• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.179-193
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• 1994

모든 설계는 정보가 불완전하고 또 불확실성 하에서 이루어지고 있어 재난을 초래할 수도 있다. 구조물 설계시에도 현행 결정론적인 설계방법은 구조물의 안전정도나 신뢰도를 나타내지 못하고 있다. 설계시 모든 사항들은 신뢰도 해석에 근거해 결정하는 것이 바람직하다. 토질에 있어서는 다른 구조재의 성질보다 불확실성이 더 크기 때문에 더 큰 문제를 내포하고 있어 신뢰도 해석에 의거한 설계방법의 연구가 절실한 형편이다. 주동토압에 관계되는 구조물의 신뢰도 해석이나 설계의 과정을 단순화할 수 있도록 확률변수의 수를 줄여 토질의 기본정수로부터 계산되는 토압을 하나의 확률변수로 간주하고 토압의 변동계수 및 분포형태를 구할 필요가 있다. 모의실험을 사용하여 사질토의 Rankine 주동토압들을 계산, 통계처리하고 중선형회귀법을 통해 기본 토질정수와 토압의 변동계수의 관계를 구할 수 있는 회귀식들을 제시하였고 각 기본 토질정수들이 토압의 변동계수에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며 Pearson system을 이용하여 토압의 분포를 분석한 결과, 기본 토질정수들이 정규분포일 때 토압은 베타분포로 간주해도 무난할 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.42-55
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information for developing effective marketing strategies of nursing organization by identifying the correlation among internal marketing factor, nurses' job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. The subjects of this study were 256 nurses who were working in the hospital over 1 year at three university hospitals which had more than 400 beds in seoul and kyung-gido. The data were collected by self-reporting questionnaires. The instruments used in this study were the communication form scale developed by Jo(1995), the welfare scale developed by researcher, the education training scale developed by researcher, the organizational commitment scale developed by Mowday, Porter and Steers(1979). The data were analysed by the SAS package using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Mean scores of internal marketing factors in nursing organization were as follows; horizontal communication 3.42, downward communication 3.32, involvement communication 3.08, upward communication 3.00, education training 2.54, welfare 2.51. The mean score of job satisfaction was 2.79 and organizational commitment was 3.00. 2. Job satisfaction was positively correlated with education training (r=0.54, p=0.0001), upward communication(r=0.49, p=0.0001). welfare (r=0.40, p=0.0001), horizontal communication(r=0.33, p=0.0001), involvement communication(r=0.25, p=0.0001) of internal marketing factors in nursing organization, but negatively correlated with downward communication(r=-0.16. p=0.0082). Organizational commitment was positively correlated with upward communication(r=0.48, p=0.0001), education training (r=0.42, p=0.0001), horizontal communication(r=0.36, p=0.0001), welfare (r=0.34, p=0.0001), involvement communication(r=0.25, p=0.0001) of internal marketing factors in nursing organization. but negatively correlated with downward communication(r=-0.20, p=0.0014). In conclusion. the results of this study showed that the internal marketing factors were highly correlated with nurses' job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Therefore, for nurses' job satisfaction and organizational commitment's improvement, it is important to develop the education training program. to improve welfare system and to actualize upward communication. among internal marketing factors.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2019

Background and Objectives Voice evaluation is classified into subjective tests such as auditory perception and self-measurement, and objective tests such as acoustic and aerodynamic analysis. When evaluating dysphonia, subjective and objective test results do not always match. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between subjective and objective evaluation in patients with dysphonia and to identify meaningful parameters by disease. Materials and Method The total of 322 patients who visited voice clinic from May 2017 to May 2018 were included in this study. Laryngeal lesions were identified using stroboscopy. Pearson correlation test was performed to analyse correlation between subjective tests including GRBAS scale and voice handicap index, and objective tests including jitter, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio (NHR), cepstral peak prominence (CPP), maximal phonation time (MPT), mean flow rate, and subglottic pressure. Results In vocal nodule and sulcus vocalis, among GRBAS system, grade and breathiness showed good correlation with CPP, and roughness showed good correlation with jitter or shimmer. In unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP), grade and breathiness showed a very good correlation with CPP, and also good correlation with jitter, shimmer, NHR, and MPT. Also asthenia showed good correlation with CPP and MPT. Vocal polyp has a limited association with other diseases. Conclusion In patients with dysphonia, grade and breathiness showed good correlation with CPP, jitter, and shimmer, and reflect the state of voice change well especially in UVCP, CPP, and MPT.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2011

