• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.258-266
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• 2013

We propose adaptive detection algorithm to reduce a false alarm by considering the characteristics of the random noise on the detection system based on a seismic sensor. The proposed algorithm consists of the first step detection using kernel function and the second step detection using detection classes. Kernel function of the first step detection is obtained from the threshold of the Neyman-Pearon decision criterion using the probability density functions varied along the noise from the measured signal. The second step detector consists of 4 step detection class by calculating the occupancy time of the footstep using the first detected samples. In order to verify performance of the proposed algorithm, the detection of the footsteps using measured signal of targets (walking and running) are performed experimentally. The detection results are compared with a fixed threshold detector. The first step detection result has the high detection performance of 95% up to 10m area. Also, the false alarm probability is decreased from 40% to 20% when it is compared with the fixed threshold detector. By applying the detection class(second step detector), it is greatly reduced to less than 4%.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.317-326
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• 2011

QLF-D system composed with DSLR(digital single-lens reflex) camera, and the images of natural enamel caries and artificial caries was developed from 2 days to 14 days captured by QLF-D system. The correlation between lesion depth of the polarized microscope and luminosity ratio of QLF-D image was analyzed and the results were summarized as follows: 1. The Pearson correlation value between the lesion depth of polarized microscope images and luminosity ratio of QLF-D images was 0.969(p<0.01). 2. From Regression analysis of lesion depth from polarized image by demineralized period, the equation was y = 8.67x - 1.16(p<0.05). 3. From Regression analysis of luminosity ratio from QLF-D image by demineralized period, the equation was y = 3.53x + 6.42(p<0.05). From the results, QLF-D system can detect the enamel caries at the very early stage and can monitor the progression of demineralization and remineralization. For the convenient use of QLF-D system in the laboratory, the image analysing software was needed to analyze of interest site of enamel caries lesion.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.72-87
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• 1998

This study examined the rates of spinal abnormal curvature and the correlation of the Body Mass Index (BMI), Low Back Pain (LBP) and spinal curvature by measuring scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis in university students. The study population included 67 male, 92 female university students, making a total of 159, in Wonju City. Spinal curvature was measured by an electrogoniometer in a computerized skeletal analysis system. Lateral curvature of spine of more than 10 degrees was considered as nonspostural scoliosis. The correlation of BMI, LBP and the spinal curvature was analysed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and t-test. The following results were obtained: 1. The overall incidence and rate of scoliosis in cases with a greater than 10 degree curve in males was an incidence of 8 and a rate of 11%. In females the incidence was 36 and the rate 39.2%. 2. The overall incidence and rate of kyphosis of less than 20 degrees in males was a rate of 9 and an incidence of 11.9%. In females, the rate was 5 and the incidence 5.4%. In kyphosis cases of more than 40 degrees, the male rate was 5 and the incidence 7.7%. For female the rate was 13 and the incidence 14.2%. 3. The overall incidence and rate of lordosis with curves of less than 20 degrees was a rate of 6 for males and an incidence of 9.0%. For females, the rate was 5 and the incidence 5.4%. In cases of more than 50 degrees lordosis, the female rate was 2 and the incidence 2.2%. There were no males in this category. 4. There was a negative correlation between kyphosis and BMI. The greater the kyphotic curve, the less the BMI in males (p<0.05). There was no significant BMI difference by gender in either scoliosis or lordosis. There was, however, a significantly decreased sacral angle in the female group with LBP. The results of this study cannot be generalized to the general population because the subjects were all from one university. The measurements were quite reliable because the angles determined by the Metrocom System were highly correlated with radiologic findings. This study shows the need for a regular screening system for spinal curvatures in university health examination procedures.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 2016

