• 재활간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.61-71
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• 1999

This quasi-experimental study was intended to test the effect of self-help group program, which is one of the way to enhance adaptation and quality of life to mastectomy patients. Data was collected from July 14, 1998 to Oct. 31, 1998 at two Medical Center in Seoul. The subjects for this study were the patients who had undergone mastectomy and were follow-up ; 14 in experimental group and 14 in control group matched with age and treatment. The instruments for this study were adaptation in Lee(1994)'s physical symptom questionnaire, Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS, 1965), and Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS, 1970), quality of life in Spranger(1996)'s and No(1988)'s Quality of Life Questionnaire. The self-help group program for mastectomy patients was developed based on literature review and pilot study by the investigator. The subjects of experimental group were participated in 6 weeks self-help group program and were received arm and shoulder exercise, informational support, and interpersonal support by group members. The control group were received no intervention, Both group answered questionnaires prior to intervention and 6 weeks later. The data analyzed by frequency, $X^2$-test, Mann-Whitney U test. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression using SPSS WIN. The results are as follows ; Hypothesis 1. "The experimental group with the self-help group program will have a higher score on adaptation state than control group." was not supported. But the post test score of anxiety and depression in experimental group were declined and the depression score was reduced relatively. Hypothesis 2. "The experimental group with the self-help group program will have a higher score on quality of life than control group." was not supported. But the posttest score of quality of life in experimental group was reduced relatively. Hypothesis 3. "The higher adaptation state of mastectomy patients, the higher quality, of life." was supported(r=,80, p<.001). Additionally, the lower physical symptom, depression and anxiety, the higher quality of life And depression, which was the main predictor of quality of life, accounted for 59.5%, depression and anxiety accounted for 65.5% of the variance in quality of life. In conclusion, when the self-help group program was intervened to mastectomy patients, it was tended to increase quality of life and to reduce depression and anxiety. So self-help group program can be considered useful nursing inter vention effect on adaptation and quality of life of mastectomy patients. With discussion, I suggest repeated further re search on self-help group with appropriate sample size and longitudinal study. Also during adjuvant therapy, it is needed to develop convenient method to be supported from peer group and family, such as computer mediated support group.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.699-706
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to find out the difference in perceptional fatigue and health promoting behavior between hospital nurses and public health nurses. The subjects of this study were 141 hospital nurses and 73 public health nurses in Daejeon. Data were collected using a self-reporting questionnaire during the period from the 5th to 16th of March 2003. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS program. Real number, percentage, mean and standard deviation were calculated, and $x^2$-test and t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression procedures were carried out. The findings of this study as follows: 1. The mean score of health promoting behavior was 2.71. 2. There were statistically significant differences in health promoting behavior according to age, marital status, family status, residency, educational level, income, the length of work experience and the field of work. (p<0.05) 3. There were statistically significant differences in fatigue according to age, marital status, family status, educational level, income, the length of work experience, perceived health status and the field of work. (p<0.05) 4. The fatigue was found to be in significant negative correlations with health promoting (r=-0.358, p<0.000) and self efficacy (r=-0.314, p<0.000). On the contrary, a significant positive correlation was found between fatigue and perceived barriers (r=0.210, p<00.01). 5. There were five predictors affecting health promoting behavior, which were self-efficacy, income, perceived benefit, fatigue and family support. The most influential factor was self-efficacy that made 31% of prediction, followed by income (6%), perceived benefit (5.2%), fatigue (2.2%) and family support (1.7%) in their order. As a whole, these factors made 46.1% of prediction of health promotion behavior.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.656-667
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• 2005

