• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 1999

본 연구의 목적은 한반도 남부 지역에서의 지진동 감쇄식을 개발하는 것이다 활용가능한 계기 지진 자료로부터 지진원 및 지반 매질의 특성을 추정하고 그 값을 입력 요소로써 사용하였다 확률진동이론에 의하여 최대 지반가속도 및 의사 속도 응답스펙트럼을 모사하여 이로부터 최대지반 가속도 및 의사 속도 응답스펙트럼에 대한 감쇄식을 지역규모 및 진원거리의 함수로 개발하였다

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2022

This study proposes an intelligent semi-active isolation system combining a variable-stiffness control device and ground motion characteristic prediction. To determine the optimal control parameter in real-time, a genetic algorithm (GA)-fuzzy control law was developed in this study. Data on various types of ground motions were collected, and the ground motion characteristics were quantified to derive a near-fault (NF) characteristic ratio by employing an on-site earthquake early warning system. On the basis of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and the derived NF ratio, a fuzzy inference system (FIS) was developed. The control parameters were optimized using a GA. To support continuity under near-fault and far-field ground motions, the optimal control parameter was linked with the predicted PGA and NF ratio through the FIS. The GA-fuzzy law was then compared with other control laws to verify its effectiveness. The results revealed that the GA-fuzzy control law could reliably predict different ground motion characteristics for real-time control because of the high sensitivity of its control parameter to the ground motion characteristics. Even under near-fault and far-field ground motions, the GA-fuzzy control law outperformed the FPEEA control law in terms of controlling the isolation layer displacement and the superstructure acceleration.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.595-603
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• 2018

Shake table testing has been regarded as one of the most effective experimental approaches to evaluate seismic response of structural systems subjected to earthquakes. However, reproducing a prescribed acceleration time history precisely over the frequency of interest is challenging because shake table test systems are eventually nonlinear by nature. In addition, interaction between the table and specimen could affect the control accuracy of shake table testing significantly. Various novel control algorithms have been proposed to improve the control accuracy of shake table testing; however, reference values for control performance assessment remain rare. In this study, reference values for control performance assessment of shake table testing are specified based on the statistical analyses of 1,209 experimental data provided by the Seismic Simulator Laboratory of National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering in Taiwan. Three individual reference values are considered for the assessment including the root-mean-square error of the achieved acceleration time history; the percentage of the spectral acceleration that exceeds the determined tolerance range over the frequency of interest; and the error-ratio of the achieved peak ground acceleration. Quartiles of the real experimental data in terms of the three objective variables are obtained, providing users with solid and simple references to evaluate the control performance of shake table testing. Finally, a set of experimental data of a newly developed control framework implementation for uni-axial shake tables are used as an application example to demonstrate the significant improvement of control accuracy according to the reference values provided in this study.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1069-1089
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• 2015

This paper presents average numerical results of 2128 nonlinear dynamic finite element (FE) analyses of lightweight acceleration-sensitive non-structural components (NSCs) attached to the floors of one-bay three-storey reinforced concrete (RC) primary structures (P-structures) with different eccentricity ratios. The investigated parameters include the NSC to P-structure vibration period ratio, peak ground acceleration, P-structure eccentricity ratio, and NSC damping ratio. Appropriate constitutive relationships were used to model the behaviour of the RC P-structures. The NSCs were modelled as vertical cantilevers fixed at their bases with masses on the free ends and varying lengths so as to match the vibration periods of the P-structures. Full dynamic interaction was considered between the NSCs and P-structures. A set of seven natural bi-directional ground motions were used to evaluate the seismic response of the NSCs. The numerical results show that the acceleration response of the NSCs depends on the investigated parameters. The accelerations of the NSCs attached to the flexible sides of the P-structures increased with the increase in peak ground acceleration and P-structure eccentricity ratio but decreased with the increase in NSC damping ratio. Comparison between the FE results and Eurocode 8 (EC8) predictions suggests that, under tuned conditions, EC8 provisions underestimate the seismic response of the NSCs mounted on the flexible sides of the plan-irregular RC P-structures.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.369-380
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• 2017

The effects of the vertical component of a ground motion on the earthquake performances of semi-ductile high-rise R/C structures were investigated in the present study. Linear and non-linear time-history analyses were conducted on an existing in-service R/C building for the loading scenarios including and excluding the vertical component of the ground motion. The ratio of the vertical peak acceleration to the horizontal peak acceleration (V/H) of the ground motion was adopted as the main parameter of the study. Three different near-source earthquake records with varying V/H ratio were used in the analyses. The linear time-history analyses indicated that the incorporation of the vertical component of a ground motion into analyses greatly influences the vertical deflections of a structure and the overturning moments at its base. The lateral deflections, the angles of rotation and the base shear forces were influenced to a lesser extent. Considering the key indicators of vertical deflection and overturning moments determined from the linear time-history analysis, the non-linear analyses revealed that the changes in the forces and deformations of the structure with the inclusion of the vertical ground motion are resisted by the shear-walls. The performances and damage states of the beams were not affected by the vertical ground motion. The vertical ground motion component of earthquakes is markedly concluded to be considered for design and damage estimation of the vertical load-bearing elements of the shear-walls and columns.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.487-494
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• 2005

In this study, a set of artificial earthquake time histories, which can be used for the earthquake-resistant design of seismically isolated highway bridges, was presented. In addition, adequateness of the generated ground accelerations was investigated. These were performed based on the seismic design standard for seismically isolated bridges. Total of 22 acceleration time histories were generated for each soil condition by the spectral method. The time histories were verified to meet the code provisions including (1) mean response spectrum at control frequencies, (2) EPGA (effective peak ground acceleration), and (3) correlation coefficient. Finally, the maximum response corresponding to four time histories and the mean response associated with seven time histories were computed using the generated acceleration time histories, which shows validity of the proposed artificial earthquake time histories.

