• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.143-179
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• 1989

To observe the bonding behavior of palladium-based alloys to porcelain; 1. Pd-Co binary alloy with the higher cobalt content, 2. Pd-Co binary alloy with the lower cobalt content, 3. Pd-Ag-Sn ternary alloy, 4. Pd-Ag binary alloy, 5. Pd-Cu-Au ternary alloy and 6. Pd-Cu binary alloy were made as 6 groups of experimental alloys. Each group of alloy was divided into 4 sub-groups such as one sub-group that was not degassed and three sub-groups that degassed for 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes. On each specimen, weight changes after degassing, morphological changes of oxide layer by changing the degassing time, compositional changes at metal-ceramic interface and bond strength of metal-ceramic measured with planar shear test were observed and compared. The results of the present study allow the following conclusions to be drawn: 1. The alloy showing the greatest bond strength was Pd-Cu alloy without gold and bond strength was decreased by alloying gold to them. 2. Although Pd-Co alloy showed the most prominent oxidation behavior, bond strength of them to porcelain was not greatly high by the formation of porosities at metal-ceramic interfaces. 3. Likewise tin, cobalt formed the peaks on line profiles at metal-ceramic interface, however copper did not exhibit such peaks on line profiles. 4. Mainly, oxide layer on Pd-Co alloy was composed with cobalt, and for Pd-Co alloy with higher cobalt content the rise of bond strength was not significant by increased degassing time. 5. On Pd-Ag alloy not containing tin, during degassing for 15 minutes silver content was increased at metal-ceramic interface. 6. As an oxidized element, tin formed the oxide layers that widen their area by increasing the degassing time, while cobalt and copper showed the morphological changes of particle or crystal on oxide layer.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.392-399
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of metal primers on the bonding of dental alloys and veneer resin. Polyvinylpyrrolidone solution's tarnish effect on bonding strength was also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Disk-shape metal specimens (diameter 8 mm, thickness 1.5 mm) were made from 3 kinds of alloy (Co-Cr, Ti and Au-Ag-Pd alloy) and divided into 4 groups per each alloy. Half specimens (n=12 per group) in tarnished group were immersed into polyvinylpyrrolidone solution for 24 hours. In Co-Cr and Ti-alloy, Alloy Primer (MDP + VBATDT) and MAC-Bond II (MAC-10) were applied, while Alloy Primer and V-Primer (VBATDT) were applied to Au-Ag-Pd alloys. After surface treatment, veneering composite resin were applied and shear bond strength test were conducted. RESULTS. Alloy Primer showed higher shear bond strength than MAC-Bond II in Co-Cr alloys and Au-Ag-Pd alloy (P<.05). However, in Ti alloy, there was no significant difference between Alloy Primer and MAC-Bond II. Tarnished Co-Cr and Au-Ag-Pd alloy surfaces presented significantly decreased shear bond strength. CONCLUSION. Combined use of MDP and VBATDT were effective in bonding of the resin to Co-Cr and Au-Ag-Pd alloy. Tarnish using polyvinylpyrrolidone solution negatively affected on the bonding of veneer resin to Co-Cr and Au-Ag-Pd alloys.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.405-410
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• 1996

방사광 광전자분광법을 이용하여 $Co_{x}Pd_{100-x}$ 합금박막들(x = 0, 25, 40, 65)의 가전자띠 스펙트럼들을 측정하고, Co 3d 전자와 Pd 4d 전자들에 의한 각각의 부분스펙트럼 무게분포(partial spectral weight distribution : PSW)를 결정하였다. Co-Pd 합금박막에서의 Co 3d PSW는 수직자기이방성을 나타내는 영역에 해당하는 Co 함량 25% 이하에서 순수 Co 박막의 스펙트럼과 상당히 다른 구조를 보인 반면, Co 함량이 약 40% 이상이 되면 순수 Co 박막의 PES스펙트럼과 거의 일치하였다. Co 함량이 25% 이하의 Co 3d PSW에서 관찰된 페르미준위 근처의 봉우리 구조와 결합에너지 2 eV 근처의 어깨구조는 혼성에 의한 Co 3d 전자구조의 변화를 반영한다. 따라서 Co 3d 전자와 Pd 4d 전자 간의 혼성상호작용이 수직자기이방성의 결정에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 추측되었다. Co-Pd 합금박막에서의 Pd 4d PSW는 순수 Pd 스펙트럼에 비하여 그 폭이 넓고, 주 봉우리의 결합에너지가 크며, 페르미준위에서의 스펙트럼의 세기가 작게 관찰되었다. 그리고 Pd 함량이 감소함에 따라 Pd 4d PSW의 반치폭이 증가하였는데, 이러한 결과는 Co-Pd 합금이 형성될 때의 무질서 효과 또는 Co 3d 전자와 Pd 4d 전자간의 혼성상 호작용으로 인한 Pd 4d 전자구조의 변화를 반영하는 것으로 추측되었다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2010

