• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.62-71
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• 2000

In order to investigate the social support and the job satisfaction of the public health nurse, questionnaire survey was carried out on 297 nurses who were working in 25 public health centers in Seoul. The results of the study were as follows; 1. Mean score of job satisfaction was the highest in interaction(3.55) followed by-professional position(3.46), relationship between nurses and doctors(3.23), autonomy(2.85), administration(2.60), requirements(2.43) and pay(2.30) in descending order, and total mean score was 2.92. 2. The level of the job satisfaction was significantly higher in group with longer than 20 years' career and 15 years' in Public Health Center, 5th job rank and income more than two million won a month. 3. The mean score of social support was 3.57 out of 5. The social support tended to be higher in direct social support(3.61) than in indirect social support(3.54). 4. Job satisfaction was significantly correlated with social support(r=0.407). 5. The primary factor which influenced the job satisfaction was the social support which had the 25.5% explaining efficacy. The total explaining efficacy which included pay(6.4%) was 31.0%. In conclusion, it was found out that there existed Pearson's correlation between the job satisfaction and the social support of nurses of Public Health Centers in Seoul. Therefore, what is needed to increase the job satisfaction of nurses of public Health Centers is the politic support for the systems of the social support such as nurse's family, the system of Public Health Center, and the working environment. Finally it is important to increase the job satisfaction of nurses of Public Health Centers through the politic support.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out impact of level of awareness about old age, knowledge of the elderly and preparing for later life on college students in Korea. The study was composed of 133 students who were studying in 4-year system at colleges. Data were collected from October 1st to November 31st, 2019. Data analysis included an independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression using the SPSS 19.0 program. As a result of this study, factors influencing the subject's preparing for later life included knowledge of the elderly (β = 0.21, p = .012), men (β = 0.28, p = .001), and level of awareness about old age (β = 0.23, p =. 005), and the accounting power of these factors was 18% in total (F=9.14, p<.001). The results of this study suggest that understanding of the elderly must be improved in order to effectively prepare for later life and gender should be taken into account when planning for intervention.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.391-401
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of empowerment on nursing performance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention in hospital nurses. Method: The subjects were 345 nurses at a general hospital in D city. Data were collected by structured questionnaire from January 10 to February 15, 2009. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, and Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression by SPSS win 17.0 program. Results: The mean scores were 3.60(${\pm}.43$) of empowerment, 3.80(${\pm}.38$) of nursing performance, 3.49(${\pm}.55$) of job satisfaction, 4.70(${\pm}.74$) of organizational commitment, and 2.34(${\pm}.84$) of turnover intention. Empowerment was correlated with nursing performance, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment positively, but correlated with turnover intention negatively. As a result of multiple regression, empowerment has 34.3% of the explanatory power on nursing performance, 24.0% on job satisfaction, 30.7% on organizational commitment, and 15.6% on turnover intention. Conclusion: Empowerment was a critical variable affecting nursing job performance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover. Also, if various variable - active and adequate child-care support system, provided conditions continue to study, and adequate and appropriate compensation for nursing performance - affecting empowerment are managed, nurses' empowerment level will rise at the same time.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.344-351
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to testify whether clinical performance examination (CPX) was useful to evaluate comprehensive performance for nursing students just prior to graduation. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to examine the usefulness. A total of 61 nursing students whose requirement credits were completed for graduation from a C University in G-city, at December, 5, 2007. Data were analyzed by Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Spearman's rank Correlation Coefficient. Results: This study showed that both of the finals scores with paper and pens and the clinical practicum scores were not correlated with the CPX scores (r=-.031, p=.811; r=.028, p=.831). Consistency of scores between faculties and standardized patients was moderate (r=.752, p=.000). Conclusion: CPX was considered as a different and innovative evaluation from previous testing systems to test the various aspects of performance including knowledge, skill and attitude. Therefore, CPX under high raters' consistency was useful to test nursing students's final performance. Further study would be needed to develop the standard of CPX system.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.146-154
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of job stress and job satisfaction and the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction of Medical Aid Client Managers. Method: Data were collected from 185 Medical Aid Client Managers in 234 areas between April 2-15, 2007. Collected data was analyzed for the frequency, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient etc. Results: The average score of job stress was 2.6. Job instability was highest as 2.9 and job autonomy was lowest as 2.2. in eight items. When the job stress of Medical Aid Client Managers was converted to 100 point, the average was 51.7 and ranked in upper 50% of Korean woman workers' job stress. Among the eight items, because the relationship satisfaction and the instability of duty regime ranked in upper 25% of Korean woman workers' job stress, those items were identified to have high stress. The average score of job satisfaction was 2.3 out 4.0 which could be interpreted as unsatisfactory. The correlation between the job stress and the job satisfaction demonstrated significant difference. Decrease of the job satisfaction was associated with increase of the job stress. In regard to the eight items, the inverse correlation was demonstrated to be significant in organization, inappropriate compensation, and workplace culture. Conclusion: Medical Aid Client Managers have high stress in carrying out their duties. They have experienced very severe instability in their duty regime. Also, they have felt alienated from their organization and experienced unfair rewards. They had low duty satisfaction but got a heavy workload and experienced overtime work. To relieve job overburden of Medical Aid Client Managers. it was necessary to improve business system and also was necessary to relieve a regional disparity of business charge.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.43 no.4 s.310
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• pp.50-57
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• 2006

