• 한국작물학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1980

대두의 주요해충인 콩진딧물의 피해를 경감시키기 위한 생태적 구제책을 모색키 위해서 충북백외 5품종을 5월 9일에서 7월 5일까지 약 10일 간격으로 재식밀도를 달리 5차에 걸쳐 파종하였고 대두생육기간중에 진딧물의 연중발생소장을 조사하는 한편 재식기, 재식거리 또는 품종에 따른 콩진딧물의 접식밀도의 차이를 비교조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 콩진딧물의 년중발생소장을 보면 5월 26일까지는 진딧물이 전혀 나타나지 않다가 6월 2일부터 발생하기 시작하여 6월 23일과 8월 18일에 각각 peak를 이루웠고 8월 18일의 peak는 6월 23의것보다 8배나 높았다. 2. 식물체정점으로부터 3번째 잎에 발생하는 진딧물수는 식물체전체에 발생하는 량의 약 20%에 해당되었고 시기별로 진딘물이 증가할 무렵은 높고 감소할 때는 낮은 경향이었다. 3. 재식시기에 따라 진딧물 접식밀도는 고도의 유의차가 인정되며 6월 20일 파종구가 가장 낮고 7월 5일구가 가장 높았다. 4. 재식밀도가 높을 수록 식물체당 진딧물 발생밀도는 낮은 경향이 있었다. 5. 품종간 콩진딘물의 발생밀도의 차이는 1% 수준에서 유의성이 인정되며 공시한 6개 품종중 충북백 이 저항성으로 또 금강대립이 이충성으로 나타났다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.180-184
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• 2009

In this paper, the electrochemical non-enzyme immunosensor has been developed for the determination of salmonella antigen, using inverse voltammetry. For the estimation of salmonella antigen concentration, the $Fe_3O_4$ nanoparticles synthesized by microemulsion method were conjugated with salmonella antigen. Then, the immunocomplex between antibody immobilized on the transducer surface and antigen containing a magnetic nanoparticles was formed. From the linear relationship between the reduction peak current of Fe(III) and salmonella antigen concentration, it is suggested that the electrochemical non-enzyme biosensor is applicable to detect salmonella antigen in the concentration range of $10^1-10^5$ CFU/ml.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.699-706
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• 2014

The probabilistic seismic performance of a standard Korean nuclear power plant (NPP) with an idealized isolation is investigated in the present work. A probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) of the Wolsong site on the Korean peninsula is performed by considering peak ground acceleration (PGA) as an earthquake intensity measure. A procedure is reported on the categorization and selection of two sets of ground motions of the Tohoku earthquake, i.e. long-period and common as Set A and Set B respectively, for the nonlinear time history response analysis of the base-isolated NPP. Limit state values as multiples of the displacement responses of the NPP base isolation are considered for the fragility estimation. The seismic risk of the NPP is further assessed by incorporation of the rate of frequency exceedance and conditional failure probability curves. Furthermore, this framework attempts to show the unacceptable performance of the isolated NPP in terms of the probabilistic distribution and annual probability of limit states. The comparative results for long and common ground motions are discussed to contribute to the future safety of nuclear facilities against drastic events like Tohoku.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 항만 지역의 지반 조건과 계측된 암반노두 가속도를 이용하여 지반증폭 특성이 반영된 지진피해평가 방안을 구축하였다. 먼저 지반조사 자료를 토대로 부지응답해석을 수행하여 항만지역의 암반노두 가속도와 지표면 최대가속도의 상관관계식을 결정한다. 결정된 대상 항만의 상관관계식은 지진피해평가 시스템 상에 DB화 되고, 지진 발생 시 계측된 암반노두 가속도를 입력받아 실시간으로 지표면 최대가속도를 결정한다. 지진 발생 시 실시간으로 결정되는 PGA 값과 상부 구조물의 지진취약도 함수를 이용하여 항만구조물의 지진피해 등급을 결정할 수 있다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 구축된 평가 방안에 따라 가상 지진을 적용하여 인천항만 지역 내 항만 구조물의 지진 피해를 추정하고 등급화 하였다.