This study is to find a service that improves the subjective happiness of cancer patients that receive radiation therapy. One hundred and one cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy were enrolled in the survey to verify the self-consciousness and symptom distress that could affect the subjective happiness. Independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation were conducted with the SPSS 20.0 program. Symptom distress of cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy showed highest in the order of fatigue, appearance changes, dizziness, loss of appetite, and sleep disorders. And lower symptom distress, higher private self-consciousness were significantly correlated with higher subjective happiness among patients receiving radiation therapy for cancer. Study findings reflect the necessity of an integrative approach combining physical, psychological and emotional interventions during a radiotherapy period. For this cause, it would be necessary to supplement previously existing service programs and organize a patient-friendly system that could affiliate regional cancer centers or Public health centers with the hospitals in which the patients are being treated.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.337-353
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• 1999

This study is to provide the basic sources to develop educational data that can establish ethical values with research on the interrelation between moral development and ethical values of nurses. The subjects of this study are the convenience sample from 111 nurses working in clinical settings from 5 general hospitals located in Pusan area. The questionnairs for this study are comprised two parts: Part 1 is SRM-SF(1995) guestionnaire, and translated by Kil, 1m Ju(1997): Part 2 is the guestion papers about the ethical values, and disigned by Jung, Hee Ja. The data were collected from June lth to 31th, 1997 and analyzed by S.A.S(Statistical Analysis System) Package for frequency, percent, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of the study is as the followings: 1) According to the moral development. the nurses are in the levels of Stage3 or Transition3/4, which are generally focused on the personal relations or personality. Thus, nurses are considered to need to get the stage4 of education that helps them recognize a person as a member of society. a family as an unit of society, and human life as the values of human dignity. 2) According to the ethical values, nurses have the positive ethical values of respecting the right of the patients, providing information, keeping the secret, truth. and credit of patients. But they also experience some troubles by the patients to care and the clinical situation. Thus, to overcome the problems, nurses are considered to need to get the education that establishs the right ethical values. 3) The analysis result on the interrelation between moral development level and ethical values shows as r=0.28 and p=0.003. This indicates that the interrelation between them is low. In conclusion, it is considered that the moral development level is viewed broadly from a person and family to a society, and then it can affect to the ethical values positively.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.233-241
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• 2003

Purpose : This comparative study was designed to compare job characteristics and job satisfaction in correctional nurses and hospital nurses. Methods : The participants for this study were 96 nurses (46 correctional nurses, 50 hospital nurses). The survey instruments included Job Diagnostic Survey(JDS) developed by Hackman & Oldman (1980) and amended by Lee(1997) and Index of Work Satisfaction(IWS) developed by Stamps and Piedmonte (1978) and amended Park & Yun (1992). Data were analyzed using of means, percentages, $x^2$ - test, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient with SPSS program. Results : 1) Differences in job characteristics between correctional nurses and hospital nurses were not significant, but the mean score for correctional nurses' skill variety was significantly higher (t=-1.99, p<0.05) than hospital nurses 2) Differences in job satisfaction between two group were not significant, but the mean score for correctional nurses' pay satisfaction was significantly lower (t=-3.67, p<0.01.) than hospital nurses 3) There were significant negative correlations(r=-.544, p<.01) between correctional nurses' job characteristics and job satisfaction related to pay, but significant positive correlations (r=.331, p<.05) between job characteristics and professional status of job 4) There were significant positive correlations (r=.283, p<.05) between hospital nurses' job characteristics and job satisfaction, job characteristics and professional status of job (r=.530, p<.O1), and positive correlations between autonomy of job characteristics and job satisfaction (r=.522, p<.01). Conclusion : The results suggest a redesign of correctional nurses' job and improvement of outcomes. it is also recommended that job be done toward expanding and improving the reward system

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.139-149
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics related to the activity of Daily Living (ADL) and dementia among the elderly people who have Medicaid. The cross-sectional descriptive survey study was a nationwide randomization sampling among the population of elderly families who have Medicaid. The data were collected during the month of October, 1999 and total sample was 1,027 elderly people. There were major findings according to the studies. In the results of the ADL assessment most of elderly people were within the 24 to 45 point range. Also, 63.3% of elderly people who made 45 points do not need help when performing daily activities according to the 15 areas of activity components, and 4.9% of these people couldn't do their daily activities. The results of the Dementia assessment were 70.6% of elderly people were in the normal range, 21.7% have a mild case, and 2.8% have severe case of dementia. These were found by using instruments for mental states, which simplified to items of detection of early dementia. In the result of these tests, there was a significantly positive correlation between ADL and degree of dementia with the pearson correlation coefficients. As a result of these studies, the author recommend to strengthen function and organization of public health like a visiting nurse center for elderly people who are over 65 years old. In addition, the government should apply early detection and management system for dementia in the community continuously and cost-effectively, especially for elderly people who live alone and are vulnerable elderly as our priority.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2016