• 지질공학
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.143-155
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 지진 모사실험을 진행하는 1 g 진동대 실험에 올라가는 연성토조(Laminar Shear Box, LSB)라고 하는 토조의 경계조건(Boundary effect)을 달리하여 다른 조건에 따른 응답가속도 증폭에 대한 분석하였다. LSB의 양 옆을 고정하여 경계조건을 달리하여 실험을 진행하였고, 가속도계를 각 동일한 위치에 설치하여 2가지 시료에 대하여 실험을 진행하였다. 또한, DEEPSOIL v7 프로그램을 이용하여 1차원 지반응답해석을 통하여 자유장 조건에서와 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 가속도가 하층부에서 상층부로 올라갈수록 증폭하는 모습을 확인할 수 있었고, 지반응답해석과 비교한 결과, 자유장 조건에서 해석과 비슷하게 나오는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. SA분석결과, 지반응답해석과 유사한 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 고정한 경우는 PSA가 더욱 증폭하는 결과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 지질공학
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.339-348
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• 2010

국내 해안 지역에 위치한 3곳의 천연가스 인수기지의 향후 발생 지진에 대한 대책 수립의 일환으로 기지 영역 내 자유장 부지들 4개소와 저장 탱크 지지 기초 말뚝 1개에 대한 지진 가속도 계측 시스템을 구축하였다. 천연가스 인수기지에서의 계측 시스템의 성공적 설치와 운영을 위하여 특별히 몇 가지 부가 장치들이 고안 적용되었다. 계측된 자료로부터 산출되는 최대지반가속도 기반 의사 결정이 가능한 종합적 지진경보 소프트웨어 시스템을 개별 기지 영역 뿐만 아니라 중앙관리 부서에서의 지진 신속 대응 목적으로 개발하였다. 또한, 전국 최대지반가속도 자료 연계 프레임을 중앙 통합 지진경보 시스템 내에 탑재하여 다양한 향후 확대 활용이 가능토록 구현하였다. 이 연구에서 개발한 천연가스 인수기지에 대한 가속도 계측 기반의 지진경보 시스템은 지반 조건 변화가 심할 수 있는 해안 지역의 시설 영역에 대한 프레임으로 매우 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2024

국민안전처는 내진설계기준 개정을 위한 연구를 시행하였으며, 표준설계응답스펙트럼에 대해서 연구를 수행하여 2017년 내진설계기준 공통적용 사항을 제정하였고, 이는 현재 국토교통부의 국가설계기준에도 반영되어 실무에 사용되고 있다. 다만, 2017년 기준 개정 시 표준설계응답스펙트럼 제안을 위한 연구는 2016년 경주 지진과 2017년 포항 지진 이전에 수행되어, 최근 발생한 국내 중규모 이상 지진인 두 지진기록이 연구에 사용되지 않았다. 이들을 고려하기 위해 본 연구에서는 2016년 경주 지진기록과 2017년 포항 지진기록을 기반암의 표준설계스펙트럼에 상응하도록 수정하여 지반응답해석을 수행하였으며, 수행결과로부터 같은 지반분류 내에서도 지표면 최대응답가속도(PGA)가 상이함을 알 수 있었고, 이로 인하여 지진하중이 과대 또는 과소하게 산출될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 지반분류에 따른 지반증폭에 의한 PGA 결정시 불확실성이 존재할 수 있으며, 이러한 불확실성은 결정된 PGA가 실제 발생 값과 다른 값을 가지게 할 가능성 유발한다. 추후 연구에서는 PGA크기에 영향을 주는 여러 영향 요소들 중 현행 지반 분류에서 사용되는 조합(기반암 깊이-속도) 이외에도 영향 요소들의 다양한 조합에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.435-448
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• 2018

In order to make reliable earthquake-resistant design of civil engineering structures, one of the most important considerations in a region with high seismicity is to pay attention to the local soil condition of regions. It is aimed in the current study at specifying dynamic soil characteristics of Kirikkale city center conducting the 1-D equivalent linear and non-linear site response analyses. Due to high vulnerability and seismicity of the city center of Kirikkale surrounded by active many faults, such as the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), the city of Kirikkale is classified as highly earthquake-prone city. The first effort to determine critical site response parameter is to perform the seismic hazard analyses of the region through the earthquake record catalogues. The moment magnitude of the city center is obtained as $M_w=7.0$ according to the recorded probability of exceedance of 10% in the last 50 years. Using the data from site tests, the 1-D equivalent linear (EL) and nonlinear site response analyses (NL) are performed with respect to the shear modulus reduction and damping ratio models proposed in literature. The important engineering parameters of the amplification ratio, predominant site period, peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral acceleration values are predicted. Except for the periods between the period of T=0.2-1.0 s, the results from the NL are obtained to be similar to the EL results. Lower spectral acceleration values are estimated in the locations of the city where the higher amplification ratio is attained or vice-versa. Construction of high-rise buildings with modal periods higher than T=1.0 s are obtained to be suitable for the city of Kirikkale. The buildings at the city center are recommended to be assessed with street survey rapid structural evaluation methods so as to mitigate seismic damages. The obtained contour maps in this study are estimated to be effective for visually characterizing the city in terms of the considered parameters.