• 소음진동
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.260-266
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• 1998

수조 내에 잠긴 구조물에 대한 미끄럼 지진응답의 해석시 비선형 모델에 포함되는 유체동적 효과를 계산할 때에 종래의 방법은 수조와 구조물 사이의 초기 간격 조건만으로 계산한 다음, 이를 지진 작용 시간동안 일정한 값으로 가정하여 사용하였다. 이는 지진시 수중구조물의 예상변위가 유체 간격에 비해 아주 작다고 가정하였기 때문이다. 그러나 유체 간격이 비교적 크지 않은 조건에서는 이 방법은 자칫 비보수적인 결과를 초래할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 건물내 수조에 잠긴 구조물에 대한 지진해석의 한가지 예를 통하여 어떠한 경우 얼마나 미끄럼변위를 과소평가 할 수 있는지를 보인다. 그리고, 이러한 경우 최대 미끄럼변위의 예측시 예상되는 과도한 오차를 피하기 위하여는 시간적분을 위한 각 적분 단위시간마다 유체동적 효과를 지속적으로 계산하여 개정하여 주어야 한다는 사실을 확인하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2017

This paper presents a 1:25 multi-freedom aero-elastic model for a high lighting pole at the Zhoushan stadium. To validate the similarity characteristics of the model, a free vibration test was performed before the formal test. Beat phenomenon was found and eliminated by synthesis of vibration in the X and Y directions, and the damping ratio of the model was identified by the free decay method. The dynamic characteristics of the model were examined and compared with the real structure; the similarity results were favorable. From the test results, the major along-wind dynamic response was the first vibration component. The along-wind wind vibration coefficient was calculated by the China code and Eurocode. When the peak factor equaled 3.5, the coefficient calculated by the China code was close to the experimental result while Eurocode had a slight overestimation of the coefficient. The wind vibration coefficient during typhoon flow was analyzed, and a magnification factor was suggested in typhoon-prone areas. By analyzing the power spectrum of the dynamic cross-wind base shear force, it was found that a second-order vortex-excited resonance existed. The cross-wind response in the test was smaller than Eurocode estimation. The aerodynamic damping ratio was calculated by random decrement technique and the results showed that aerodynamic damping ratios were mostly positive at the design wind speed, which means that the wind-induced galloping phenomenon is predicted not to occur at design wind speeds.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.327-344
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• 2010

This paper summarizes results of a comprehensive analytical study aimed at evaluating the influence of strong ground motion duration on residual displacement demands of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) and multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems. For that purpose, two sets of 20 earthquake ground motions representative of short-duration and long-duration records were considered in this investigation. While the influence of strong ground motion duration was evaluated through constant-strength residual displacement ratios, $C_r$, computed from the nonlinear response of elastoplastic SDOF systems, its effect on the amplitude and height-wise distribution of residual drift demands in MDOF systems was studied from the response of three one-bay two-dimensional generic frame models. In this investigation, an inelastic ground motion intensity measure was employed to scale each record, which allowed reducing the record-to-record variability in the estimation of residual drift demands. From the results obtained in this study, it was found that long strong-motion duration records might trigger larger median $C_r$ ratios for SDOF systems having short-to-medium period of vibration than short strong-motion duration records. However, taking into account the large record-to-record variability of $C_r$, it was found that strong motion duration might not be statistically significant for most of the combinations of period of vibration and levels of lateral strength considered in this study. In addition, strong motion duration does not have a significant influence on the amplitude of peak residual drift demands in MDOF systems, but records having long strong-motion duration tend to increase residual drift demands in the upper stories of long-period generic frames.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2007