Purpose: This study examined the mood state, activities of daily living, and attitude toward aging in the elderly according to the existence of a spouse and investigated the relation between these factors. Method: The subjects consisted of 190 elderly people, who were classified into two groups: those with and without a spouse. The data was collected from March to December 2004 using a structured questionnaire that included general characteristics, mood states, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and an attitude toward aging scale. The collected data was analyzed using the program SPSS, including descriptive statistics, $x^2-test$, ANOVA, Scheff's test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Result: 1. There were significant differences between the two groups in mood state (t=-3.349, p=.001), anxiety-depression (t=-3.350, p=.001), and anger (t=p=.003) in the mood state subscales, and in attitude toward aging (t=2.514, p=.013). 2. There was a significant positive correlation between vigor and IADL (r=.253, p=.012) in the elderly with a spouse. 3. When there was a spouse, there was a significant difference according to gender (t=2.587, p=.012) in IADL. Without a spouse, there were significant differences in mood states according to education level (F=3.315, p=.023), in anxiety-depression according to the presence of illness (t=2.156, p=.033), in vigor according to age (F=3.439, p=.020) and education level (F=5.285, p=.002), and in IADL according to monthly income (F=3.322, p=.023) and the presence of illness (t=2.172, p=.032). Conclusion: An individualized approach is needed for elderly people that considers living arrangements and the existence of a spouse.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.700-708
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to test the validity and reliability of the Adolescent Mental Problem Questionnaire (AMPQ) for Korean high school students. Methods: The AMPQ was designed to assess adolescents', mental health status and problem behavior (Ahn, 2006). A methodological study design was used with exploratory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and a fitness of the modified model for validity. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficients and alternative-form method for reliability were used. AMPQ was tested with a sample of 36,313 high school students. The participants consisted of 18,701 males and 17,612 females. Results: Seven factors were extracted through factor analysis: 'Psychiatric problems', 'Delinquency', 'Academic troubles', 'Family problems', 'Hazardous behavior', 'Harmful circumstance', 'Eating problems'. These factors explained 51.1% of the total variance. The fitness of the modified model was good ($X^2$=38,413.76, Goodness of Fit Index [GFI]=.94, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index [AGFI]=.93, Comparative Fit Index [CFI]=.95, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA]=.05), and concurrent validity with Korea-Youth Self-Report [K-YSR] was .63. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the 31 items was .85. Conclusion: The results of present study suggest that the modified AMPQ instrument may be useful for efficiently assessing mental health status and problem behavior in late adolescent, high school students.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2010

Objectives: Compliance of herbal medicine is extremely important in Korean oriental medicine, since herbal medicine is main approach to the most of outpatients in Korean pediatrics. The more compliant to the medication, the more effective care is given to children. Thus, we conducted this research to evaluate the compliance of herbal medicine, and factors associated with compliance in children. Methods: 61 children (men 28, women 33) were participated who visited the Korean Oriental Medicine Department in university hospital for two weeks. We used Morisky's self-reported questionnaire which is consisted of four questions. Also, we checked medical records and researched respondent to acquire more factors. We defined as a "full compliant" if answers were 'No' to all of the questions. We analyzed the compliance and associated factors with Pearson's $x^2$-test and Fisher's exact test, and Spearman correlation coefficient. Compliance and associated factors were analyzed with linear regression. Results: Compliance of herbal medicine was not related to respondent, and 34 children (55.7%) were non-compliant. The best compliant type of herbal medicine was granule medication (p=0.046). However, there was no relationship between compliance and age, sex, sibling, purpose of medication, period of disease, frequency of medication, and medication duration. The age, frequency of medication, medication duration, and purpose of medications(period of disease) had correlation(p<0.01). Also, older children tended to forget to take herbal medicine(p=0.004). Conclusions: Over an half of the total subjects (55.7%) were non-compliant, so we should improve compliance of herbal medicine. Since granule form of medication was shown to have the best compliance, we should try to use granule form of medication instead of liquid medications. Also, we can also improve compliance with giving attention to the patients, especially older children in order to improve their compliance.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.273-281
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for nursing programs to reduce fatigue among middle-aged adults by looking at age group differences. Method: The study used a secondary analysis design and participants were 315 middle-aged adults. The data was analyzed using $x^2$-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The findings revealed significant age group differences in socio-demographic variables for educational level, job, religion, economic status, consumption of cigarettes, experience with disease, satisfaction with spouse and children, and number of children. Scores of fatigue showed a significant difference between age groups. The factors influencing fatigue for subjects in their thirties were depression, level of education and self-efficacy. For those in their forties, factors were stress, depression, and self-efficacy. For those in their fifties, the factor was stress. Conclusion: For people in their thirties, school education or lifelong learning programs are needed to reduce fatigue. A disease prevention program and a family support program for people in their forties and fifties. Nurses need to provide customized nursing programs related to depression, stress and self-efficacy to reduce fatigue among middle-aged adults based on age groups.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5633-5638
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• 2014

