• 농촌계획
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2023

In this study, the effect of orchard expansion, structural improvement, and potential demand of the orchard scale-up project implemented since 2004 to strengthen the competitiveness of orchard farmers was examined. The results of the analysis are summarized as follows. First, looking at the effect of scale-up by checking the standard income data of the Rural Development Administration, it was possible to confirm the effect of scale-up in that the income per unit area increases as the scale increases. Second, through the scale-up project, the effect of structural improvement in transferring the orchards of the aged farm households to the younger farm households was confirmed to be 13 years old on average in the case of a sale business and 16 years old in the case of a lease business. Third, it was found that income increased at a statistically significant level after participating in the orchard scale-up project for major fruit crops such as apples, pears, and peaches. Fourth, it was found that age and cultivated area had a statistical effect on the probability of participating in the orchard scale-up project for farmers who did not participate in the project. The potential business demand using the estimated results was found to be between 25,203 and 37,089.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.35-35
• /
• 2022

Pears (Pyrus spp.) have been grown worldwide as a kind of important economical fruits. Over 1,500 accessions collected from countries have been preserved in National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration in Korea. However, redundancies and misidentification are happening in the germplasm preservation due to same cultivars which have different names in various localities (synonyms) and different cultivars which have same names (homonyms). That can lower germplasm management efficiency. The object of this study is to identify synonyms and homonyms in pear germplasms by analyzing genetic variation with four microsatellite markers: CH03d12, CH03g07, CH02b10, and EMPc117. PCR amplification with above 4 microsatellite markers was done for the 31 pear accessions, and the products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. As a result, 7 synonyms and 9 homonyms were identified among 31 pear accessions. We'll compare these genotypes with phenotypes of each pear accessions, and reduces the redundancy and misidentification in pear germplasm collection for the reliable management.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제51권4호
• /
• pp.447-460
• /
• 2023

식물병원 세균 Erwinia amylovora 의해 발생하는 과수화상병은 사과, 배 등 장미과에 속하는 식물에 심한 피해를 주고 있다. 병의 빠른 확산을 막기 위해 국내에서는 병이 발생한 사과나무와 배나무에 대해 매몰하는 병관리를 실시해 왔다. 방제방법의 안전성을 입증하기 위해 매몰한 이병식물과 이병식물 주변의 토양을 조사하였다. 매몰토양 미생물군 조사과정에서 Bisifusarium allantoides, Botryotrichum Domesticum, Microascus verrucosus, Paraphoma pye, Phaeosphaeria culmorum, Ramophialophora globispora, Sordaria tomentoalba, Striaticonidium brachysporum 등이 국내 미기록종으로 확인되었다. 이에 이들 8종 진균에 대한 형태학적, 분자유전학적 특성을 보고한다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.539-547
• /
• 2023

This study evaluated the impact of rain shelters made of plastic film on spring frost damage and fruit quality in Asian pears ('Niitaka') over two years. In 2021, during the coldest spring days (between 0:00 am and 7:00 am), temperatures dropped to -1.20 - 0.43℃ at 120 cm and -1.33 - 0.57℃ at 200 cm above ground level in the control. Conversely, the rain shelter treatment maintained higher temperatures, -0.40 - 0.87℃ at 120 cm and -0.43 - 0.77℃ at 200 cm. Flower damage was significantly lower in the rain-sheltered group, with incidences of 1.3 and 6.9% at 120 and 200 cm, respectively, compared with 18.1 and 22.6% in the control group. Visual observations verified the prevention of frost adhesion on flower organs in the sheltered group, compared with noticeable pistil death and petal browning in the control group. In 2022, when temperatures remained above 0℃, fruitlet stalk length was 5 - 6 mm longer in the sheltered group. The cumulative impact of rain shelters was evident in the improved fruit quality over the two years. This study suggests resilient cultivation strategies in the face of climate change to reduce frost damage, increase productivity, improve fruit quality, and potentially increase incomes of the farmers.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.248-254
• /
• 2006

Pear black necrotic leaf spot (PBNLS) on pear trees (Pyrus pyrifolia) is caused by a Korean isolate of Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV-K). Yellow spots were detected in Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) and Chenopodium quinoa which were grown near the diseased pears in year 2000 through 2003. The ASGV-K, the causative agent of PBNLS, was detected from the symptoms of the diseased kidney bean plant and C. quinoa. ASGV-harboring fungi were also isolated from symptomatic plants and from soils surrounding the infected plants. The ASGV-harboring fungus was identified and characterized as Talaromyces flavus. Ecopathological studies showed that the number of ASGV-harboring fungi on the pear leaves was not correlated with differences in temperature or severity of symptoms. Additionally, there was no difference in fungus frequency among the orchard locations or different host plants. Although the frequency of fungi isolated from the soil was not affected by changes in temperature or location, the fungi occurred at higher densities in the rhizosphere than in the plants themselves.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.341-343
• /
• 1999

기기적인 분석 방법과 관능검사에 의해 '신고' 배 과실의 품질을 조사하여 저장력 판정의 기준을 정하고자 하였다. 상온저장고 및 $2^{\circ}C$ 저온저장고에 저장한 과실을 주요 품질 요인인 당함량과 경도에 따라 구분한 후 각각의 요인에 따른 식미인지도를 조사하였다. 저장 방식별 저장 가능기간은 식미인지도에 근거한 당함량과 경도의 변화 정도를 조사하여 설정하였다. 수확 60일 후 '신고' 배 과실을 이용하여 식미인지도를 조사한 결과, 경도의 경우 $3.3kg/8mm{\emptyset}$ 이상을 보이는 과실이 적정 식미를 보이는 것으로 평가되었고 당함량의 경우에는 13.0% 이상일 때 식미에 적합한 수준으로 평가되었다. 그러나 당함량은 저장중 지속적인 증가 경향을 보임으로써 저장기간 설정의 기준으로는 부적합한 요인으로 판정되었다. 과실의 경도를 기준으로 볼 때, 적정 식미를 유지하는 '신고' 배의 저장가능 기간은 상온저장이 30일, $2^{\circ}C$에서의 저온 저장은 120일 정도인 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식물학회 1995년도 제9회 식물생명공학 심포지움 식물육종과 분자생물학의 만남 The 9th Plant Biotechnology Symposium -Breeding and Molecular Biology-
• /
• pp.133-170
• /
• 1995