In Electronic Commerce, the latest most of the personalized recommender systems have applied to the collaborative filtering technique. This method calculates the weight of similarity among users who have a similar preference degree in order to predict and recommend the item which hits to propensity of users. In this case, we commonly use Pearson Correlation Coefficient. However, this method is feasible to calculate a correlation if only there are the items that two users evaluated a preference degree in common. Accordingly, the accuracy of prediction falls. The weight of similarity can affect not only the case which predicts the item which hits to propensity of users, but also the performance of the personalized recommender system. In this study, we verify the improvement of the prediction accuracy through an experiment after observing the rule of the weight of similarity applying Vector similarity, Entropy, Inverse user frequency, and Default voting of Information Retrieval field. The result shows that the method combining the weight of similarity using the Entropy with Default voting got the most efficient performance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.56-61
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate relationship between the angle of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (1st MPJ) and the dimensions of the abductor hallucis; dorso-plantar (DP) thickness, medio-lateral (ML) width, and cross-sectional area (CSA), in subjects with and without hallux valgus. Methods: Sixty feet, mean (SD) age of 22.5 (2.1) years old, were included in this study (hallux valgus = 30; control = 30). An X-ray device was used for measurement of the angle of the 1st MPJ, and an ultrasound system was used for determination of mean (SD) DP thickness, ML width, and CSA of the abductor hallucis muscle in each foot from three trials. Results: The results showed the DP thickness, ML width, and CSA of the abductor hallucis did not differ significantly between subjects with and without hallux valgus. In addition, the correlations between the angle of the 1st MPJ and DP thickness, ML width, and CSA of the abductor hallucis showed poor correlation (Pearson r=-0.09, -0.20, and -0.18, respectively). Conclusion: Based on these findings, we speculate that morphological changes to the abductor hallucis muscle cannot be representative of the angle of the 1st MPJ, and also cannot be used in differentiation between subjects with and without hallux valgus.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.39-47
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• 2016

PURPOSE : This study attempts to find the effects of water perturbation exercise performed on stroke patients in their physiological cost index and gait ability tests. METHOD : The subjects were 30 stroke patients, water perturbation exercise group was performed 3 day per week, for 40 minutes a day, for a period of eight weeks. The physiological cost index and gait of all subjects were assessed by using the polar, 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and 10 meter Walk Test(10mWT) at pre training and post training. Paired t-test was used to analyze change before and after intervention in group. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze correlation of all variables. RESULT : Water perturbation exercise group showed increased physiological cost index. Water perturbation exercise increased gait ability, showing a significant difference. Showing the correlation between the relatively high amount between physiological cost index and 6 minutes walking test. CONCLUSION : From the result of the study, we found that water perturbation exercise was effective in improving physiological cost index and gait ability. The patient is considered to be used by itself to involve the treatment and the risk of falling from the lowered state into the treatment method for the intensive treatment of stroke patients to be useful in improving the cardiovascular system and ability to walk. Through underwater training for stroke patients in the future on the basis of this study it is considered to require additional clinical studies on the impact on daily living and quality of life of stroke patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7603-7609
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• 2014

Glutathione is a thiol compound that plays an important role in the antioxidant defense system of the cell and its deficiency leads to an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and, thus, progression of many disease states including head and neck cancer. In the present study, alterations of glutathione levels were investigated in study cohort of 500 samples (cohort 1 containing 200 head and neck cancer blood samples along with 200 healthy controls and cohort II with 50 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples along with 50 control tissues) by high performance liquid chromatography. The results indicated that mean blood glutathione levels were significantly reduced in head and neck cancer patients (p<0.001) compared to respective controls. In contrast, the levels of glutathione total (p<0.05) and glutathione reduced (p<0.05) were significantly elevated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared to the adjacent cancer-free control tissues. In addition to this, pearson correlation performed to correlate different tissue glutathione levels (GSH) with clinical/pathological parameters demonstrated a significant negative correlation between pT-stage and GSH level ($r=-0.263^{**}$; p<0.01), C-stage and GSH level ($r=-0.335^{**}$; p<0.01), grade and GSH ($r=-0.329^{**}$; p<0.01) and grade versus redox index ($r=-0.213^{**}$; p<0.01) in HNSCC tissues. Our study suggests that dysregulation of glutathione levels in head and neck cancer has the potential to predict metastasis, and may serve as a prognostic marker.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of a personal computer-based muscle viewer (PC-BMW) compared with that of a portable ultrasound (P-US) for measuring upper trapezius (UT) and transversus abdominis (TrA) muscle thickness at rest and during contraction. Design: Observational inter-rater reliability study. Methods: Fifty-five healthy participants (25 men, 30 women) participated in this study. PC-BMW and P-US were randomly measured at the UT and TrA muscles. Two examiners randomly obtained the images of all participants in 3 test sessions lasting 2 days. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of measurement, contraction ratio, and correlation were used to estimate reliability and validity. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to analyze the relationship between muscle thickness measures taken from PC-BMW and P-US. Results: The intra-rater reliability ICCs of UT and TrA muscle thickness for the PC-BMW were >0.995, indicating excellent reliability. Inter-rater reliability ICCs for the PC-BMW ranged from 0.963 to 0.987. The P-US also exhibited high reliability. A high correlation was found between the measurements of the two muscles in PC-BMW and P-US (p<0.01). Conclusions: PC-BMW provides clear and excellent images, is pocket-sized and less expensive than a conventional ultrasound imaging system. PC-BMW can be utilized variously and has the advantage of rehabilitative ultrasound imaging. More research is needed to evaluate the utility of PC-BMW for rehabilitation.