Purpose: Our research project aimed at presenting midwifery student self-assessment of performing the role of breast cancer prevention educator. Materials and Methods: Investigations were carried out in 2011 at the Medical University of Lublin in Poland, and Katolieke Hogeschool of Kortrijk in Belgium, after obtaining approval of the ethical committee of Polish Midwives Association (III/EC/2011/PMA). The project involved a total of 155 midwifery students, made up of 95 from Poland, and 60 from Belgium. Relations between opposing characteristics were tested with Chi-square ($x^2$) test for independent traits. To assess the dependence relation between the examined variables Pearson's corrected coefficient was used. Data base and statistics were carried out with computer software STATISTICA 9.0 (StatSoftPoland). Conclusions: Student knowledge on prevention against breast cancer was unsatisfactory. The students place of residence determined their self-estimation of personal knowledge of breast cancer prevention and diagnosing methods to assess the incidence of the disease, this knowledge being better with the students of Lublin. Better self-estimation in the students of Lublin of their personal knowledge on factors rising the risk of breast cancer, such as alimentation method, application of oral contraceptives and breast feeding was found than in Belgian students.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1181-1195
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• 2008

This study based on Sa rye pyun ram(四禮便覽) by Lee Jae which are Chosun Dynasty book about the rules in a wedding ceremony. And the research examine into the understand how to the procedure, the true meanings about korea traditional wedding and general opinion of wedding custom. The instrument is the questionnaires, which is analyzed finally through data processing with 129 of wedding venders. The data analyze by making use of SPSS program were frequency analysis, ANOVA, $x^2$-test, pearson's correlation analysis. The summary of a result is as follows. First, the wedding awareness of wedding venders about Eou hon(議婚) is on a high level but Nab chae(納采) is low. Second, wedding venders are knowing with "Hon suh ji(letter), four season cloth, blue-red satin, shell goods" in a Nab peau(納幣) and with "jujube, beef, chicken, Gu jel pan(accompaniment to a drink), alcohol in a Peau back(幣帛). Third, wedding venders are answered that acceded to "Peau back" and "traditional wedding ceremony' but needed no "gifts & cloths for wedding". Forth, the understanding of wedding procedure (婚禮節次) is on a low, especially Bon ray(本禮).

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1018-1028
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to assess the practical nutrition counseling system by investigating job perception and satisfaction among school nutrition teachers in Kyungbuk area. One hundred and fifty school nutrition teachers were surveyed and 128 answered(85.3%). Data were analyzed by frequency(%), $x^2$-test, and pearson's correlation analyses. Nutrition teachers in elementary schools conducted nutrition counseling more than those in middle schools. In descending order, the reasons for not conducting nutrition education were lack of time, inadequate system for the nutrition counseling, lack of curriculum and lack of facilities. Respondents thought that reduced workload was important to conduct nutrition counseling. However, nutrition counseling should be actively utilized as teachers showed high satisfaction. Therefore, systematic support from related departments combined with effective nutrition counselling methods for nutrition teachers should be continuously provided.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2020

Purpose: This study investigated the position of the hyoid bone and its relationship with airway dimensions in different skeletal malocclusion classes using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT scans of 180 participants were categorized based on the A point-nasion-B point angle into class I, class II, and class III malocclusions. Eight linear and 2 angular hyoid parameters(H-C3, H-EB, H-PNS, H-Me, H-X, H-Y, H-[C3-Me], C3-Me, H-S-Ba, and H-N-S) were measured. A 3-dimensional airway model was designed to measure the minimum cross-sectional area, volume, and total and upper airway length. The mean crosssectional area, morphology, and location of the airway were also evaluated. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and the Pearson correlation test, with P values <0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results: The mean airway volume differed significantly among the malocclusion classes(P<0.05). The smallest and largest volumes were noted in class II (2107.8±844.7 ㎣) and class III (2826.6±2505.3 ㎣), respectively. The means of most hyoid parameters (C3-Me, C3-H, H-Eb, H-Me, H-S-Ba, H-N-S, and H-PNS) differed significantly among the malocclusion classes. In all classes, H-Eb was correlated with the minimum cross-sectional area and airway morphology, and H-PNS was correlated with total airway length. A significant correlation was also noted between H-Y and total airway length in class II and III malocclusions and between H-Y and upper airway length in class I malocclusions. Conclusion: The position of the hyoid bone was associated with airway dimensions and should be considered during orthognathic surgery due to the risk of airway obstruction.