• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 2002.01a
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• pp.233-237
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• 2002

The smartcard is a processing platform ＆ a store or data it can perform calculations and run programs It contains its own memory (RAM), storage (ROM and EEPROM). and (Central Processing Unit) CPU like a PC If it had its own power supply. keyboard and screen. it would be a fully independent computer Requires an Interface Device (IFD) to supply the power and provide suitable input and display mechanisms. Some examples of IFDs are: point of sale terminal(POS) telephone ATM etc.(omitted)

• Digital Contents
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• no.8 s.159
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• pp.66-71
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• 2006

예전에 모뎀을 통한 PC통신이 한창 유행할 때, ROM족이라는 유행어가 있었다. RAM(Random Access Memory)과 함께 컴퓨터의 기억장치로 활용되는, 읽기만 가능한 저장매체(Read Only Memory)를 뜻하는 용어였다. 그런데 이 용어는 이 속성을 빗대어 게시판을 읽기만 하는 회원(Read Only Member)을 가리키는 말로도 쓰였다. 정보화시대에 있어서 정보라는 것, 비록 형태가 없는 것들이 대부분이지만 이 역시 누군가가 사용하기 위해서는 누군가가 만들어내야 한다. 수요와 공급이 일어나는 정보 유통 구조다. 혹자는 ROM족으로 소비생활에만 치중하지만, 또 다른 혹자들은 소비와 생산을 동시에 하는 프로슈머(ProSumer) 역할을 한다. 이번호에서는 이러한 생산성을 띤 소비자들에 대한 이야기를 하고자 한다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2016

This paper presents a preliminary study on the influence of laterite soil replacing conventional fine aggregates on the strength properties of GGBS-blended-concrete. For this purpose, GGBS-blended-concrete samples with 40% GGBS, 60% Portland cement (PC), and locally available laterite soil was used. Laterite soils at 0, 25, 50 and 75% by weight were used in trails to replace the conventional fine aggregates. A control mix using only PC, river sand, course aggregates and water served as bench mark in comparing the performance of the composite concrete mix. Test blocks including 60 cubes for compression test; 20 cylinders for split tensile test; and 20 beams for flexural strength test were prepared in the laboratory. Results showed decreasing trends in strength parameters with increasing laterite content in GGBS-blended-concrete. 25% and 50% laterite replacement showed convincing strength (with small decrease) after 28 day curing, which is about 87-90% and 72-85% respectively in comparison to that achieved by the control mix.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.54-60
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to develop a CAD/CAM system for automatic creation and manufacturing of three dimension objects. The computer system used in this study made RAM 2M, CPU 80386, VGA graphic card. The results in this paper are as follows ; 1. By interconnect PC(personal computer) and NC(numerical control) milling machine with RS232C connector, we was constructed with CAD/CAM system. 2. The developed algorithm in this study is able to be design of three dimension object on the computer CRT and manufacturing of NC milling machine. 3. Because of design and modifying on the PC of objects, we can be saving time, cost and improvable precision of objects. 4. Essentially, we expect industrial accident to reduse according as we takes advantage of CAD/CAM system.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.587-590
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• 2009

천식환자의 폐활량 측정 및 관리는 정기적으로 검사되어 관리될 필요가 있는 매우 중요한 관리 항목이다. 본 연구는 천식환자의 폐활량을 정기적으로 관리할 수 있도록 PC-기반 폐활량기를 이용한 천식환자의 폐활량 측정 및 관리 시스템의 설계 및 구현에 관한 연구이다. 폐활량 검사는 크게 3종류 구성되며, 본 연구는 노력성 폐활량 검사(Forced Vital Capacity Test)를 1차적으로 설계 및 구현 방법을 제안하였다. FVC 검사의 목적은 폐질환의 진단, 중증도 그리고 치료효과 판정, 기관지 천식의 진단 및 관리, 수술시 마취방식의 결정 등으로 무엇보다 정확한 검사와 정기적인 검사를 필요로 하는 중요한 검사이다. FVC 검사는 검사과정에서 천식환자에게 많은 노력을 필요로 하는 힘든 검사로서 검사자의 도움이 필수적이므로 폐활량 검사 프로그램 개발에 있어 고려되어 알고리즘이 효율적으로 개발되어야 한다. 본 시스템은 휴대형 폐활량기(Spirometer)를 PC에 연결하고, 폐활량을 측정할 수 있도록 구성되었고, 검사 내용은 PC의 DB에 저장하고, 추후에 정기적으로 서버의 DB로 전송함으로서 보다 더 폭넓은 관리를 가능하도록 하며 천식환자는 서버가 제공하는 웹 사이트를 이용함으로서 자신의 건강관리를 가능하도록 구성된다. FVC 검사 프로그램은 정확한 검사와 편리한 사용자 인터페이스를 제공하도록 설계 및 구현하였고 따라서 자체 개발된 폐활량기를 PC-기반 프로그램으로 제어 가능함으로서 추후 다양한 임상실험의 데이터 확보, 기능의 확장과 성능의 개선을 할 수 있고, 좀 더 편리하고, 정확한 폐활량측정이 가능 할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1994 no.05
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• pp.53-56
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• 1994

