• 대기
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2023

Characteristics of downslope windstorm (DW) has been examined mainly based on 1-min average wind and the other meteorological conditions in the Yeongdong region for 2000~2020. First, a classification procedure for the downslope windstorm is proposed using surface wind speed (greater than 99 percentile), 1-hour longevity of strong wind (SW), westerly wind direction, low humidity (less than 20 percentile), and leeside warming. The number of DW days satisfying the proposed criteria is 221 (2.9% of total days and 47.5% of SW days) while the number of SW days is 465 (6.1% of total days) for 2000~2020. The occurrences of both SW and DW shows distinctive annual variation with its peak in April. In addition, mean wind speed of DW days is 8.2 m s^-1 with its duration of 2 hr 30 min and relative humidity of 28% at Gangneung. An episode (7 May 2021) was selected by applying the proposed criteria to SW days of 2021. The sounding shows that the layer of wind speed greater than 25 m s^-1 was lowered down to 925 hPa at Gangneung (leeside) relative to 850 hPa at Hoengseong (Wonju), in the afternoon along with significant warming and drying. Froude numbers of Wonju and Gangneung for the DW events were increased 4 and 5 times greater than those of normal days, respectively. This kind of DW long-term statistics in the leeside of the mountains is thought to build a foundation of further understanding DW mechanism.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2006

텐서(tensor) 이론에 기초한 기존의 구성방정식 모델은 암석(rock)과 같은 준취성 재료에서 나타나는 복잡한 변형열화(strain softening) 과정을 기술하기가 어려우며, 특히 구속압에 따른 변형열화 과정의 변화를 잘 반영하지 못한다. 본 연구에서는 화강암의 3차원 거동을 예측 분석할 수 있는 구성방정식을 마이크로플레인 모델을 이용하여 개발하였다. 화강암에 대한 마이크로플레인 모델은 Westerly 화강암과 Bonnet 화강암의 일축압축 및 삼축압축 시험 데이터와 최적을 이루도록 개발되었다. 개발된 마이크로플레인 모델은 화강암의 일축 및 삼축거동을 잘 예측하였다. 그리고 개발된 화강암의 마이크로플레인 모델을 유한요소법에 적용하여 암석지반 굴착시의 발파 모사를 통해 화강암의 비선형 거동 및 발파시의 파쇄 영역을 해석하였다. 또한 마이크로플레인 모델을 이용한 비선형 해석결과와 탄성해석 결과를 비교 분석한 결과 화강암의 거동은 비선형에 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.283-299
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• 2023

Structural stability of floating platforms has long since been a crucial issue in the field of marine engineering. Excessive motions would not only deteriorate the operating conditions but also seriously impact the safety, service life, and production efficiency. In recent decades, several control devices have been proposed to reduce unwanted motions, and an attractive one is the tuned heave plate (THP). However, the THP system may reduce or even lose its effectiveness when it is mistuned due to the shift of dominant wave frequency. In the present study, a novel adaptive tuned heave plate (ATHP) is proposed based on inerter by adjusting its inertance, which allows to overcome the limitation of the conventional THP and realize adaptations to the dominant wave frequencies in real time. Specifically, the analytical model of a representative semisubmersible platform (SSP) equipped with an ATHP is created, and the equations of motion are formulated accordingly. Two optimization strategies (i.e., J₁ and J₂ optimizations) are developed to determine the optimum design parameters of ATHP. The control effectiveness of the optimized ATHP is then examined in the frequency domain by comparing to those without control and controlled by the conventional THP. Moreover, parametric analyses are systematically performed to evaluate the influences of the pre-specified frequency ratio, damping ratio, heave plate sizes, peak periods and wave heights on the performance of ATHP. Furthermore, a Simulink model is also developed to examine the control performance of ATHP in the time domain. It is demonstrated that the proposed ATHP could adaptively adjust the optimum inertance-to-mass ratio by tracking the dominant wave frequencies in real time, and the proposed system shows better control performance than the conventional THP.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.361-370
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• 2024

본 논문에서는 저비용 제작이 가능한 직렬 공진형 한류기를 스마트 그리드 배전 계통에 적용하기 위한 방법을 연구하였다. 먼저, 한류기의 직렬 공진 회로에 주입되는 단락 전류의 고조파 성분들이 과도 응답의 피크 값에 미치는 영향에 대해서 분석하였으며, 퍼센트 임피던스 기반 고장 전류 계산법을 적용하여 정상 상태 응답을 결정하는 방법을 연구하였다. 다음, 시험 배전 선로에 적용하여 채택된 방법의 유효성을 검증하였다. 설계된 한류기를 적용한 시험 배전계통을 EMTP_RV를 이용하여 모델링하였으며 3상 단락 고장 시나리오를 모의하였다. 고장 모의 결과에서 한류기 적용 후 고장 전류의 정상 상태 응답이 설계 목표 값을 정확하게 추종하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 한류기 적용 전과 후의 고장전류 파형 비교에서 고장 전류가 크게 억제되는 것을 확인함으로써 배전 계통에 대한 직렬 공진형 한류기 적용 효과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2010

