• Title/Summary/Keyword: Peanut

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Determination of Fatty Acid Composition in Peanut Seed by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

  • Lee, Jeong Min;Pae, Suk-Bok;Choung, Myoung-Gun;Lee, Myoung-Hee;Kim, Sung-Up;Oh, Eun-young;Oh, Ki-Won;Jung, Chan-Sik;Oh, In Seok
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.61 no.1
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    • pp.64-69
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to develop a fast and efficient screening method to determine the quantity of fatty acid in peanut oil for high oleate breeding program. A total of 329 peanut samples were used in this study, 227 of which were considered in the calibration equation development and 102 were utilized for validation, using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). The NIRS equations for all the seven fatty acids had low standard error of calibration (SEC) values, while high R2 values of 0.983 and 0.991 were obtained for oleic and linoleic acids, respectively in the calibration equation. Furthermore, the predicted means of the two main fatty acids in the calibration equation were very similar to the means based on gas chromatography (GC) analysis, ranging from 36.7 to 77.1% for oleic acid and 7.1 to 42.7% for linoleic acid. Based on the standard error of prediction (SEP), bias values, and $R^2$ statistics, the NIRS fatty acid equations were accurately predicted the concentrations of oleic and linoleic acids of the validation sample set. These results suggest that NIRS equations of oleic and linoleic acid can be used as a rapid mass screening method for fatty acid content analysis in peanut breeding program.

Virulence differentiation of bean common mosaic potyvirus in leguminosae crops

  • Park, H.S.;T.S.Jin;Park, J.W.;Lee, S.H.;J.U.Cheon;Park, J.K.;Y.Takanami
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.141.1-141
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    • 2003
  • Forty six isolates of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) collected from azuki bean, mungbean, kidney bean, cowpea, broad bean and peanut were classified into three groups based on biological, serological, cytopathological, and molecular characteristics. Group I induced vein-banding symptoms in cowpea which was similar to those produced by the BCMV-cowpea strain. Group II caused mosaic symptoms in azuki bean but not in peanut and tobacco. Since this character was different from that of previously described BCMV strain, group II may not belong to BCMV GroupIII induced vein-clearing symptoms in azuki bean, kidney bean and peanut, which are typical symptoms for BCMV-peanut stripe virus strain. Virus inclusion patterns of BCMV groups were similar to those of Potyvirus subdivision III with the scroll, pinwheel and long laminated inclusions. However, the inclusions of laminated aggregates were never observed in mungbean isolates. Multiple alignment as well as cluster dendrograms of 3'noncoding region (3'-NCR) and a part of coat protein gene (CP) suggested that group I belongs to the BCMV-cowpea strain, group II to the BCMV-azuki bean strain, and group III to the BCMV-peanut stripe virus strain. Since molecular phylogenesis of BCMV based on nucleotides of 3'-NCR and coat protein differed from the grouping based on virulence differentiation, and BCMV groups are more closely related to each other with the same host origin, other characteristics of those strains are under investigation.

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Effects of Seed Size and Cotyledon Removal on Germination and Yields in Peanuts (땅콩 종실의 크기와 자엽절단정도가 발아 및 수량에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jung-Il;Park, Hee-Woon;Han, Eui-Dong
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.245-251
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    • 1985
  • Distributions of seed weight were investigated with different seed sized peanut varieties planted at the same time, and germination and field emergence percentage, growth, and seed yield were compared among three seed sizes of four peanut genotypes. Field performance also was carried out to evaluate the effects of cotyledon removal on growth and yields in field with large and small seed-sized peanut varieties. The variation of seed weight of large seed-sized was wider than small seed-sized peanut variety. The larger seed showed the higher percent germination after 3 days cold treatment in laboratary and field emergence. The growth was not different with their sizes, while seed yield was related to seed size in small seed-sized genotypes. The growth of peanut such as main stem, internodes, and total branches was affected significantly by cotyledon removal, although the differences were not obvious after podding time, and in small seed-sized variety Oltangkong, the yields was decreased by cotyledon removal but not in large seed-sized variety.

