• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.66-75
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• 1990

The Pd-Te system has been investigated by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffration, electron probe microanalysis and reflected light microscopy. New phase relations in 0-50at% Te portion of the binary system are proposed. Eight binary phases exist in the system:Pd17Te4, Pd20Te7.PdsTe3, P477e3, P497e4, P637e2, PeTe and PaTe2. Of these, P677e3 is a newly reported phase. P4177e4 is cubic, space group Fd3c, with a=12.678(5)A. The X-ray powder data of PdsTe3, indexed on an orthorhombic cell, give a= 12.843(3), b=15.126(3), c: 11.304(2)A and those of PdTTe.1, indexed on a monoclinic cell, give a=7.444(1), b= 13.918(2) , c=8.873(2)A. p =92.46(2). Some physical and optical properties of synthetic phases in the system are also reported.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.217-223
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• 1993

Thin films of the Au/Cr, Au/Ni/Cr and Au/Pd/Cr systems were deposited on alumina substrates at ambient temperature and $250^{\circ}C$ in a high-vacuum resistance heating evaporator and annealed at $300^{\circ}C$, $450^{\circ}C$ and $600^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour in air, respectively. The film thicknesses of Au, Ni(or pd), and Cr were $1000{\AA}$, $300{\AA}$, and $50{\AA}$, respectively. The substrate temperature during deposition and the post-deposition annealing temperature affected the sheet resistance of thin-films due to the inter-diffusion of each layer. As a result of Auger depth profile analysis, in the Au/Cr system Cr already diffused out to Au surface during deposition at the substrate temperature of $250^{\circ}C$ and Au distribution changed after heat treatment. In the Au/Ni/Cr and Au/Pd/Cr systems, diffusion phenomena of Ni and Pd were found and especially Ni (approximately 45 at.%) diffused out to Au surface and oxidized.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.83 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2020

Background: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC)-22C3, SP263, and SP142. The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation among the three methods of PD-L1 IHC in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and clinical significance of PD-L1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase domain mutation. Methods: The results of 230 patients who were pathologically confirmed as having NSCLC; tested using PD-L1 IHC 22C3, SP263, and SP142 methods; and evaluated via the peptide nucleic acid clamping method to confirm EGFR mutation, were analyzed in this study. Results: 164 patients underwent both the SP263 and 22C3 tests. There was a significant positive correlation between the outcomes of the two tests (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.912, p<0.001), with a derived regression equation as follows: 22C3=15.2+0.884×SP263 (R²=0.792, p<0.001). There was no relationship between the expression of PD-L1 and clinical parameters, including EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) mutation. The PD-L1 expression in patients treated with EGFR-TKI yielded a 2-month-shorter progression period than that in the PD-L1-negative group. However, this did not reach statistical significance (PD-L1<1% vs. PD-L1≥1%, 10 months vs. 8 months). Conclusion: The results of the 22C3 and those of SP263 methods were in good correlation with one another. Since the PD-L1 expression is not influenced by the EGFR mutation, it is necessary to perform a PD-L1 test to set the treatment direction in the patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07c
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• pp.2175-2178
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• 2005

During normal machine operation, partial discharge(PD) measurements were performed with turbine generator analyzer(TGA) in five high voltage motors(rated 6.6kV). These high voltage motors were installed with 80pF capacitive couplers at the terminal box. The PD patterns were displayed two dimensional and three dimensional. TGA summarizes each plot with two quantities such as the normalized quantity number(NQN) and the peak PD magnitude(Qm). Off-line PD measurements were conducted on five motors. These motors were energized to 3.81kV. The PD levels in pC were measured with a conventional digital PD detector. The comparison of positive to negative PD indicates whether the defect elements of PD are within the insulation or on the insulation surface. Internal discharges were generated in phase A, B and C of COP-B and pulv.-B, in phase B of Pulv. C and in phase C of Pulv.-D motor. Discharge at conductor surface was discovered in phase A of Pulv. D motor. Slot discharges occurred in three phases of Pulv. E motor.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.414-417
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• 2008

