol yield was 0.1 g ethanol/g of dry weight (0.25 g ethanol/g total sugar content), the efficiency of ethanol production was 49%, and the productivity of the bioprocess was 0.29 $g/l{\cdot}h$, respectively.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.151-168
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• 2012

Gas sparging is one of the techniques used to control the concentration polarization during ultrafiltration. In this work, the effects of gas sparging in stratified flow regime were investigated during gel layer controlling cross flow ultrafiltration in a rectangular channel. Synthetic solution of pectin was used as the gel forming solute. The liquid and gas flow rates were selected such that a stratified flow regime was prevalent in the channel. A mass transfer model was developed for this system to quantify the effects of gas flow rates on mass transfer coefficient (Sherwood number). The results were compared with the case of no gas sparging. Gas sparging led to an increase of mass transfer coefficient by about 23% in this case. The limitation of the developed model was also evaluated and it was observed that beyond a gas flow rate of 20 l/h, the model was unable to explain the experimental observation, i.e., the decrease in permeate flux with flow rate.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 1997

Botrytis cinerea T91-1 has been shown to produce at least four different polygalacturonases into a liquid medium containing citrus pectin, a carbon sousrce. One of the enzymes, which had an apparent molecular weight of 66 kDa estimated by denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by a series of procedures including a cetone precipitation, ion exchange, heparin affinity, and reverse phase column chromatographies. The molecular weight of native enzyme was determined to be 64 kDa by gel permeation chromatography indicating the enzyme to be a single polypeptide chain. By viscometric analysis, the enzyme was revealed as exo-polygalacturonase. The enzyme activity was inhibited by divalent cations such as $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, and Cu$^{2+}$. Km and Vmax for polygalacturonic acid hydrolysis were 0.33 mg/ml and 28.6 nM/min, respectively. The optimum temperature for enzymatic activity was 5$0^{\circ}C$. And the enzyme showed optimal pH values between 4.0 and 5.0. The enzyme was stable upto 12 hours in the range of pH 3 to 8 and at temperature below 3$0^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.277-284
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• 1996

The objective of this study was to screen the antimutagenicity of yam enzymatic browning reaction product (YEBRP), mucopolysaccharide and dietary fiber from yam to the mutagen of sodium azide and 2-aminoflourene (2-AF). Antimutagenicity of YEBRP on the mutagenicity of sodium azide showed no difference compared to control without YEBRP but that of 2-AF was high In all substrate. (P＜0.01) On the mutagenicity of sodium azide and 2-AF, antimutagenicity of mucopolysaccharide and dietary fiber were high (p＜0.01) in $\alpha$-cellulose and hemicellulose, Antimutagenicity of u-cellulose on the mutagenicity of 2-AF was high at 5 hours reaction time but that was decreased as the reaction time increased.