태안반도 인근 해역의 우점 요각류 세 종의 계절별 분포를 알아보고 계절별 섭식률을 측정하여 이들이 식물플랑크톤 현존량에 미치는 섭식압을 파악하였다. 우점 요각류인 Acartia hongi, Calanus sinicus, Paracalanus parvus s. 1.는 전체 중형동물플랑크톤 개체수의 약 50%를 차지하였고 전체 요각류의 약 70%를 차지하였다. A. hongi는 겨울철, 봄철에 우점하였고, C. sinicus는 봄철에 가장 우점하였으며, P. parvus s. 1.는 여름철과 가을철에 우점하였다. 이들 세 요각류의 섭식률은 봄철에 가장 높았고, 섭식률이 높은 시기에 요각류 알(egg)과 유생(nauplius)의 생물량이 다른 계절에 비해 약 10배 이상 많았다. 또한, 섭식률이 높은 시기에 유생 단계의 생물량도 높게 나타나 이들의 섭식률은 재생산을 위해 증가한 것으로 여겨졌다. 이 우점 요각류 세 종이 식물플랑크톤 현존량에 미치는 섭식압은 약 5% (0.7~40.5% 범위) 정도였으며, 봄철에 가장 높았다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic (the form of coronaviruses) developed at the end of 2019 and spread rapidly to almost every corner of the world. It has infected around 25,334,339 of the world population by the end of September 1, 2020 [1] . It has been spreading ever since, and the peak specific to every country has been rising and falling and does not seem to be over yet. Currently, the conventional RT-PCR testing is required to detect COVID-19, but the alternative method for data archiving purposes is certainly another choice for public departments to make. Researchers are trying to use medical images such as X-ray and Computed Tomography (CT) to easily diagnose the virus with the aid of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based software. Method: This review paper provides an investigation of a newly emerging machine-learning method used to detect COVID-19 from X-ray images instead of using other methods of tests performed by medical experts. The facilities of computer vision enable us to develop an automated model that has clinical abilities of early detection of the disease. We have explored the researchers' focus on the modalities, images of datasets for use by the machine learning methods, and output metrics used to test the research in this field. Finally, the paper concludes by referring to the key problems posed by identifying COVID-19 using machine learning and future work studies. Result: This review's findings can be useful for public and private sectors to utilize the X-ray images and deployment of resources before the pandemic can reach its peaks, enabling the healthcare system with cushion time to bear the impact of the unfavorable circumstances of the pandemic is sure to cause

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.223-241
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• 2024

Evaluating the performance of Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) stands as a pivotal juncture in the domain of hard rock mechanized tunneling, essential for achieving both a dependable construction timeline and utilization rate. In this investigation, three advanced artificial neural networks namely, gated recurrent unit (GRU), back propagation neural network (BPNN), and simple recurrent neural network (SRNN) were crafted to prognosticate TBM-rate of penetration (ROP). Drawing from a dataset comprising 1125 data points amassed during the construction of the Alborze Service Tunnel, the study commenced. Initially, five geomechanical parameters were scrutinized for their impact on TBM-ROP efficiency. Subsequent statistical analyses narrowed down the effective parameters to three, including uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), peak slope index (PSI), and Brazilian tensile strength (BTS). Among the methodologies employed, GRU emerged as the most robust model, demonstrating exceptional predictive prowess for TBM-ROP with staggering accuracy metrics on the testing subset (R² = 0.87, NRMSE = 6.76E-04, MAD = 2.85E-05). The proposed models present viable solutions for analogous ground and TBM tunneling scenarios, particularly beneficial in routes predominantly composed of volcanic and sedimentary rock formations. Leveraging forecasted parameters holds the promise of enhancing both machine efficiency and construction safety within TBM tunneling endeavors.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2024