Objective : We evaluated postoperative outcomes in patients who have lumbar foraminal or extraforaminal disc herniation (FELDH) and suggested the risk factors for poor outcomes. Methods : A total of 234 patients were selected for this study. Pre- and post-operative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Korean version Oswestry Disability Index (KODI) were evaluated and the changes of both score were calculated. Outcome was defined as excellent, good, fair, and poor based on Mcnab classification. The percentage of superior facetectomy was calculated by using the Maro-view 5.4 Picture Archiving Communication System (PACS). Results : Paramedian lumbar discectomy was performed in 180 patients and combined lumbar discectomy was performed in 54 patients. Paramedian lumbar discectomy group showed better outcome compared with combined discectomy group. p value of VAS change was 0.009 and KODI was 0.013. The average percentage of superior facetectomy was 33% (range, 0-79%) and it showed negative correlation with VAS and KODI changes (Pearson coefficient : -0.446 and -0.498, respectively). Excellent or good outcome cases (Group I) were 136 (58.1%) and fair or poor outcome cases (Group II) were 98 (41.9%). The percentage of superior facetectomy was 26.5% at Group I and 42.5% at Group II. There was significant difference in superior facetectomy percentage between Group I and II (p=0.000). Conclusion : This study demonstrated that paramedian lumbar discectomy with preservation of facet joints is an effective and good procedure for FELDH. At least 60% of facet should be preserved for excellent or good outcomes.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.273-281
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• 2017

Objectives: The aims of this study were to quantify tug-back by measuring the pulling force and investigate the correlation of clinical tug-back pulling force with in vitro gutta-percha (GP) cone adaptation score using micro-computed tomography (${\mu}CT$). Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight roots from human single-rooted teeth were divided into 2 groups. In the ProTaper Next (PTN) group, root canals were prepared with PTN, and in the ProFile (PF) group, root canals were prepared using PF (n = 14). The degree of tug-back was scored after selecting taper-matched GP cones. A novel method using a spring balance was designed to quantify the tug-back by measuring the pulling force. The correlation between tug-back scores, pulling force, and percentage of the gutta-percha occupied area (pGPOA) within apical 3 mm was investigated using ${\mu}CT$. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. Results: Specimens with a strong tug-back had a mean pulling force of 1.24 N (range, 0.15-1.70 N). This study showed a positive correlation between tug-back score, pulling force, and pGPOA. However, there was no significant difference in these factors between the PTN and PF groups. Regardless of the groups, pGPOA and pulling force were significantly higher in the specimens with a higher tug-back score (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The degree of subjective tug-back was a definitive determinant for master cone adaptation in the root canal. The use of the tug-back scoring system and pulling force allows the interpretation of subjective tug-back in a more objective and quantitative manner.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.475-483
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to identify stress levels due to end-of-life care, coping strategies, and psychological well-being among nurses in neonatal intensive care unit, and to investigate the effect of stress levels and coping strategies on their well-being. Methods: A total of 128 nurses in the neonatal intensive care units of general hospitals in B city participated. The data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, ANOVA, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression with SPSS version 22.0. Results: The coping strategy that nurses most often used was seeking social support. The factors affecting the well-being of the participants were wishful thinking, problem-focused coping and seeking social support, in order. Those 3 variables explained 21 % of the total variance in psychological well-being. Problem-focused coping and seeking social support were positively associated with psychological well-being, while wishful thinking showed a negative association. Conclusion: In order to improve the psychological well-being of nurses in neonatal intensive care units, it is necessary to provide nurses with a program to build a social support system and to improve their problem-based coping skills.