We have developed biological signal measurement modules and data acquisition and control card for a biological signal measurement, archiving, and communication system (SiMACS). Biological signals included in this system are ECG, EEG, EMG, invasive blood pressure, respiration, and temperature. Parameters of each module can be controlled by PC-base IDPU (intelligent data processing unit) through a data acquisition and control card. The data acquisition and control card can collect up to 16 channels of biological signals with sampling rate of $50\;{\sim}\;2,000Hz$ and 12-bit resolution. All measurement moduls and data acquisition functions are controlled by microcontroller which receives commands from PC. All data transfers among PC, microcontroller, and ADC are done through a shared RAM access by polling method for real rime operation.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.378-388
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• 2008

Flash memory has been attracting attention as the next mass storage media for mobile computing systems such as notebook computers and UMPC(Ultra Mobile PC)s due to its low power consumption, high shock and vibration resistance, and small size. A storage system with flash memory excels in random read, sequential read, and sequential write. However, it comes short in random write because of flash memory's physical inability to overwrite data, unless first erased. To overcome this shortcoming, we propose an SSD(Solid State Disk) architecture with two novel features. First, we utilize non-volatile FRAM(Ferroelectric RAM) in conjunction with NAND flash memory, and produce a synergy of FRAM's fast access speed and ability to overwrite, and NAND flash memory's low and affordable price. Second, the architecture categorizes host write requests into small random writes and large sequential writes, and processes them with two different buffer management, optimized for each type of write request. This scheme has been implemented into an SSD prototype and evaluated with a standard PC environment benchmark. The result reveals that our architecture outperforms conventional HDD and other commercial SSDs by more than three times in the throughput for random access workloads.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.30 no.5_6
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• pp.232-238
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• 2003

Traditional operating systems use a virtual memory to provide users with a bigger memory than a physical memory. The virtual memory augments the insufficient physical memory by the swap device. Since disks are usually used as the swap device, the cost of a page fault is relatively high compared to the access cost of the physical memory. Recently, numerous papers have investigated the Network RAM in order to exploit the idle memory in the network instead of disks. Since today's distributed systems are interconnected with high-performance networks, the network latency is far smaller than the disk access latency In this paper we design and implement the Network RAM using block device driver on Linux. This is the first implementation of the Network RAM on Linux. We propose the new reliability method to recover the page when the other workstation's memory is damaged. The system using the Network RAM as the swap device reduces the execution time by 40.3% than the system using the disk as the swap device. The performance results suggest that the new reliability method that use the processor more efficiently has the similar execution time with others, but uses smaller server memory and generates less message traffic than others.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2020

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a serious limitation for agricultural production. In this study, we explored tolerance mechanism associated with Cd toxicity tolerance in alfalfa plants. We used three distinct alfalfa cultivars M. sativa cv. Vernal, M. sativa cv. Zhung Mu, and M. sativa cv. Xing Jiang Daye in this study. Cd showed declined chlorophyll score in Xing Jiang Daye compared with Zhung Mu and Vernal. No significant change observed among the cultivars for root and shoot length. Atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis demonstrated a significant accumulation of Cd, Fe, S and PC in distinct alfalfa cultivars. However, Zhung Mu and Xing Jiang Daye declined Cd accumulation in root, where Fe, S and PC incremented only in Zhung Mu. It suggests that excess Cd in Zhung Mu possibly inhibited in root by the increased accumulation of Fe, S and PC. This was further confirmed by the response of Fe (MsIRT1) and S transporters (MsSULTR1;2 and MsSULTR1;3), and MsPCS1 genes associated with Fe, S and PC availability and translocation in roots and shoots. It suggests that specially the transcript signal inducing the responses to adjust Cd especially in Zhung Mu. This finding provides the essential background for further molecular breeding program for forage crops.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.912-919
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• 2020

Hardy kiwifruits (Actinidia arguta Planch.) have high amounts of antioxidants, including ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and phenolics. The anti-cholinesterase activity and neuroprotective effects of three different cultivars of hardy kiwifruits, cv. Mansu (A. arguta × A. deliciosa), cv. Haeyeon (A. arguta), and cv. Chiak (A. arguta), on PC-12 and SH-SY5Y cells were evaluated. Extraction of phenolics and vitamin C was carried out using 80% (v/v) aqueous ethanol and metaphosphoric acid assisted with homogenization, respectively. Hardy kiwifruit of cv. Mansu showed higher total phenolic, total flavonoid, and vitamin C contents and antioxidant capacity compared to the other two cultivars of hardy kiwifruits, cv. Haeyeon and cv. Chiak. Analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography results revealed the presence of procyanidin B2, (-)-epicatechin, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and astragalin in hardy kiwifruits. The three cultivars of hardy kiwifruits had a wide range of vitamin C content of 55.2-130.0 mg/100 g fresh weight. All three cultivars of hardy kiwifruits had protective effects on neuronal PC-12 and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide by increasing cell viability and reducing intracellular oxidative stress. Furthermore, the hardy kiwifruits inhibited acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Collectively, these results suggest that hardy kiwifruits rich in antioxidants like phenolics and vitamin C have good potential as functional materials in neuroprotective applications.