• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.68 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2019

In this paper, beam forming using moving least squares method (MLSM) is studied. In the previous research, the least squares method (LSM), one of the data interpolation methods, was used to determine the desired beam pattern and obtain a beam pattern that minimizes the square of the error with the desired beam pattern. However, LSM has a disadvantage in that the beam pattern can not be formed to satisfy the exact steering angle of the desired beam pattern and the peak sidelobe level (PSLL) condition. To overcome this drawback, MLSM is used for beam forming. In order to verify, the proposed method is applied in beam forming of Bezier platform array antenna which is one of conformal array antenna platform.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to develop a fast and accurate method of variety discrimination and geographical discrimination origin of Korean angelica (Korean variety, Angelica gigas Nakai) by using TDU-GC/MS. Two peaks of decursin and decursinol, which are coumarin derivatives were identified in the range of Total Ion Chromatogram (TIC) RT 26.9-27.2 of the Korean angelica by GC/MS analysis at the time of condensation in a refrigerated condensation system after thermal desorption of sample extracts. In case of Chinese angelica (Chinese variety), ligustilide peak was detected at the RT 17.2. In order to investigate the difference of volatile components according to the geographical origin of Korean variety, the mass spectra were measured by TDU-GC/MS at the range of m/z 40-400 amu. The TIC of domestic cultivation and Chinese cultivation of the Korean variety, Angelica gigas Nakai showed the same tendency as a whole. However, in partial scans of TIC, two peaks detected at 15.54 and 16.05 of RT showed different peak patterns between Korean angelica (Korean variety) cultivated in Korea and in China. The ratio of Peak A (RT 15.54) and B (RT 16.05) was 0.0-0.2 for domestic cultivation and 0.5-2.8 for Chinese cultivation, confirming the possibility of discriminating origin by comparing the TIC peak pattern of TDU-GC/MS.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 1992

An XRD quantitative analytical method using calculated XRD patterns was discussed in this study, Deep-seabed sediments commonly contain smectite, illite, chlorite, and kaolinite, and XRD pattern of each clay mineral of appropriate chemical composition was simulated by using an XRD pattern calculation method. Theoretical peak intensities of specific reflections of four clay minerals (the 001 reflections of smectite and illite, the 004 reflection of chlorite, and the 002 reflection of kaolinite) were measured from calculated patterns, and MIF(mineral intensity factor)value of each phase was determined from the intensities of calculated patterns. The peak intensities obtaine from experimental XRD patterns of sediments were corrected using the MIF values so that the calibrated intensity values for the specimens are linearly proportional to the weight fraction of each phase, which is normalized to 100 wt%. The MIF method can provide accurate quantitaive results without the necessity of correcting the factors by the mass absorption coefficient of each phase. This method excludes the necessity of standard specimens having compositions that are similar to those of clay minerals in the sediment samples. Therefore, quantitaive analysis using XRD calculation method can be utilized for the specimens, for which the standard specimens are very difficult or impossible to obtain. this quantitative method can provide rapid, routine analysis results for a large number of samples which occur in similar geological environments.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.10
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• pp.1278-1285
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• 2018

For saving electricity bill, energy storage system(ESS) is being installed in factories, public building and commercial building with a Time-of-Use(TOU) tariff which consists of demand charge(KRW/kW) and energy charge(KRW/kWh). However, both of peak reduction and ESS special tariff are not considered in an analysis of initial cost payback period(ICPP) on ESS. Since it is difficult to reflect base rate by an amount of uncertain peak demand reduction during mid-peak and on-peak periods in the future days. Therefore, the ICPP on ESS can be increased. Based on this background, this paper presents the advanced analysis method for the ICPP on ESS. In the proposed algorithm, the representative days of monthly electricity consumption pattern for the amount of peak reduction can be found by the k­means clustering algorithm. Moreover, the total expected energy costs of representative days are minimized by optimal daily ESS operation considering both peak reduction and the special tariff through a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP). And then, the amount of peak reduction becomes a value that the sum of the expected energy costs for 12 months is maximum. The annual benefit cost is decided by the amount of annual peak reduction. Two simulation cases are considered in this study, which one only considers the special tariff and another considers both of the special tariff and amount of peak reduction. The ICPP in the proposed method is shortened by 18 months compared to the conventional method.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2021

