• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.359-371
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 안동댐유역을 대상으로 분포형 모형과 미계측유역 자료생성방법인 공간확장자료 생성방법을 사용하여 47개 미계측유역에 대해 홍수유출 시계열자료를 생성하고 3개 관측유역을 포함한 총 50개 유역에 대해 첨두유량을 추출하여 분석함으로써 강우의 공간분포가 유출에 미치는 영향을 실제유역과 실제사상에 대해 자세히 분석하였다. 20개 사상에 대해 GRM 모형의 매개변수 보정 및 검증결과 적절한 모형효율 통계결과를 얻었다. 이 추정된 매개변수와 실제강우(강우의 공간분포를 고려한 강우) 및 공간평균강우(실제강우를 공간적으로 평균한 강우)를 사용하여 50개 유역의 홍수유출 시계열자료를 생성하였으며 이 시계열 자료 중 첨두유량을 추출하여 분석한 결과 공간평균강우에 의한 첨두유량의 분포는 실제강우에 의한 첨두유량의 분포와 차이가 있었다. 강우의 분포가 유역전반에 비슷한 경우에는 실제강우와 공간평균강우에 의한 첨두유량의 분포가 비슷하거나 약간의 차이가 있었다. 하지만 호우가 상류 또는 하류방향으로 이동하거나 강우가 무작위로 분포되는 경우에는 공간평균강우에 의한 첨두유량의 분포가 실제강우에 의한 첨두유량의 분포보다 크게 좁아지는 것을 보였다. 이러한 사상의 비율을 조사한 결과 강우의 공간적 변동성을 고려하지 않고 홍수유출을 모의한다면 약 35%의 사상에 대해서는 적절하지 않은 첨두유량 모의결과를 얻을 수 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 홍수량 산정 또는 수자원 설계 시 강우의 시간분포 뿐만 아니라 공간분포 또한 고려해야 한다. 계측유역과 미계측유역의 첨두유량의 관계를 조사한 결과 낙동강 지류들에 위치한 미계측유역들의 첨두유량들은 그 크기가 넓게 분포됨에 따라 계측유역의 첨두유량을 사용하여 생성한 power law 관계를 이 미계측유역들의 첨두유량 추정 시 사용할 수 없었다. 또한 계측유역들의 첨두유량 또는 미계측유역 중 상하류로 연결된 비독립적인 소유역들의 첨두유량간에는 power law 가 존재하였으나 낙동강 지류들에 위치한 독립된 소유역들의 첨두유량들 간에는 상관관계가 없었다.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• 제3권
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• pp.97-104
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• 1992

To design the minor structures in the small watersheds, it is required to calculate the peak discharge. For these calculations the simple peak flow prediction equations, the unit hydrograph method. the syntheic unit hydrograph methods or the runoff simulation models are adopted. To use these methods it is generally requried to know the amount and the distributions of the design rainfall; which are the uniform distribution, the trangular distribution, the trapezoidal distribution, or the Huff type distribution. In this study, the peak discharges are calculated by the different rainfall distributions and the results are compared.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.113-115
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• 2004

This year korea power system had recorded highest peak load for 6 times and finally it made new peak load 51,264MW at July 29th 3:00 PM. The new peak load is increased 8.2% from the last year peak load 47,385MW and korea power system entered 50,000MW load era. The Korea Power Exchange (KPX) snapped power system data at the peak load time using state estimation function in the EMS. And authors converted the power system data at peak load to PSS/E power flow format. Using this PSS/E peak load power flow data, this paper explains demand analysis result shun capacitor operation, voltage distribution at the peak load. And the paper shows the simulation result of 2 contingency analysis using the snapped PSS/E peak load data.

• 물과 미래
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.93-97
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• 1991

소규모유역에서 수공구조물의 설계를 위하여는 첨두홍수량을 알아야 하며, 첨두홍수량을 계산하기 위하여는 단순 첨두홍수량 산정공식을 이용하거나 유출모의모형등을 이용하게된다. 이때에 해당 유역에 적용될 설계강우의 결정이 필요하며, 설계 강우분포형으로는 등분포 강우, 삼각형분포 강우, 사다리꼴분포 강우와 Huff분포형 강우등의 단순강우분포형이 고려된다. 본 연구에서는 이들 설계 강우분포형에 따라 변화하는 첨두홍수량을 비교 분석하고자 한다.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.66-75
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• 2000