정상인의 골반 정면 영상을 계측하여 성별과 나이에 따라 골반의 형태적 차이가 있는지 알아보고, 나이에 따라 골반의 변위가 발생하는지 남녀 구분하여 분석하였다. 정상인 총 382명(남성 194명, 여성 188명)을 대상으로 골반정면 단순촬영을 시행하여 PACS 영상에서 최대골반너비(MPB), 엉덩뼈너비(SB), 위골반공가로지름(TD), 넙다리뼈머리사이거리(DFH)를 측정하여 골반계측을 시행하였다. 성별에 따른 골반 계측 차이는 평균비교분석, 나이와 계측치의 관계는 상관분석을 하였다. 골반의 변위는 ANOVA test를 시행하였다. 최대골반너비는 성별에 따른 차이는 없었으나, 남성 엉덩뼈너비의 평균은 97.76 mm이었고, 여성은 102.00 mm으로 여성에서 엉덩뼈너비가 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다. 위골반공가로지름의 평균은 남성 138.00 mm, 여성 149.79 mm이었고, 넙다리뼈머리사이거리는 남성 141.94 mm, 여성 150.39 mm로 나타났고, 위골반공가로지름과 넙다리뼈머리사이거리는 여성에서 유의하게 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 나이와 골반계측에서는 넙다리뼈머리 사이거리가 남성(r = -0.280)과 여성(r = -0.207)에서 각각 음의 상관관계가 있었다. 나이에 따른 골반 변위는 남성 50대에서 변위가 크게 나타났고, 여성은 60대, 70대에서 변위가 크게 나타났다. 엉덩뼈너비와 위골반공가로지름, 넙다리뼈머리사이거리는 남성보다 여성에서 더 크게 나타났고, 골반의 크기가 큰 사람은 최대골반너비와 엉덩뼈너비, 위골반공가로지름, 넙다리뼈머리사이거리도 컸다. 나이가 많을수록 변위가 크게 나타났고, 이는 노화의 과정이라고 판단된다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-48
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• 1993

Nowaday, there have a lot of changes in the demands of the aged persons. Their problems also came to the fore with diverse forms under the influences of industrialization, urbanization and nuclear family. To make the matter worse, the aged population is mounting rapidly. Also, such structure as nuclear family is widely disseminating uncomfortable to the aged. People is mainly being guided by self interest above everything else. Indeed, they had, all together, bad effects on our traditional value system regarding 'respect for the aged and devotion to patients'. It seems unfortunately obvious that the family responsibility is gradually weakening to support the old who is a dependent family. The result is that the aged must have suffered all sorts of hardships in lightenning psychological, physical and economical difficulties. First, to grasp the situations and conditions supporting for single aged persons from each view of psychological, emotional, family-relational, healthy, social and economical standpoints, and second, to analyze their own recognition levels thinking of their health conditions and the relationships between the supporting environments of old family dependants and their psychological healths and then finally, to propose suggestions being able to be helpful for living comfortably in an old age and thereby, building up good family relation. The statistical techniques used to analyze 115 respondents living in Puchun city are frequency, $x^2$ test, t-Jest, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficiency and Regression analysis (SPSS package), pertnent to prove the hypothesis suggested in this paper. Of course, it is needless to say that more data are needed on this point. However, several main research findings can be summarized as follows: First, the better single aged persons may be in the habit of eating a meal and the higher they may think of their physical health conditions and movement, the more they want to participate in economic activities to be free from economical dependence upon their children and to overcome lonliness. Second, single aged women appear to have had higher ability to take care their health for themself than single aged men do. It is why signle aged women do not, in general, have big problems to manage their health. But, as shown in this paper, single aged person"s were more liable to the diseases of the aged and, thereby, requiring special medical treatment badly to be healthy. Third. single aged persons revealed potential desires to free themself from socio economic dependence upon their children even in simple labor Job which can draw a monthly salary of about W200, 000. Fourth, they are generally satisfied with their children's filial piety toward them. Nonethless, most of them appear to be reluctantly dependent upon their children and live lonly lives very much. Fifth, they seem to have some hesitation in expressing their candid opinions as that then are some others along with family environmental factors for psychological and emotiona stability. Accordingly, it is safe to conclude by saying that much attention should' be paid no only to socio-economic supports and better medical services for the aged but also to political supports of the society and towards their children for the aged's emotiona support, for improving the quality of their lives in old age and promoting efficiency in suporting for old family dependants.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.372-389
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to select a simple and easy measurable food behavior checklist for the development of Nutrition Quotient (NQ) for children, which reflects children's diet quality, as well as to evaluate the validity of the items in the food behavior checklist. The first 36 items in the checklist were established by an expert review, modifying the preliminary 50 items in the checklist, which had been selected by a literature review and the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. 341 children in 5th and 6th grades at an elementary school participated in a one-day dietary record survey, and later responded to 36 food behavior questions of the checklist. Pearson's correlation coefficients between the responses to the food behavior checklist items along with the mean nutrient intakes of the children were calculated. From the result, in which responses of food frequency and food behavior items showed certain association with the dietary record data, a second checklist with 22 items was selected. A survey was conducted by using the second checklist. 1,393 children in the 5th and 6th grades at 12 elementary schools in metropolitan cities, such as Seoul, Busan, Gwangju, Daegu, Daejeon, and Incheon, participated in the survey. Further, an exploratory factor analysis was performed. After the analysis, 19 items (10 items from food frequency and 9 items from food behavior) were finalized as the food behavior checklist items for the NQ. The final 19 food behavior checklist items were composed of 5 factors: 'Balance', 'Diversity', 'Moderation', 'Regularity', and 'Practice'. This study is a significant first trial to establish a comprehensive system for evaluating children's food habit and diet quality. This checklist might need continuous modification and revision reflecting the change of children's dietary life and the social environment.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2016

