• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.415-426
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• 2015

Solar radiation under a clear sky is a important factor in the process by which meteorological satellite images are converted into solar radiation maps, and the quality of estimations depends on the accuracy of clear sky models. Therefore, it is important to select models appropriate to the purpose of the study and the study area. In this instance, complex models were applied using Linke turbidity, including ESRA, Dumortier, and MODTRAN, in addition to simple models such as Bourges and PdBV, which consider only the solar elevation angles. The presence of cloud was identified using the Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite and the Meteorological imager (COMS MI), and reference data were then selected. In order to calculate the accuracy of the clear sky models, the concepts of RMSE and MBE were applied. The results show that Bourges and PdBV produced low RMSE values, while PdBV had relatively steady RMSE values. Also, simple models tend to underestimate global solar irradiation during spring and early summer. Conversely, in the winter season, complex methods often overestimate irradiation. In future work, the cause of overestimation and other factors will be analyzed and the clear sky models will be adjusted in order to make them suitable for the Korean Peninsula.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.60-66
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• 2001

Because of internal voids in insulators give rise to partial discharge(PD), which cause local breakdown and even entire insulation breakdown. Treeing due to PD is one of the main causes of breakdown of the insulating materials and reduction of the insulation life. Therefore the necessity for establishing a method to diagnose the aging of insulation materials and to predict the breakdown of insulation has become important. From this viewpoint, our studies diagnose insulation degradation using the method of computer sensing system, which has the advantages of PD and acoustic emission(AE) sensing system. To use advantages of these two methods can be used effectively to search for treeing location and PD in some materials. In analysis method of degradation, We analyzed the PD pulse and AE pulses by regression analysis, compared to these obtained the correlation coefficient and determination coefficient by T-distribution and saw that PD and AE pulses show a similar pattern on the whole. This is in agreement with the results of the research by Yoshimura and Fujita.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.348-350
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• 1997

Because of internal voids ininsulators give rise to partial discharge(PD), which cause local breakdown and even entire insulation breakdown. Treeing due to PD is one of the main causes of breakdown of the insulating materials and reduction of the insulation life. Therefore the necessity for establishing a method to diagnose the aging of insulation materials and to predict the breakdown of insulation has become important. From this viewpoint, our studies diagnose insulation degradation using the method of computer sensing system, which has the advantages of PD and acoustic emission(AE) sensing system. To use advantages of these two methods can be used effectively to search for treeing location and PD in some materials. In analysis method of degradation. We analyzed the PD pulse and AE pulses by regression analysis, compared to these obtained the correlation coefficient and determination coefficient by T-distribution and saw that PD and AE pulses show a similar pattern on the whole. Finally using statically operator such as the center of gravity(G), the gradient of the discharge distribution(C), we have analyzed for the prediction of life which we can be obtained the time, occurred of many pulse of small discharge amplitude.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 1999

Because of internal voids in insulators give rise to partial discharge(PD), which cause local breakdown and even entire insulation breakdown. Treeing due to PD is one of the main causes of breakdown of the insulating materials and nrluction of the insulation life. 1berefore the necessity for establishing a rrethod to diagnose the aging of insulation materials and to predict the breakdown of insulation has becorne irrportant. From this viewpoint, our studies diagnose insulation degradation using the rrethod of computer sensing system, which has PD and acoustic emission(AE) sensing system. To use advantages of these two methods can be used effectiveiy to search for treeing location and PD in sorre materials. In analysis rrethod of degradation, we analyzed the PD and AE pulses by regression analysis, corrpared to these obtained the correlation coefficient and retermination coefficient by T-distribution and saw that PD and AE pulses show a similar pattern on the whole. This has a similar teIlrency to the results of the research by Yoshimura and Fujita.Fujita.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Objective: There are currently no disease-modifying medications or definite long-term sustainable interventions for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), indicating an unmet treatment need. Our goal was to create a long-term sustainable intervention for PD patients that can be used in Korean medicine clinics. Methods: The Meridian Activation Remedy System (MARS) was created to stimulate a patient's 12 meridians and sinew channels using a combination of acupoint stimulation and exercise. The acupoints and motions used in MARS were selected through literature studies and expert advice. The methodologies were refined using observational and case studies. With slow and fast movements, the MARS intervention was intended to activate both slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers. Intradermal acupuncture and motion that shift the center of gravity were employed to enhance the patient's balance and proprioception. In addition, the intervention included alternating movement exercises to address the complex cognitive decline commonly occurring in PD patients. Results: The following acupoints were chosen for the MARS intervention: bilateral Hegu (LI4), Houxi (SI3), Waiguan (TE5), Neiguan (PC6), Zhongchong (PC9), Yuji (LU10), Zusanli (ST36), Yanglingquan (GB34), Taichong (LR3), Kunlun (BL60), and Taixi (KI3). We also developed actions that can stimulate the body's 12 meridians. Conclusion: We developed the MARS intervention, which combines acupuncture and exercise, to address the unmet therapeutic needs of PD patients. We hope that with additional research, the MARS intervention can be set as an effective therapeutic program for PD patients.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.2627-2642
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• 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a typical, chronic neurodegenerative disease involving the concentration of dopamine, which can disrupt motor activity and cause different degrees of gait disturbance relevant to PD severity in patients. As current clinical PD diagnosis is a complex, time-consuming, and challenging task that relays on physicians' subjective evaluation of visual observations, gait disturbance has been extensively explored to make automatic detection of PD diagnosis and severity rating and provides auxiliary information for physicians' decisions using gait data from various acquisition devices. Among them, wearable sensors have the advantage of flexibility since they do not limit the wearers' activity sphere in this application scenario. In this paper, an attention-based temporal network (ATN) is designed for the time series structure of gait data (vertical ground reaction force signals) from foot sensor systems, to learn the discriminative differences related to PD severity levels hidden in sequential data. The structure of the proposed method is illuminated by Transformer Network for its success in excavating temporal information, containing three modules: a preprocessing module to map intra-moment features, a feature extractor computing complicated gait characteristic of the whole signal sequence in the temporal dimension, and a classifier for the final decision-making about PD severity assessment. The experiment is conducted on the public dataset PDgait of VGRF signals to verify the proposed model's validity and show promising classification performance compared with several existing methods.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.3057-3060
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• 2009