Recent years have seen a notable increase in fire incidents in university cafeterias, yet the social attention to these occurrences remains limited. Despite quick responses to these incidents preventing loss of life, the need for large-scale evacuation in such high foot traffic areas can cause significant disruptions, economic losses, and panic among students. The potential for stampedes and unpredictable damage during inadequate evacuations underscores the importance of fire safety and evacuation research in these settings. Previous studies have explored evacuation models in various university environments, emphasizing the influence of environmental conditions, personal characteristics, and behavioral patterns on evacuation efficiency. However, research specifically focusing on university cafeterias is scarce. This paper addresses this gap by employing Pathfinder software to analyze fire spread and evacuation safety in a university cafeteria. Pathfinder, an advanced emergency evacuation assessment system, offers realistic 3D simulations, crucial for intuitive and scientific evacuation analysis. The studied cafeteria, encompassing three floors and various functional areas, often exceeds a capacity of 1500 people, primarily students, during peak times. The study includes constructing a model of the cafeteria in Pathfinder and analyzing evacuation scenarios under different fire outbreak conditions on each floor. The paper sets standard safe evacuation criteria (ASET > RSET) and formulates three distinct evacuation scenarios, considering different fire outbreak locations and initial evacuation times on each floor. The simulation results reveal the impact of the fire's location and the evacuation preparation time on the overall evacuation process, highlighting that fires on higher floors or longer evacuation preparation times tend to reduce overall evacuation time.In conclusion, the study emphasizes a multifaceted approach to improve evacuation safety and efficiency in educational settings. Recommendations include expanding staircase widths, optimizing evacuation routes, conducting regular drills, strengthening command during evacuations, and upgrading emergency facilities. The use of information and communication technology for managing emergencies is also suggested. These measures collectively form a comprehensive framework for ensuring safety in educational institutions during fire emergencies.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.619-629
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• 2024

To improve the utilization rate of phosphate tailings (PTs) and widen the sources of subgrade filler, the PTs is employed to modify clay, forming a PTs modified clay, applied in the subgrade. Accordingly, the environmental friendliness of PTs was investigated. Subsequently, an optimal proportion was determined through compaction and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) experiments. Afterward, the stability of mixture with the optimal proportion was further evaluated through the water stability and dry-wet stability experiments. Finally, via the gradation and microstructure experiments, the strength mechanism of PTs modified clay was analyzed. The results show that the PTs were classified in the non-hazardous solid wastes, belonging to Class A building materials. With the increase of PTs content and the decrease of clay content, the optimum water content and the swelling degree gradually decrease, while the maximum dry density and CBR first increase and then decrease, reaching their peak value at 50% PTs content, which is the optimal proportion. The resilient modulus of PTs modified clay at the optimal proportion reaches 110.2 MPa. The water stability coefficient becomes stable after soaking for 4 days, while the dry-wet stability coefficient decreases with the increase of cycles and tends to be stable after 8 cycles. Under the long-term action, the dry-wet change has a greater adverse impact than continuous soaking. The analysis demonstrates that the better strength mainly comes from the skeleton role of PTs and the cementation of clay. The systematic laboratory test results and economic analysis collectively provide data evidence for the advantages of PTs modified clay as a subgrade filler.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.213-223
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• 2011

동해안 국가어항 및 지정항만의 효율적 수질관리 및 개발계획 수립에 따른 환경성 진단을 지원하기 위해 수질현황과 변동특성을 분석하고, 정책적 고찰을 실시하였다. COD는 대부분 설정된 수질환경기준을 만족하였지만, TN과 TP는 기준을 초과하는 구역이 많았다. 하계에 최대 농도를 보인 COD, SS와는 달리 총인은 상대적으로 동계에 농도가 높은 양상이었다. 거진항, 축산항과 구룡포항을 제외하고는 대부분 인이 제한인자로 작용하는 것으로 평가되었고, 강구항과 포항구항의 부영양화지수가 가장 높았다. 국가어항인 강구항과 지정항만인 포항항, 주문진항과 구룡포항은 오염지수(COD, TN과 TP를 고려한 함수)가 상대적으로 크고 최근 들어 점점 증가하는 경향을 보인 반면, 삼척항, 임원항과 축산항은 오염지수가 다소 감소하는 등 연구지역마다 복잡한 변동양상을 나타내어 복수의 수질항목(유기 및 무기물질 등)을 종합적으로 고려한 오염지수의 지속적 평가가 필요하였다. 수질기준적용에서 죽변항과 축산항은 뚜렷한 환경적 차이가 없음에도 불구하고 다른 구역에 비해 엄격하게 적용되어 있는 등 기준설정에 대한 개선이 필요하였다. 최근 설정된 수질등급기준과 평가지수는 개선된 측면은 있으나, 오염원 관리대상 항목과의 연계성이 미흡하고 환산계수 등이 모호한 측면이 있어서 좀 더 보완될 필요성이 제기되었다. 항내 퇴적물 오염실태에 관한 기초자료가 매우 부족하므로 준설토의 친환경적 처분과 수질악화를 방지하기 위해서 이에 대한 진단과 모니터링이 수반되어야 할 것이다. 특히, 지정항만 등에 대한 모니터링이 이루어지고 있으나 일부에 국한될 뿐만 아니라, 국가어항 모니터링은 전체의 7%에 지나지 않아서 관련 법적 근거 마련을 통해서 국가가 관리하는 항에 대한 체계적인 모니터링방안이 재정립되어야 할 것이다.