Purpose - Although various studies have been conducted on the stress of service employees, there are still lack of studies regarding job stress and job satisfaction of call center workers. Especially there are quite few studies on the job stress according to employment type. This study focused on job stress and job satisfaction for call center employees and the correlation between the two factors and aimed to provide basic materials for seeking for the plans to reduce job stress and improve job satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology - Frequency, percentage, and mean value were calculated through descriptive statistics in order to find out demographic characteristics, level of job stress, and job satisfaction. Differences in job stress according to employment type were calculated by using one-way ANOVA. Correlation between job stress and job satisfaction were identified through empirical analysis with Pearson's correlation coefficient. 150 materials were used for final analysis. The collected materials were analyzed to get statistics by using SPSS 20. Results - First, as for the job stress of call center workers, overall mean value was 2.54 in 4-point scales. Among the six sub-factors, job demands had the highest score, which was 2.67. Second, as for the job stress according to employment type, others showed higher score than mean value followed by contract job and full-time job in that order, in terms of job insecurity and organizational system. In terms of inappropriate remuneration, contract job showed higher score than mean value followed by others and full-time job. Third, as for the satisfaction with job, the mean value was 2.37 in 4-point scale and "very much satisfied" was only 3.3%. Lastly, in terms of job stress and job satisfaction, all sub-factors except for job demands showed significant correlation. The more job stress increased, the more job satisfaction decreased. Conclusions - First, as a result of analyzing job stress according to the employment type of call center workers, job stress increased more when the employment type was not full-time. Therefore, it was assumed that self-rescue efforts should be followed for effective employment management of call center business where contract employment takes most part as well as efforts to transfer them to full-time job. Second, decrease in job satisfaction of call center workers may affect the performance of an organization as well as service quality of the company providing the service. Therefore, various supports are required to decrease job stress and increase job satisfaction for call center workers through the expansion of rest area or break time. Third, I could recognize that there were lack of academic research on call center business in the whole service industry. Therefore, further research should be conducted more actively in the future. In particular, this study has special significance in the aspect that there were few studies on the job stress of call center workers according to employment type.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.674-682
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• 2020

최근 산업화 및 인구과밀화로 인해 대기오염에 대한 문제가 세계적 관심사로 대두되고 있다. 대기 오염은 인간의 건강에 다양한 악영향을 초래할 수 있는데, 그 중 본 연구에서 관심을 둔 천식과 같은 호흡계 질환은 직접적 영향을 받을 수 있다. 기존의 연구에서는 임상 데이터를 활용하여 상대적으로 적은 표본을 기반으로 천식과 같은 질환에 대기 오염 인자가 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 파악하였다. 이는 수집 표본 별 일관성이 없는 결과를 초래할 소지가 다분하며, 의료계 종사자 이외에는 연구의 시도가 어렵다는 점에서 큰 한계를 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 정부에서 공개하는 대기 환경 데이터와 천식 발병 빈도 수에 대한 데이터를 기반으로, 실제 천식 발병 빈도를 예측하는 것에 연구의 주안점을 두었다. 본 연구는 시차를 적용한 피어슨 상관계수를 통해 각 대기오염 인자가 천식 발병에 어느 정도의 시차를 가지고 유의한 영향을 주는지를 검증하였다. 검증결과를 기반으로 구축된 학습데이터는 딥러닝 알고리즘에 활용되며, 천식 발병 빈도의 예측에 최적화 된 모델을 설계하였다. 모델의 평균 대비 오차율은 약 11.86%로 타 머신러닝 기반의 알고리즘 대비 우수한 성능을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 제안한 모델은 국가 보험 체계 및 보건 예산 관리에서의 효율화 및 병원에서의 의료 인력 배치 및 수급에의 효율성 또한 제공할 수 있다. 또한 만성 천식 질환자에 대한 대기 환경별 발병 위험에 대한 조기 경보를 통해 국민 건강 증진에 기여할 수 있다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2018