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First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum sojae on Peanut in Korea (Colletotrichum sojae에 의한 땅콩 탄저병 발생 보고)

  • Shinhwa Kim;Soo Yeon Choi;Hyunjung Chung;Nak Jung Choi;Bo Yoon Seo;Sang-Min Kim
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.52 no.1
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    • pp.55-60
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    • 2024
  • In August 2023, leaf spot disease was observed in peanuts in Cheongju-si, Korea. Leaf spots occurred at the leaf margins and the lesions gradually expanded. Diseased leaf areas were light or dark brown and irregular in shape. A fungal isolate was obtained from symptomatic leaf and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium at 25℃. An isolate was identified as Colletotrichum sojae based on morphological characteristics and sequences of the internal transcribed spacers, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, chitin synthase-1, actin, and 𝛽-tubulin genes. Pathogenicity tests were performed on peanut seedlings in a conidial suspension (1×106 conidia/mL). Lesions were observed on the peanut leaf 5 d after inoculation. The pathogen was re-isolated from the lesions of the inoculated leaves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of anthracnose on peanut caused by C. sojae in Korea.

Evaluation of Anti-wrinkle Effect of Peanut Shell Extract and Stability of the Extract in Cosmetic Products (땅콩 겉껍질 추출물의 주름개선 효능 및 화장품 제형에서 추출물의 안정성 평가)

  • Narae Han;Jin Young Lee;Mihyang Kim;Eun Young Choi;Bong-Jeun An;Yu-Young Lee;Moon Seok Kang;Hyun-Joo Kim
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.49 no.3
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    • pp.203-212
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    • 2023
  • This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of peanut shell, a by-product of peanut, as a functional cosmetic ingredient. Peanut shell extract showed high antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 75.00, 46.33, and 472.83 ㎍/mL for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and SOD-like activity, respectively. Furthermore, peanut shell extract was efficiently decreased the MMP-1 and MMP-3 protein level in the UVB treated-HaCaT cell and maintained procollagen protein level similar to normal control. Similar to anti-wrinkle related protein expression assay, the IC50 value of elastase and collagnease inhibition in peanut shell extract was lower as 0.30 and 0.09 mg/mL, respectively, than that of the positive control. Additionally, eriodictyol and luteolin, which are isolated from peanut shell extract, showed 53.8 and 98.0% elastase inhibition rate, respectively, and 60.1 and 72.5% collagenase inhibition rate, respectively, at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. Thus, luteolin was assumed to be the effective ingredient for wrinkle inhibition in peanut shell extract. As a result of stability evaluation of lotion and cream formulations containing peanut shell extract, it was confirmed to be a stable formulation with no significant changes. Therefore, it is considered that peanut shell extract can be applied as a cosmetic ingredient for wrinkle inhibition.

Comparative Study of Fatty Acid Composition and Characterization of Fixed Oil of Four Peanut Varieties Available in Pakistan

  • Akhtar, Hifza;Hamid, Shahnaz;Khan, Javed Iqbal
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.225-228
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    • 2005
  • four varieties of ground nut (Arechis hypogea) were collected from different areas of Pakistan (Tillagang, Gujar khan, Hanoi and Pipplan) from Punjab province. The oils were extracted for the evaluation of lipid. Physico-chemical values of oils were determined like refractive index, peroxide value, unsaponifiable matter, acid value, iodine value, free fatty acid and ester value. The lipid profile as indicated by GLC showed that Palmitic acid ranged from 8.2-8.8%, proportions of oleic acid and linoleic acid varied from 57.8-59.87% and 22.5-24.1% respectively. Gujar khan variety of peanut has higher % age of oil (56.79). The higher yield of oil in this variety is not at the cost of any nutritional quality of peanut oil.

Effect of Lactic-Fermentation on the n-Hexanal Content of Peanut Milk (젖산발효가 땅콩유(乳)의 n-Hexanal 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Chan
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.146-149
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    • 2013
  • This study was performed to identify the effect of lactic-fermentation of peanut milk on n-hexanal content. Changes in viable cell populations, pH and titratable acidity indicated that there was a synergistic interaction between Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus during fermentation. The analysis of headspace volatiles revealed that n-hexanal nearly disappeared due to fermentation. S. salivarius subsp. thermophilus was more effective than L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in reducing the n-hexanal content.