The major objectives of fruit breeding lie in improvement of cultivar, easy to be cultivated and of high quality, in order to produce unexpensive, delicious fruit both for fresh fruit market and processing. Recently, fruit breeding in Korea has contributed to breeding of several superior cultivars in major fruit crops, resulting in appreciable improvement in qualities such as skin color, taste and fruit-bearing habit concerned with productivity. In spite of accomplishments mentioned above, the need for both highly disease-resistant cultivars and long-keeping, physiological disorder-resistant cultivars to meet long distance transsportation in the temperate fruit crops of apples, oriental pears, stone fruits such as peaches, and grapes grown in Korea is rapidly pressing more than ever, as cultivars of today susceptible to pests and diseases and vulnerable to physiological disorders are very expensive and time-consuming in post-harvest handling and management. Thus, imporvements made in the above problems through breeding level will lead to the really enhanced productivity in fruit industry. The major impediments of tree size, the long length of juvenile period and the highly heterogeneous genetic composition to the improvement of fruit crops are responsible for the lower amount and rate of improvements of fruit crops as compared to annuals. Considering the expected limitations of the above problems to be solved through conventional breeding methods and strategy, a turning point of breeding a near perfect cultivar would be laid down if innovative breakthroughs in biological technology will be realized in applying some of the techniques of genetic manipulation at the molecular level to the cultivar improvement of fruit crops, such as the selective insertion of DNA carrying genes that govern desirable characteristics. More than anything else, those traits such as fruiting habit deciding productivity, elements of fruit qualities conditioned by monogene, and disease-and pest-resistance of vital importance for successful fruit growing are urgently desired to be improved by advancement of biotechnology for they are more than difficult and need long period to be attained through conventional breeding method.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.336-341
• /
• 2014

국내에서 생산되는 과일 중 농약의 잔류특성과 인체에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 2010년 사과, 복숭아, 배, 포도, 감귤에 대한 농약잔류 모니터링을 수행한 후 잔류농약의 검출량과 위해성지수를 이용하여 안전성을 평가하였다. 시료는 2-5지역의 주산단지에서 채취하였으며, 시료 중 잔류농약을 LC/MS/MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 사과의 경우 acetamiprid 등 18종의 농약성분이 검출되었고 총 위해지수가 0.55로 위해우려 수준은 아니었으나 조사한 과일 중 가장 높았다. 감귤의 경우는 carbendazim 등 17종의 농약성분이 검출되었으며, 위해지수는 0.37이었다. 복숭아, 포도 및 배는 각각 12, 10, 8종의 농약이 검출되었으나 위해지수는 0.066, 0.025, 0.008로 낮은 것으로 평가되었다. 따라서 국내에서 생산되는 사과, 복숭아, 배, 포도, 감귤 중의 잔류농약에 의한 위해성은 낮은 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.15-28
• /
• 2018

Objectives : This study first acknowledges that cough, which is a light symptom, can act as a link that leads to more serious disease. With this acknowledgement, the study ponders upon how the people of the past, before the introduction of western medicine, attempted to cure the first sign of cough and how to stop it from developing. Methods : China's Eumsunjungyo and Sikgamboncho, and Chosun's Singnyochanyo and Donguibogam are used mainly to analyze the food cure that were used in relation to sea water, and to discover what types of ingredients and preparation forms were used, how they were taken, what types of food cure there were, and how they were used. Results : There was no ingredient used commonly in all of the four literatures. Eumsunjungyo utilized ingredients related to lamb. Singnyochanyo and Donguibogam were both used in Chosun, but some similarities with the Chinese literatures were discovered in terms of food cure since they were put together with their Chinese counterparts as references. Ingredients that were used commonly in two or more of the literatures were ginger, taoren, xingren, honey, pear, liyu, and pig lung. Conclusions : Some staple folk remedies that later becamce cultural cuisines included drinking the water from boiling pear and honey and boiling and eating pears with peppers stuck in them. The eating of ginger together with korean traditional taffy have taken its own form and became saenggang jeonggwa and pyeongang. The oriental food cure method has been continuing among the folk people in the form of traditional food with the food philosophy of edible homologous as its basis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.217-228
• /
• 2016

The musculoskeletal system is mainly composed of the bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments, in addition to nerves and blood vessels. The greatest difficulty in an ultrasonographic freeze-frame created by the examiner is recognition of the targeted structures without indicators, since an elephant's trunk may not be easily distinguished from its leg. It is not difficult to find descriptive ultrasonographic terms used for educational purposes, which help in distinguishing features of these structures either in a normal or abnormal anatomic condition. However, the terms sometimes create confusion when describing common objects, for example, in Western countries, pears have a triangular shape, but in Asia they are round. Skilled experts in musculoskeletal ultrasound have tried to express certain distinguishing features of anatomic landmarks using terms taken from everyday objects which may be reminiscent of that particular feature. This pictorial review introduces known signature patterns of distinguishing features in musculoskeletal ultrasound in a normal or abnormal condition, and may stir the beginners' interest to play a treasure-hunt game among unfamiliar images within a boundless ocean.