This paper describes the fabrication of a Pd/poly 3C-SiC Schottky diode and its characteristics, in which the poly 3C-SiC layer and Pd Schottky contact were deposited by using APCVD and sputter, respectively. Crystalline quality, uniformity, and preferred orientations of the Pd thin film were evaluated by SEM and XRD, respectively. Pd/poly 3C-SiC schottky diodes were fabricated and characterized by I-V and C-V measurements. Its electric current density Js and barrier height voltage were measured as $2{\times}10^{-3}A/cm^2$ and 0.58 eV, respectively. These devices were operated until about $400^{\circ}C$. Therefore, from these results, Pd/poly 3C-SiC Schottky devices have very high potential for high temperature chemical sensor applications.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.638-644
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• 1990

The C3H8 gas sensitivities of SnO2, Pd-SnO2, Pt-SnO2 gas sensor are looked over with the impregnation method of PdCl2, H2PtCl6 solution on SnO2. The Cl- ion due to incomplete decomposition of PdCl2 at 80$0^{\circ}C$ for 30 min decrease the C3H8 gas sensitivity of SnO2, and the sensitivity is increased by the impreganation of H2PtCl6 solution on SnO2 because of its lower decomposition temperature compared with PdCl2. The C3H8 gas sensitivities of Pd-SnO2, Pt-SnO2 impregnated slightly after 1st sintering are larger than that of pure SnO2 sensor because very small amount of Cl- ion exist in sample due to smaller amount of impregnaiton.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.244-252
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• 2005

It is very interesting and important in the academic point of view and in practical use the hydrogen-induced phase separation(HIPS) which appears during hydrogen heat treatment. Since hydrogen can be removed very fast by pumping it out the hydrogen-induced new lattice phase which can not be obtained without hydrogen can be preserved as meta-stable state. In this study it has been investigated whether the HIPS appear in Pd-Al, Pd-Co, Pd-Cr, Pd-Ti, Pd-V and Pd-Zr alloys and discussed thermodynamic representation of the HIPS. The Pd alloys were arc-melted under argon atmosphere and remelted 4 or 5 times for homogenization. The alloys were annealed at 600$^{\circ}C$ under vacuum for 24 hrs and then subjected to pressure-composition isotherm measurements at 100$^{\circ}C$. The hydrogen heat treatment(HHT) of samples was carried out at 600$^{\circ}C$ under hydrogen pressure of 70 bar for 6 days and PC isotherms at 100$^{\circ}C$ were measured. By comparing the PC isotherms measured before and after HHT, occurrence of phase separation was determined. The experimental results showed that the HIPS appeared only in Pd-0.05Co alloy. For Pd-Co alloys with various composition the PC isotherms were measured. By adopting Park-Flanagan model for ternary thermodynamics the Gibbs free energy change for Pd-Co-H solid solution was calculated and subsequently with this the HIPS in Pd-Co alloy was explained fairly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.115-115
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• 1999