From the traffic analysis, and model constructions and verifications for speed prediction on the freeway ramp junctions with 70mph speed limit, the following results were obtained : ⅰ) The traffic flow distribution showed a big difference depending on the time periods. Especially, more traffic flows were concentrated on the freeway junctions in the morning peak period when compared with the afternoon peak period. ⅱ) The occupancy distribution was also shown to be varied by a big difference depending on the time periods. Especially, the occupancy in the morning peak period showed over 100% increase when compared with the 24hours average occupancy, and the occupancy in the afternoon peak period over 25% increase when compared with the same occupancy. ⅲ) The speed distribution was not shown to have a big difference depending on the time periods. Especially, the speed in the morning peak period showed 10mph decrease when compared with the 24hours'average speed, but the speed did not show a big difference in the afternoon peak period. ⅳ) The analyses of variance showed a high explanatory power between the speed predictive models(SPM) constructed and the variables used, especially the upstream speed. ⅴ) The analysis of correlation for verifying the speed predictive models(SPM) constructed on the ramp junctions were shown to have a high correlation between observed data and predicted data. Especially, the correlation coefficients showed over 0.95 excluding the unstable condition on the diverge section. ⅵ) Speed predictive models constructed were shown to have the better results than the HCM models, even if the speed limits on the freeway were different between the HCM models and speed predictive models constructed.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 1999년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.111-121
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• 1999

From the traffic analyses, and model constructions and verifications for speed prediction on the freeway ramp junctions with 70mph speed limit, the following results obtained: ⅰ) The traffic flow distribution showed a big difference depending on the time periods. Especially, more traffic flows were concentrated on the freeway junctions in the morning peak period when compared with the afternoon peak period. ⅱ) The occupancy distribution was also shown to be varied by a big difference depending on the time periods. Especially, the occupancy in the morning peak period showed over 100% increase when compared with the 24hours average occupancy, and the occupancy in the afternoon peak period over 25% increase when compared with the same occupancy.ⅲ) The speed distribution was not shown to have a big difference depending on the time periods. Especially, the speed in the morning peak period shown 10mph decrease when compared with the 24hours' average speed, but the speed did not show a big difference in the afternoon peak period.ⅳ) The analyses of variance showed a high explanatory power between the speed predictive models(SPM) constructed and the variables used, especially the upstream speed. ⅴ) The analysis of correlation for verifying the speed predictive models(SPM) constructed on the ramp junctions were shown to have a high correlation between observed data and predicted data. Especially, the correlation coefficients showed over 0.95 excluding the unstable condition on the diverge sectionⅵ) Speed predictive models constructed were shown to have the better results than the HCM models, even if the speed limits on the freeway were different between the HCM models and speed predictive models constructed.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2007년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1798-1802
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• 2007

The practice of business estimate flood discharge by rainfall-flow relation that is easy collection of observation data. The important factor is rainfall, coefficient of runoff, and drainage area for analysis of runoff-flow relation.The practice of business usually use probability rainfall that use a weighted average value after each observation post estimate probability of non-same time. It has more error than same time probability rainfall, and it can excess of estimation because it can't consider space distribution of rainfall.The study of result showed similar aspect with existing ARF but width of coefficient become smaller. And the comparison of peak flow did not different what used by ARF and same time probability rainfall(A group). But non-same time probability rainfall is bigger 25% more than another(B group). Between A group and B group of the difference increased with the lapse of time.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제27권A호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2007

The practice of business estimate flood discharge by rainfall-flow relation that is easy collection of observation data. The important factor is rainfall, coefficient of runoff, and drainage area for analysis of runoff-flow relation. The practice of business usually use probability rainfall that use a weighted average value after each observation post estimate probability of non-same time. It has more error than same time probability rainfall, and it can excess of estimation because it can't consider space distribution of rainfall. The study of result showed similar aspect with existing ARF but width of coefficient become smaller. And the comparison of peak flow did not different what used by ARF and same time probability rainfall(A group). But non-same time probability rainfall is bigger 25% more than another(B group). Between A group and B group of the difference increased with the lapse of time.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.411-419
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• 2004

Titania particles are widely used as a photocatalyst to treat various contaminants in air and water. Titania particles were formed by vapor-phase oxidation of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in a tube furnace between 773 and 1,273 K. The effect of process variables such as furnace temperature, flow rate of carrier air, and flow rate of sheath air on powder size and phase characteristics was investigated using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The size distribution of synthesized titania particles was characterized with mode diameter and peak concentration. The mode diameter ranging from 20 to 80 nm decreased with increasing flow rates of sheath air and carrier air, and increased with increasing furnace temperature. The peak concentration increased with increasing flow rates of sheath air and carrier air The best synthetic condition for high production rate can be derived from the experimental data set represented by mode diameter and peak concentration. The crystal structure of synthesized titania particles was found to be anatase phase, ensuring high photocatalytic potential.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.768-778
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• 2003

Numerical analysis has been carried out to investigate laminar convective heat transfer in a tube for supercritical water near the thermodynamic critical point. Fluid flow and heat transfer are strongly coupled due to large variations of thermodynamic and transport properties such as density, specific heat, viscosity, and thermal conductivity near the critical point. Heat transfer characteristics in the developing region of the tube show transition behavior between liquid-like and gas-like phases with a peak in heat transfer coefficient distribution near the pseudocritical point. The peak of the heat transfer coefficient depends on pressure and wall heat flux rather than inlet temperature and Reynolds number, Results of the modeling provide convective heat transfer characteristics including velocity vectors, temperature, and the properties as well as the heat transfer coefficient. The effect of proximity to the critical point is considered and a heat transfer correlation is suggested for the peak of Nusselt number in the tube.