• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2012

최근에는 지금까지 주로 탐사개발이 이루어진 구조적 저류층보다 층서적 저류층에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 하지만 얇은 두께의 가스 저류층의 경우 동조효과로 인해 겹쌓기 단면도에서 탐지가 어렵다. 게다가 얇은 저류층 내 염수가 있는 부분과 가스로 치환된 부분으로부터의 반사파가 동일한 극성을 갖는 경우 일반적인 자료 처리 기술을 이용해서 가스가 있는 부분을 규명하는 것이 쉽지 않다. 본 연구에서는 빛띠 분해를 이용해서 얇은 저류층 내 가스로 치환된 부분을 나타내는 방법을 소개하고자 한다. 먼저, Class 1, Class 3 그리고 Class 4의 AVO 반응을 가지는 매질의 물성을 이용하여 다양한 입사각과 진동수에 따른 진폭 빛띠를 분석하였다. 그 결과 입사각과 AVO 종류에 무관하게 최대 진폭 빛띠 값을 갖는 꼭지 진동수 근처에서 염수와 가스로 치환된 얇은 층의 진폭 빛띠 값이 가장 크게 차이가 나는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 Class 3와 Class 4의 성질을 가지는 매질에서는 가스로 치환된 부분의 진폭 빛띠가 꼭지 진동수에서 염수로 치환된 부분의 진폭 빛띠보다 크게 나타나는 것을 확인하였고 이러한 현상은 Class 1에서는 반대로 일어나는 것을 확인하였다. 위의 결과를 토대로 얇은 저류층내에서 가스로 치환된 부분을 염수로 치환된 부분과 구분하기 위해서 겹쌓기 단면에 빛띠 분해법을 적용하였다. 위 방법에 대한 타당성을 검증하기 위해서 동일한 반사 극성을 가지면서 염수와 가스로 치환된 부분이 모두 있는 하나의 얇은 저류층 속도 모델을 설정하였다. 결과적으로 Wigner-Ville distribution을 사용해서 얻은 꼭지 진동수 근처에서의 빛띠 분해 단면도를 통해 겹쌓기 단면에서는 구분이 어려웠던 얇은 저류층 내에서의 염수와 가스로 치환된 부분을 구분할 수 있었다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.333-345
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• 2012

NOAA/AVHRR, Topex/Poseidon, and Jason-1 data were used to analyze sea surface temperatures and thermal fronts in the North East Asia Seas. Temporal and spatial analyses were based on data from 1993 to 2008. The amplitude and phase for the annual mode on SL and SST were investigated with harmonic analysis. The geographical distribution of amplitudes for comparison of SL and SST are slightly reverse in southwest-northeast tilted direction. The time series analysis conducted on the entire researched area presented consistent pattern. Peak of Sea Level was presented 1~2 months after the peak of the surface sea temperature was shown. This explains that Sea Level change occurs after the generation of surface sea temperature change in sea. The Sobel edge detection method delineated four fronts. Thermal fronts generally occurred over steep bathymetric slopes. Annual amplitudes and phases were bounded within these frontal areas.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.274-286
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• 1994

Direct shear tests were on ducted in a laboratory setting in order to investigate the shear strength and deformation behavior of rock joints. Also, the characteristics of acoustic emissions (AE) during shearing of rock joints were studied. The artificial rock joints were created by splitting the intact blocks of Hwangdeung granites and Iksan marbles. Joint roughness profiles were measured by a profile gage and then digitized by Image analyzer. Roughness profile indices(Rp) of the joints were calculated with these digitized data. Peak shear strength, residual shear strength, shear stiffness and maximum acoustic emission(AE) rate were investigated with joint roughness. The peak shear strenght, the residual shear strength and the shear stiffness were increased as roughness popfile index or normal stress increased in the shear tests of granites. In the tests of marble samples, the shear deformation characteristics were not directly affected by joint roughness. As the result of two directional shear tests, the shear characteristics were varied with shear direction. AE count rates were measured during the shear deformation and the AE signals in several stages of the deformation were analyzed in a frequency domain. The AE rate peaks coincided with the stress drops during the shear deformation of joint. The dominant frequencies of the AE signals were in the vicinity of 100 kHz fo rgranite sample and 900 kHz for marble samples. The distribution of amplitude was dispersed with increasing normal stress.

• Composites Research
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2009

압축하중 및 굽힘하중을 받는 유리섬유플라스틱(GFRP) 표피/ 알루미늄 하니컴 코어(GF-AH) 하이브리드 복합재료의 음향방출(AE) 특성을 다양한 파괴과정과 연결시켜 연구하였다. 표피층 파괴, 표피/코어간의 계면박리, 하니컴 알루미늄 벽의 국부적인 소성항복 좌굴 및 셀벽간의 접착수지 박리와 같은 다양한 파괴모드가 하니컴 코어/GFRP표피 복합재를 이용한 AE주파수 분포 해석과 진폭분포 해석결과를 통해 분류되었다. 높은 진폭을 가진 AE 사상율의 분포는 셀벽 접착수지의 파괴, 표피층과 심층 사이의 박리및 미세파괴, 섬유파단에 대응하였으며 다른 피크 주파수의 분포는 알루미늄 셀벽의 소성변형, 셀벽간의 마찰로부터 발생한 것이다. 결론적으로 GF-AH 하이브리드 복합재료의 파괴거동 특성은 AE기법을 활용한 비파괴 평가를 통해 분석 가능하였다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2008