In this study, we have demonstrated the fine structure effect of PdCo electrocatalyst on oxygen reduction reaction activity with different alloy composition and heat-treatment time. In order to identify the intrinsic factors for the electrocatalytic activity, various X-ray analyses were used, including inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy technique. In particular, extended X-ray absorption fine structure was employed to extract the structural parameters required for understanding the atomic distribution and alloying extent, and to identify the corresponding simulated structures by using FEFF8 code and IFEFFIT software. The electrocatalytic activity of PdCo alloy nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction was evaluated by using rotating disk electrode technique and correlated to the change in structural parameters. We have found that Pd-rich surface was formed on the Co core with increasing heating time over 5 hours. Such core shell structure of PdCo/C showed that a superior oxygen reduction reaction activity than pure Pd/C or alloy phase of PdCo/C electrocatalysts, because the adsorption energy of adsorbates was apparently reduced by lowering the dband center of the Pd skin due to a combination of the compressive strain effect and ligand effect.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2000

The influence of different microstructures and compositional variations on hydrogen absorption by pure Pd, and $Pd_{0.9}Rh_{0.1}$ alloy has been examined from changes in the hydrogen isotherms. The dilute phase solubilities and the plateau pressures are affected by differences in microstructures and compositional variations but the hydrogen capacities at relatively high hydrogen pressures are not affected except for the alloy form which has some phase separation.

• 멤브레인
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.290-298
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• 2011

팔라듐이 코팅된 $V_{53}Ti_{26}Ni_{21}$ 합금 분리막을 통해 수소 투과시 혼합가스의 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 순수 수소, 수소, 이산화탄소 및 일산화탄소의 혼합가스를 공급가스로 주입할 때, $450^{\circ}C$, 1-3 bar의 압력에서 팔라듐이 코팅된 $V_{53}Ti_{26}Ni_{21}$ 합금 분리막의 수소 투과 실험을 수행하였다. 수소만을 공급한 투과 실험에서 팔라듐 코팅된 $V_{53}Ti_{26}Ni_{21}$ 합금 분리막(두께: 0.5 mm)의 수소 투과량은 3 bar, $450^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 $5.36mL/min/cm^2$였다. 또한 수소/이산화탄소, 수소/일산화탄소 및 수소/이산화탄소/일산화탄소를 공급한 투과실험에서 $V_{53}Ti_{26}Ni_{21}$ 합금 분리막의 수소 투과량은 각각 4.46, 5.20, $3.91mL/min/cm^2$였다. 따라서, 수소/이산화탄소, 수소/일산화탄소 및 수소/이산화탄소/일산화탄소 혼합가스를 각각 공급할 때 투과량은 온도와 압력에 상관없이 수소 분압 감소만큼 감소하였고 모든 경우 Sievert 법칙을 잘 만족시켰다. 투과 후 분리막의 XRD 결과로부터 $V_{53}Ti_{26}Ni_{21}$ 합금 분리막은 여러 혼합가스에 대해 안정성과 내구성이 우수하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 1996년도 추계연구발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.42-43
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• 1996

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.244-252
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• 2005

It is very interesting and important in the academic point of view and in practical use the hydrogen-induced phase separation(HIPS) which appears during hydrogen heat treatment. Since hydrogen can be removed very fast by pumping it out the hydrogen-induced new lattice phase which can not be obtained without hydrogen can be preserved as meta-stable state. In this study it has been investigated whether the HIPS appear in Pd-Al, Pd-Co, Pd-Cr, Pd-Ti, Pd-V and Pd-Zr alloys and discussed thermodynamic representation of the HIPS. The Pd alloys were arc-melted under argon atmosphere and remelted 4 or 5 times for homogenization. The alloys were annealed at 600$^{\circ}C$ under vacuum for 24 hrs and then subjected to pressure-composition isotherm measurements at 100$^{\circ}C$. The hydrogen heat treatment(HHT) of samples was carried out at 600$^{\circ}C$ under hydrogen pressure of 70 bar for 6 days and PC isotherms at 100$^{\circ}C$ were measured. By comparing the PC isotherms measured before and after HHT, occurrence of phase separation was determined. The experimental results showed that the HIPS appeared only in Pd-0.05Co alloy. For Pd-Co alloys with various composition the PC isotherms were measured. By adopting Park-Flanagan model for ternary thermodynamics the Gibbs free energy change for Pd-Co-H solid solution was calculated and subsequently with this the HIPS in Pd-Co alloy was explained fairly.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 1999

현재 수소저장 합금을 이용하여 2차전지의 음극으로 개발되고 있는 $AB_5$ type의 $(LM)Ni_{4.49}Co_{0.1}Mn_{0.205}Al_{0.205}$ 조성의 수소저장합금과 $AB_2$ type의 $Ti_{0.6}Zr_{0.4}V_{0.6}Ni_{1.4}$ 조성의 수소저장합금에 Pd를 0, 0.5, 1, 2 wt% 첨가한 조성을 진공 중에서 arc 용해를 하였다. 용해된 합금의 조직과 결정구조를 SEM, XRD로 조사하였다. Pd 가 첨가되었음에도 조직이나 결정구조의 변화는 보이지 않았다. 미세한 구리분말을 합금분말 대비 3:1로 첨가하여 pellet형태의 전극을 제조하여 전극특성을 조사한 결과 Pd 첨가에 따른 초기 활성화와 급속 충방전 특성은 크게 변하지 않았다. 그러나 싸이클 수명에 있어서는 Pd를 첨가한 전극들이 Pd를 첨가하지 않는 전극에 비해 우수하였다. $AB_5$ type 조성의 합금에서는 Pd를 2wt% 첨가한 전극, 그리고 $AB_2$ type 조성의 합금에서는 Pd를 0.5wt% 첨가한 전극에서 싸이클 특성이 가장 우수하게 나타났다.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2001년도 춘계연구발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.110-111
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• 2001