Objective: This study investigated the different in isokinetic peak strength of the knee joint, and kinetics and kinematics in drop landing pattern of lower limb between the patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) patients and normal. Method: 30 adult females were divided into the PFPS (age: 23.13±2.77 yrs; height: 160.97±3.79 cm, weight: 51.19±4.86 kg) and normal group (age: 22.80±2.54 yrs, height: 164.40±5.77 cm, weight: 56.14±8.16 kg), with 15 subjects in each group. To examine the knee isokinetic peak strength, kinematics and kinetics in peak vertical ground reaction force during drop landing. Results: The knee peak torque (Nm) and relative strength (%) were significantly weaker PFPS group than normal group. In addition, PFPS group had significantly greater hip flexion angle (°) than normal group. Moreover, normal group had significantly greater moment of hip abduction, hip internal rotation, and left ankle eversion than PFPS group, and PFPS group had significantly greater moment of knee internal rotation. Finally, there was significant differences between the groups at anteroposterior center of pressure. Conclusion: The PFPS patients had weakened knee strength, and which can result in an unstable landing pattern and cause of more stress in the knee joints despite to effort of reduce vertical ground reaction force.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.62-69
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• 2019

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals cannot be counterfeited and can easily acquire signals from both wrists. In this paper, we propose a method of generating a coupling image using direction information of ECG signals as well as its usage in a personal recognition method. The proposed coupling image is generated by using forward ECG signal and rotated inverse ECG signal based on R-peak, and the generated coupling image shows a unique pattern and brightness. In addition, R-peak data is increased through the ECG signal calculation of the same beat, and it is thus possible to improve the recognition performance of the individual. The generated coupling image extracts characteristics of pattern and brightness by using the proposed convolutional neural network and reduces data size by using multiple pooling layers to improve network speed. The experiment uses public ECG data of 47 people and conducts comparative experiments using five networks with top 5 performance data among the public and the proposed networks. Experimental results show that the recognition performance of the proposed network is the highest with 99.28%, confirming potential of the personal recognition.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2014

Purpose: The study aimed to examine the influence of PNF direct and indirect breathing treatments for patients with cervical spinal cord injuries who had breathing problems. Methods: For each cervical spinal cord patient, force vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow, maximum phonation time (MPT), rib cage width, and VAS were measured pre-intervention and four weeks after post-intervention. The indirect method and the direct method were used for interventions. We treated patients with the indirect method using scapular anterior depression pattern, bilateral extensor pattern with rhythmic initiation, and a combination of isotonic. We treated patients with the direct method, applying pressure on the sternum and using rhythmic initiation (hold relax and stretch reflex) for the rib cage. Training occurred for 50 minutes a day and three days per week for four weeks. Results: FVC, MPT, peak expiratory flow, and rib cage width were increased and decreased at the VAS point for rolling after treatment. Conclusion: Patients with cervical spinal cord injuries who had breathing problems felt uncomfortable when they had conversations on a couch. We found that PNF direct and indirect treatments improved rib cage width and breathing functions of patients with cervical spinal cord injuries.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1324-1335
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• 1991

In this paper, a phoneme separation and an establishment of discriminative pattern of Korean phonemes are studied on experiment. The separation uses parameters such as pitch extraction, glottal peak pulse width of each pitch. speech duration. envelope and amplitude bias. The first pitch is extracted by deviations of glottal peak and width. energy and normalization on a bias on the top of vowel envelope. And then, it traces adjacent pitch to vowel in whole. On vewel, amethod to be reduced gliding pattern and the possible of vowel distinction to be used just second formant are proposed, and shrinking pitch waveform has nothing to do with pitch length is estimated. A pattern of envelope, spectrum, shrinking waveform, and a method of analysis by mutual relation among phonemes and manners of articulation on consonant are detected. As experimental results, 90% on vowel phoneme, 80% and 60% on initial and final consonant are discriminated.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1810-1814
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• 2008

A small L-type megasonic module for nano-pattern cleaning was designed and manufactured. The impedance graph of the quartz waveguide with a piezoelectric actuator was predicted using finite element method (FEM). The peak value of the piezoelectric actuator alone was 3.373 MHz, which was the same as the experimentally measured value of 3.373 MHz (0.0% error). In addition, the maximum impedance value of the quartz waveguide with the actuator was 3.373 MHz, which agreed well with the measured value of 3.362 MHz (0.3% error). The acoustic pressures of a conventional megasonic system (3 MHz) and the developed system under similar conditions were measured and compared. The results showed that the maximum values and standard deviations of the developed system decreased by 29% and 18%, respectively, compared with the conventional type. This suggests that the small L-type would have higher particle removal efficiency with lower possibilities of pattern damages.

• Survey Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.65-90
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to develope an appropriate method of the household projection in Korea. Given the data constraints, the headship rate method is selected. This method is known to be responsive to changes in demographic factors related to household formation. To project future headship rates, the method of net transition rates based on the average of two-census intervals was adopted for household heads ages 35 and over, while the log-linear formula was employed for those aged under 35. The future headship rate of Korean males shows a one-peak pattern with plateau, whereas that of Korean females marks a two-peak pattern. For a better projection of household in the future, one-person households should be treated more carefully, because they are mostly either young adults or the elderly whose activities of household formation and dissolution are very hard to forecast.