The adaptive symbol selection scheme(ASSS) is popular in reducing peak to average power ratio(PAPR) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) signals. The probability density function(pdf) of the samples' amplitudes of the adaptively selected OFDM signal without over-sampling has been considered to be approximately equal to the Rayleigh pdf. In this paper, we derive a more precise pdf which shows the relationship between the probability distribution of the samples' amplitudes and the number of the candidate symbols for ASSS. Using the newly derived pdf in the theoretical analysis, more accurate calculation results can be obtained.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.327-344
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• 2010

This paper summarizes results of a comprehensive analytical study aimed at evaluating the influence of strong ground motion duration on residual displacement demands of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) and multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems. For that purpose, two sets of 20 earthquake ground motions representative of short-duration and long-duration records were considered in this investigation. While the influence of strong ground motion duration was evaluated through constant-strength residual displacement ratios, $C_r$, computed from the nonlinear response of elastoplastic SDOF systems, its effect on the amplitude and height-wise distribution of residual drift demands in MDOF systems was studied from the response of three one-bay two-dimensional generic frame models. In this investigation, an inelastic ground motion intensity measure was employed to scale each record, which allowed reducing the record-to-record variability in the estimation of residual drift demands. From the results obtained in this study, it was found that long strong-motion duration records might trigger larger median $C_r$ ratios for SDOF systems having short-to-medium period of vibration than short strong-motion duration records. However, taking into account the large record-to-record variability of $C_r$, it was found that strong motion duration might not be statistically significant for most of the combinations of period of vibration and levels of lateral strength considered in this study. In addition, strong motion duration does not have a significant influence on the amplitude of peak residual drift demands in MDOF systems, but records having long strong-motion duration tend to increase residual drift demands in the upper stories of long-period generic frames.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.1821-1833
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• 2021

The gas-liquid counter-current flow limitation (CCFL) is closely related to efficient and safety operation of many equipment in industrial cycle. Air-water countercurrent flow experiments were performed in a tube with diameter of 25 mm to understand the triggering mechanism of CCFL. A parallel electrode probe was utilized to measure film thickness whereby the time domain and frequency domain characteristics of liquid film was obtained. The amplitude of the interface wave is small at low liquid flow rate while it becomes large at high liquid flow rate after being disturbed by the airflow. The spectral characteristic curve shows a peak-shaped distribution. The crest exists between 0 and 10 Hz and the amplitude decreases with the frequency increase. The analysis of visual observation and characteristic of film thickness indicate that two flooding mechanisms were identified at low and high liquid flow rate, respectively. At low liquid flow rate, the interfacial waves upward propagation is responsible for the formation of CCFL onset. While flooding at high liquid flow rate takes place as a direct consequence of the liquid bridging in tube due to the turbulent flow pattern. Moreover, it is believed that there is a transition region between the low and high liquid flow rate.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.277-281
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• 2007

We investigated fault current limitation characteristics of the resistive superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) which consisted of a Bi-2212 bulk coil and a shunt coil. The Bi-2212 bulk coil and the shunt coil were connected in parallel. The Bi-2212 bulk coil was placed inside the shunt coil to induce field-assisted quench. The fault test was conducted at an input voltage of $200V_{rms}$ and fault current of $12kA_{rms}\;and\;25kA_{rms}$. The fault conditions were asymmetric and symmetric, and the fault period was 5 cycles. The test results show that the SFCL successfully limited the fault current of $12kA_{rms}\;and\;25kA_{rms}$ to below $5.5{\sim}6.9kA_{peak}\;within\;0.64{\sim}2.17$ msec after the fault occurred. Limitation was faster under symmetric fault test condition due to the larger change rate of current. We concluded that the speed of fault current limitation was determined by the speed of current rise rather than the amplitude of a short circuit current. These results show that the Bi-2212 bulk coil is suitable for distribution-class SFCLS.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.12-21
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• 1988

The behaviour of pressure vessel made of SS41 steel was investigated during hydrotest. AE tests were carried out for the vessels in as-manufactured, V-notched and weld-cracked state using microcomputer-based AE instrumentation. The following results were obtained: 1) In the case of source location using cylindrical program, to minimize the error of source location, the difference of max. Delta T values measured from each sensor should be kept as small as possible. 2) When crack grew, AE event rate increased continuously but AE event from the inclusions occurred intermittently, so by analyzing event rate, the source of AE could be derived. 3) From the spot welding part of supporter, many events with low energy occurred independent of Kaiser effect, which could be confirmed by analyzing energy parameter. 4) The b-value from the tensile specimen of was lower than that from normal specimen and the b-value from crack propagation was lower than that from deformation, so by analyzing peak amplitude distribution, the source mechanism could be derived from the b-value.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.621-625
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• 2007

Oscillating wave amplitude in a bottom-mounted owe chamber designed for wave energy converter is investigated by applying characteristic wave conditions in Korean coastal water. The effects of shape parameters of OWC chamber in a view of wave energy absorbing capability are analyzed. Both experimental and numerical approaches are adopted and their results are compared to optimize the shape parameters which can result in a maximum power production under given wave distribution. The experiment was carried out in a wave flume under 2-D assumption of OWC chamber. In numerical scheme, the potential problem inside the chamber is solved by use of the Green integral equation associated with the Rankine Green function, while outer problem with the Kelvin Green function taking account of fluctuating air pressure in the chamber. Air duct diameter, chamber width, and submerged depths of front skirt and back wall of chamber changes the magnitude and peak frequency of wave absorption significantly.