Temporal changes in total nitrogen (T-N) and phosphorus (T-P) concentrations in paddy floodwater in response to fertilization under rain-shielding pot and small-scaled field conditions were investigated. On the basis of the changing patterns, suggestions for the use of fertilization factors, such as days after fertilization, in developing models for the estimation of T-N and T-P loads from paddy fields were made. Total N concentration was susceptible to fertilization, showing a peak concentration right after fertilization followed by a decreasing pattern with the elapse of days after fertilization. The decreasing pattern of T-N concentration followed the first- order kinetics, indicating that the models are likely to be an exponential equation using days after fertilization as an independent variable. Comparison between the pot and field experiments conducted with soils different in soil fertility revealed that indigenous soil N concentration significantly affected T-N concentration, and this suggests that soil N status can be used as the second variable for the models. Meanwhile, temporal changes in T-P concentration did not respond to P fertilization as sensitively as T-N. In combination with other published results, our study suggests that rainfall intensity and other factors associated with farming activities that are likely to cause disturbance of soil particles containing P may be used as possible variables for the models.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.103-142
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• 2020

One of the next frontiers in structural wind engineering is the design of tall buildings using performance-based approaches. Currently, tall buildings are being designed using provisions in the building codes and standards to meet an acceptable level of public safety and serviceability. However, recent studies in wind and earthquake engineering have highlighted the conceptual and practical limitations of the code-oriented design methods. Performance-based wind design (PBWD) is the logical extension of the current wind design approaches to overcome these limitations. Towards the development of PBWD, in this paper, we systematically review the advances made in this field, highlight the research gaps, and provide a basis for future research. Initially, the anatomy of the Wind Loading Chain is presented, in which emphasis was given to the early works of Alan G. Davenport. Next, the current state of practice to design tall buildings for wind load is presented, and its limitations are highlighted. Following this, we critically review the state of development of PBWD. Our review on PBWD covers the existing design frameworks and studies conducted on the nonlinear response of structures under wind loads. Thereafter, to provide a basis for future research, the nonlinear response of simple yielding systems under long-duration turbulent wind loads is studied in two phases. The first phase investigates the issue of damage accumulation in conventional structural systems characterized by elastic-plastic, bilinear, pinching, degrading, and deteriorating hysteretic models. The second phase introduces methods to develop new performance objectives for PBWD based on joint peak and residual deformation demands. In this context, the utility of multi-variate demand modeling using copulas and kernel density estimation techniques is presented. This paper also presents joined fragility curves based on the results of incremental dynamic analysis. Subsequently, the efficiency of tuned mass dampers and self-centering systems in controlling the accumulation of damage in wind-excited structural systems are investigated. The role and the need for explicit modeling of uncertainties in PBWD are also discussed with a case study example. Lastly, two unified PBWD frameworks are proposed by adapting and revisiting the Wind Loading Chain. This paper concludes with a summary and a proposal for future research.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2008

영상 레이다(SAR)는 주야간, 일조량에 관계없이 전천후로 영상획득이 가능하여 군사용으로는 물론 과학 민수용으로 광범위하게 활용된다. SAR 시스템에서는 고도, 운용 주파수, PRF 등의 다양한 시스템설계 파라미터로부터 생성된 임펄스 응답 함수(impulse response function)를 분석하여 공간해상도, PSLR, ISLR 등 영상품질 성능 파라미터의 추정이 가능하다. 그러나 모델링된 임펄스 응답 특성은 주변 클러터 환경이 고러되지 않은 이상적인 경우이므로 실제 주변 클러터 환경을 고려한 SAR 영상품질 분석 기법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 먼저 주요 SAR시스템 파라미터를 기반으로 SAR 점표적 원시 데이터를 생성하고, 거리-도플러 알고리듬(range-Doppler algorithm)을 이용하여 임펄스 응답 데이터를 형성한다. 그리고 실제 SAR영상의 일부분을 추출하여 주변 배경 클러터 환경 데이터를 형성한 후, 임펄스 응답 데이터를 삽입한다. 형성된 응답 데이터는 영상품질의 정확도를 향상시키고자 확장보간법을 도입하여 분석하고, 이에 대한 효과를 주요 도플러 파라미터인 방위 FM율 오차에 따른 성능분석을 수행함으로써 확인한다.