Identification and Characterization of Phytochemicals from Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Pods

  • Lee, Jin-Hwan;Baek, In-Youl;Ha, Tae-Joung;Choung, Myoung-Gun;Ko, Jong-Min;Oh, Sea-Kwan;Kim, Hyun-Tae;Ryu, Hyung-Won;Park, Keum-Yong;Park, Ki-Hun
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.475-482
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    • 2008
  • Methanol extracts of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pods were chromatographed, which yielded 3 phytochemicals 1-3 including 5,7-dihydroxychromone (1), eriodictyol (2), and 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone (3). To confirm the presence of isolated phytochemicals, the pods extracts were performed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) and a mass spectrometric detector (MSD) with electrospray ionization (ESI). Optimum extraction conditions for phytochemical contents using peanut germplasm were obtained by employing 90% MeOH for 12 hr at room temperature and phytochemicals 1-3 showed significant differences with concentrations of $407.56{\pm}23.35$, $52.92{\pm}5.11$, and $2,024.34{\pm}134.18\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively. Under this optimal conditions, the contents of phytochemicals 1-3 in peanut pods of 3 Korea cultivars including 'Jakwang', 'Daekwang', and 'Palkwang' exhibited phytochemical 3 was the highest range of $1,338.01-5,162.93\;{\mu}g/g$, followed by phytochemical 1 ($590.13-1,382.10\;{\mu}g/g$), and phytochemical 2 ($25.12-186.85\;{\mu}g/g$), respectively. Moreover, 'Jakwang' exhibited the highest contents of phytochemical (1: $1,362.10{\pm}52.49$, 2: $186.85{\pm}17.69$, and 3: $5,162.93{\pm}148.64\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively), whereas the lowest contents was found in the 'Daekwang' (1: $590.13{\pm}22.23$, 2: $25.12{\pm}2.45$, and 3: $1,338.01{\pm}62.17\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively). These results suggest that the methanol extracts of peanut pods may possess health related benefits to humans owing to various known biological activities of phytochemicals 1-3.

Screening Method for Excessive Water Tolerance at Germinating Stage of Peanut (땅콩 발아기의 내습성 검정 방법)

  • Pae, Suk-Bok;Hwang, Chung-Dong;Lee, Myoung-Hee;Kim, Sung-Up;Oh, Ki-Won;Lee, Byung-Kyu;Baek, In-Youl
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.58 no.4
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    • pp.439-442
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    • 2013
  • This study was conducted to develop the testing method for excessive water tolerance at germinating stage and to screen 31 domestic peanut cultivars. Regardless of peanut grain scales, the amount of seed absorption nearly reached the peak in 10 hours after imbibition. When peanut seed in vermiculate soil was directly soaked in water, ability of emergence did not reduced until 16 days and then sharply reduce to 25 days with non-emergence. When seeds germinated for 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after seeding (DAS) were soaked, the emergence abilities were distinctively varied according to the sequent soaking days such as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. This explained the negative relationship between first germinating days (DAS) and following soaking days. Using the method of 2 day germinating and 3 day soaking that show less than 70% of emergence ability, 31 peanut cultivars were applied to test excessive water tolerance. Emergence rates varied 0% to 69% according to cultivar. Cultivar Daekwang, Sinkwang, Daecheong and Baekseon had over 50% emergence rates. These results suggested that the degree of water resistance in germinating stage may be important point to evaluate the excessive water resistance among cultivars.

A study on Suppression Condition of Lateral Root Development for Healthy Production of Peanut Sprouts (땅콩나물 생산에서 세근발생 억제 조건에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Gyu-Bin;Park, Eun-Ji;Heo, You;Son, Beong-Gu;Kang, Jum-Soon
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.177-183
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    • 2016
  • The present study was conducted to establish the suppression condition of lateral root development for producing high-quality peanut sprouts. The result of Chamsiru or 6BA treatment on peanut sprouts 'Jopyeong' and 'Vietnam' showed that the higher concentration of the solutions showed the better effect for suppressing lateral root development, regardless of the kinds of lateral root inhibitor. Compared to Chamsiru, 6BA showed better effect for suppressing lateral root development, and the effect was more obvious for 'Jopyeong' than 'Vietnam'. The alternant irrigation of Chamsiru and 6BA solution could produce high-quality peanut sprouts by inhibiting bacteria activity in solution and promoting of hypocotyl and root growth, while suppressing the lateral root development. The treatment of mixture solution of $GA_3$ and Chamsiru improved the overall growth of peanut sprouts, and the effect was the highest in the treatment of '$GA_3\;50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ + Chamsiru $8.40mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$'.