Ionic palladium(II) complex, [($Me_4en)Pd(L)]_2(ClO_4)_4\;(Me_4$en = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine; L = bis-(4-(4-pyridylcarboxyl)phenyl)methane), allows to form a monodisperse submicrosphere without any template or additive. Surface-perchlorates on the submicrosphere have been exchanged by anionic pH indicators such as thymol blue, bromothymol blue, and bromocresol green. The ionic and amphiphilic properties of the palladium(II) complex appear to be primarily associated with the formation and easy surface-anion exchange of submicrosphere. The surface-anion exchange through the electrostatic interaction is a very good tool for the surface-modification. The color of the pH indicator-exchanged submicrospheres is very sensitive to pH and Hg$^{2+}$ cation, and thus they are promising to submicrospherical indicators.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.435-441
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• 2010

We report the preparation and characterization of a new and water soluble complex of palladium(II) with 1,10- phenanthroline and butyldithiocarbamate ligands. This compound has been studied through spectroscopic techniques, $^1H$ NMR, IR, electronic spectra and elemental analysis and conductivity measurements. The complex shows 50% cytotoxic concentration ($Ic_{50}$) value against chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line, K562, much lower than that of cisplatin. Thus the mode of binding of this complex to calf thymus DNA have been extensively investigated by isothermal titration UV-visible spectrophotometry, fluorescence, gel filteration and other methods. UV-visible studies show that the complex exhibits cooperative binding with DNA and remarkably denatures the DNA at extremely low concentration ($~13\;{\mu}M$). Fluorescence studies indicate that the complex intercalate into DNA. Gel filtration studies suggest that the binding of Pd(II) complex with DNA is strong enough that it does not readily break. In these interaction studies, several thermodynamic and binding parameters are also determined which may reflect the mechanism of action of this type of compound with DNA.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 1983

The formation of chlorophyll-protein complexes (CP-complexes) during the greening of rape cotyledons (Brassica napus cv. Yongdang) was investigated by the SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The total chlorophyll content and Chl a/b ratio were also determined. In addition, the effects of dark treatment on the CP-complex patterns during greening have been examined with respect to their photosynthetic electron transport activity. Greening has brought about the increasein total chlorophyll content and the decrease in Chl a/b ratio, but there have been no changes in Chl a/b ratio after 24 hrs of greening. The light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex (LHCP-complex0 was predominant during the initial greening period. Thereafter, the amout of chlorophyll a-protein complex (CP I-complex) was gradually increased. Twenty-four-hr dark treatment immediately after illumination for 6 hrs and 12 hrs resulted in the increase of the Chl a/b ration and the CP I complex, otherwise the decrease of the LHCP-complex. The LHCP/CP I ratio was gradually decreased with further greening, and appeared no change after 48 hrs illumination. The investigation of the photosynthetic electron transport activity indicated that photosystem (PS) II activity (H2Olongrightarrowp-PD*＋FeCy**) did not change, but the activity of PS I was increased suddenly due to the dark treatment. The data suggests that the increase of CP I-complex may result in that of P-700, that is, the increase of PS I activity.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.213-228
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• 2017

Plasmodesmata (PDs) are specialized intercellular channels that facilitate the exchange of various molecules, including sugars, ribonucleoprotein complexes, transcription factors, and mRNA. Their diameters, estimated to be 2.5 nm in the neck region, are too small to transfer viruses or viral genomes. Tobacco mosaic virus and Potexviruses are the most extensively studied viruses. In viruses, the movement protein (MP) is responsible for the PD gating that allows the intercellular movement of viral genomes. Various host factors interact with MP to regulate complicated mechanisms related to PD gating. Virus replication and assembly occur in viral replication complex (VRC) with membrane association, especially in the endoplasmic reticulum. VRC have a highly organized structure and are highly regulated by interactions among the various host factors, proteins encoded by the viral genome, and the viral genome. Virus trafficking requires host machineries, such as the cytoskeleton and the secretory systems. MP facilitates the virus replication and movement process. Despite the current level of understanding of virus movement, there are still many unknown and complex interactions between virus replication and virus movement. While numerous studies have been conducted to understand plant viruses with regards to cell-to-cell movement and replication, there are still many knowledge gaps. To study these interactions, adequate research tools must be used such as molecular, and biochemical techniques. Without such tools, virologists will not be able to gain an accurate or detailed understanding of the virus infection process.