GaN는 직접천이형 wide band gap(3.4eV) 반도체로서 청색/자외선 발광소자 및 고출력 전자장비등에의 응용성 때문에 폭넓게 연구되고 있다. 이러한 넓은 분야의 응용을 위해서는 열 적으로 안정된 Ohmic contact을 반드시 실현되어야 한다. n-type GaN의 경우에는 GaN계면에서의 N vacancy가 n-type carrier로 작용하기 때문에 Ti, Al, 같은 금속을 접합하여 nitride를 형성함에 의해서 낮은 접촉저항을 갖는 Ohmic contact을 하기가 쉽다. 그러나 p-type의 경우에는 일 함수가 크고 n-type와 다르게 nitride가 형성되지 않는 금속이 Ohmic contact을 할 가능성이 많다. 시료는 HF(HF:H2O=1:1)에서 10분간 초음파 세척을 한 후 깨끗한 물에 충분히 헹구었다. 그런 후에 고순도 Ar 가스로 건조시켰다. Pd와 Ni은 열적 증착법(thermal evaporation)을 사용하여 p-GaN에 상온에서 증착하였다. 현 연구에서는 열처리에 의한 Pd의 clustering을 줄이기 위해서 wetting이 좋은 Ni을 Pd 증착 전과 후에 삽입하였으며, monchromatic XPS(x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) 와 SAM(scanning Auger microscopy)을 사용하여 열처리 전과 40$0^{\circ}C$, 52$0^{\circ}C$ 그리고 695$0^{\circ}C$에서 3분간 열처리 후의 온도에 따른 morphology 변화, 계면반응(interfacial reaction) 및 벤드 휨(band bending)을 비교 연구하였다. Nls core level peak를 사용한 band bending에서 Schottky barrier height는 Pd/Ni bi-layer 접합시 2.1eV를, Ni/Pd bi-layer의 경우에 2.01eV를 얻었으며, 이는 Pd와 Ni의 이상적인 Schottky barrier height 값 2.38eV, 2.35eV와 비교해 볼 때 매우 유사한 값임을 알 수 있다. 시료를 후열처리함에 의해 52$0^{\circ}C$까지는 barrier height는 큰 변화가 없으나, $650^{\circ}C$에서 3분 열처리 후에 0.36eV, 0.28eV 만큼 band가 더 ？을 알 수 있었다. Pd/Ni 및 Ni/Pd 접합시 $650^{\circ}C$까지 후 열 처리 과정에서 계면에서 matallic Ga은 온도에 비례하여 많은 양이 형성되어 표면으로 편석(segregation)되어지나, In-situ SAM을 이용한 depth profile을 통해서 Ni/Pd, Pd/Ni는 증착시 uniform하게 성장함을 알 수 있었으며, 후열처리 함에 의해서 점차적으로 morphology 의 변화가 일어나기 시작함을 볼 수 있었다. 이는 $650^{\circ}C$에서 열처리 한후의 ex-situ AFM을 통해서 재확인 할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터 GaN에 Pd를 접합 시 심한 clustering이 형성되어 Ohoic contact에 문제가 있으나 Pd/Ni 혹은 Ni/Pd bi-layer를 사용함에 의해서 clustering의 크기를 줄일 수 있었다. Clustering의 크기는 Ni/Pd bi-layer의 경우가 작았으며, $650^{\circ}C$ 열처리 후에 barrier height는 Pd/Ni bi-layer의 경우에도 Ni의 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.662-671
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• 1993

New Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes of isonitrosomethylacetoacetate imine derivatives, Ni(IMAA-NH)(IMAA-NH'), Ni(IMAA-NH)(IMAA-NR), $Pd(IMAA-NH)_2\;and Pd(IMAA-NR)_2(R=CH_3,\;C_2H_5,\;n-C_3H_7,\;n-C_4H_9,\;or\;CH_2C_6H_5)$, where H-IMAA-NH and H-IMAA-NR represent isonitrosomethylacetoacetate imine and N-alkylisonitrosomethylacetoacetate imine derivative, respectively, have been prepared and the structures of the complexes have been studied by elemental analyses, electronic, infrared, and $^1H-\;and\;^{13}C-NMR$ spectroscopies.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2011

[ $L1_0$ ]phase FePd nano-dot structures were successfully fabricated on self-organized Fe/Au bilayers. With atomic force microscopy, it is determined that surface morphologies of initially flat Fe/Au bilayer films were agglomerated and transformed their shape into nano-dots structures with increasing annealing temperature. With this bilayer as a template, FePd multilayers were deposited at various temperatures, i.e. $300^{\circ}C$, $350^{\circ}C$, $400^{\circ}C$, and $450^{\circ}C$. Surface morphologies of FePd superlattice had a near resemblance to self-organized bilayer. According to X-ray diffraction results, it is confirmed that $L1_0$ superlattice structures of FePd were obtained from samples which were annealed above $350^{\circ}C$. Results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth-profile analysis showed that chemical composition is identical to deposition sequence. As a result, without additional etching processes, fabrication of chemically ordered FePd superlattice nano-dots was achieved.