Purpose - This study is to investigate the relationship among emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and job stress of foreign life insurance consultants focusing on the mediating effect of self-efficacy. Regarding job security, in general foreign life insurance companies in Korea have more severe working conditions in terms of required contract performance. For foreign life insurance consultants, they are assumed to need higher level of emotional intelligence and self efficacy to meet the conditions. In this study, focus is cast on these aspects. Research design, data, and methodology - Basically the research is conducted upon questionnaires responded by foreign life insurance consultants. That is, data are collected from 255 sample of insurance consultants who work for a foreign owned life insurance company. The Questionnaire measure the level of emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and job stress of insurance consultants. The data are analyzed using pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Durbin-Watson test. Results - The general characteristics of respondents are gender, age, marital status, education level, income monthly, career length, change jobs no, working day per week, call no. per week, meeting no. with client per week, contract regularity, contract no. per month and cancellation contract per year. The mean of emotional intelligence is 2.63, self-efficacy is 3.44 and job stress is 2.20. Emotional intelligence is composed with mean value of self emotion appraisal(3.93), other's emotion appraisal(3.78), regulation of emotion(3.29) and use of emotion(3.52). The mean of self efficacy is composed with mean value of self-confidence(3.41), self-regulated efficacy(3.59) and preference task difficulty(3.30). The job stress is composed with mean value of job requirement(2.61), lack of job autonomy(1.99), conflict of personal relations(1.99), job instability(2.38), organizational system(2.19) and inappropriate compensation(2.07). There is a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy. The emotional intelligence and self-efficacy are significantly negative correlation with job stress. The self-efficacy is showed a mediating variable between emotional intelligence and job stress. Conclusions - To decrease job stress level, foreign life insurance company should find the factors to improve the emotional intelligence and self-efficacy of life insurance consultants, and develop appropriate plans using a mediating role of self- efficacy between emotional intelligence and job stress.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.417-425
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• 2006

The purpose of this study were to a) investigate operation of human resource in contract foodservice management company (CFMC), b) identify the staffing indices for the establishment an labor productivity for CFMC, and c) develop standardized model of staffing demand as foodservice's scale in CFMC. The data was collected using FS intra-net system from 138 contract-managed foodservice operations in A CFMC and statistical analysis was completed using the SAS/win package (ver. 8.0) for description analysis, ANOVA, Duncan multiple comparison, pearson correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The types of operation were included factory (45%), small scale operation (26%), office (11%), department store (10%), training institute (4%), and hospital (3%). The distribution of foodservice scale was classified by meal served was as follows; 'less than 500 meals (47%)', 'from 500 to 1500 meals (25%)', 'from 1500 to 2500 meals (17%)', and 'more than 2500 meals (12%)'. There was two types of contract method, fee-contract (53%) and profit-and-loss contract (46%) Some variables were significantly high operation indices such as selling price, food cost, monthly sales, net profit and others were significantly low operation indices such as labor, meal time a day in the small foodservice on meal scale (p<.001). The more foodservice was large, the more human resource was disposed on dietitian, cook, cooking employee altogether (p<.001). Foodservice in A CFMC was divided into 2 groups by 500 meals a day, according to comparative analysis of labor productivity as meal scale per working hour, meal scale a day and operation indices as meal per foodservice employee, meal per cooking employee (p<.001). The regression equation model was developed as 'the number of employees=1.82+0.014 ${\times}$ meal served' in the operation of less than 500 meals, 'the number of employees=9.42+0.013 ${\times}$ meal scale a day -0.94 ${\times}$ meal scale per working hour' in the operation over 500 meal scale using labor productivity indices and operation indices. Therefore, CFMC could be enhanced efficiency of human resource arrangement using the standardized model of staffing demand and would be increased effectiveness of profit.